Efeito corretivo do consumo dos sucos de acerola (Malpighia Emarginata DC.) sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e genotóxicos em camundongos alimentados com uma dieta cafeteria

Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências da Saúde.A incidência mundial de obesidade tem aumentado drasticamente. A fim de verificar o papel do estresse oxidativo na fisiopatologia da obesidade e considerando o histórico farmacêutico da acerola e seu alto teor de vitamina C e flavonóides, os efeitos antioxidantes e antigenotóxicos dos sucos de acerola (verde, maduro e industrial), vitamina C e rutina, foram investigados, quando usados como suplementos alimentares em camundongos obesos. As análisesfitoquimicas revelaram que todos os tipos de suco de acerola continham altos níveis de vitamina C e rutina. Posteriormente, observou-se significativo potencial antioxidante dos sucos em relação aos componentes individuais isolados. Para avaliação do efeito genotóxico e oxidativo camundongos Swiss foram alimentados durante 13 semanas, com dieta padrão (DP) ou dieta cafeteria (CAF), essa última contendo produtos comerciais com alto teor energético. A dieta CAF induziu intolerância à glicose, aumentou a eficiência energética, e induziu danos ao DNA, evidenciados pelo ensaio cometa e teste de micronúcleos. O dano oxidativo a proteínas e lipídeos foi examinado pela mensuração do conteúdo de sulfidrilas totais e os níveis de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA-RS). Além disso, análises elementares em amostras teciduais de camundongos da dieta CAF demonstraram maiores concentrações de elementos potencialmente pró-oxidantes, como alumínio,silício e ferro. Após 13 semanas de dieta CAF, estes animais receberam nutracêuticos dietéticos adicionais (suco de acerola, vitamina C ou rutina) durante um mês e o impacto sobre danos bioquímicos e no DNA em medula óssea, sangue periférico, rim, fígado e cérebro foram examinados. Nossos resultados indicaram que o suco de acerola madura e o industrial levaram a uma diminuição do dano ao DNA induzido pela dieta CAF no sangue, rim, fígado e na medula óssea. A suplementação com o suco verde resultou em um efeito protetor exclusivo em sangue, rim e medula óssea. A suplementação de vitamina C acarretou na redução de danos ao DNA no rim e no fígado, enquanto que o suplemento rutina levou a uma redução de danos em todas as amostras teciduais. Um impacto antioxidante destes suplementos nas proteínas e lipídeos pôde ser observado em rim, fígado e cérebro. O suco de acerola industrial e vitamina C prevenirama oxidação tiólica em todos os tecidos examinados. Adicionalmente, a suplementação com suco de acerola verde aumentou o conteúdo total de tióis no rim e no fígado, enquanto que o suco de acerola madura causou o mesmo efeito no rim. Também foi observada uma diminuição dos níveis de TBA-RS causada pela CAF em todos os tipos de células para o suco de acerola verde e rutina. A vitamina C reduziu a lipoperoxidação, como foi evidenciado a partir da diminuição dos níveis de malondialdeído no fígado e no cérebro. O mesmo efeito foi observado no fígado para o suco de acerola madura e industrial. As análises elementares de amostras teciduais demonstraram que a suplementação com os sucos de acerola modularam diferentes elementos nos rins e no fígado. Sucos de acerola podem, portanto, ser úteis para reduzir os danos oxidativos e a genotoxicidade em condições obesogênicas.The worldwide incidence of obesity has increased dramatically. In order to examine the role ofoxidativestressinpathophysiology of obesity and considering the pharmaceutical track record of acerola and its high contents of vitamin C and flavonols, the antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of acerola juice (unripe, ripe and industrial), as well as its main pharmacologically active components vitamin C and rutin were investigated, when used as food supplements for obese mice. Phytochemical analyses revealed that all the acerola juice types contained high levels of vitamin C and rutin. Subsequent,observed significant antioxidant potential of acerola juices relative to the isolated individual components. Evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative effects, Swiss mice were fed for 13 weeks either on a standard (STA) or cafeteria diet (CAF), of which the latter contained high-energy supermarket products. The CAF diet induced glucose intolerance, increased feed efficiency, and induced DNA damage, as evident from Comet assay and Micronucleus test. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids was examined by measuring total contents of sulfhydryl and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS).In addition, elemental analisys on tissue samples of CAF mice exhibited higher concentrations of elements potentially pro-oxidant, like aluminium, silicon and iron. After 13 weeks on the CAF diet, mice were given additional diet nutraceuticals (acerola juice, vitamin C or rutin) for one month and the impact on biochemical and DNA damage in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, kidney, liver and brain were examined. Our results indicated that a supplementation with ripe or industrial acerola juice led to a partial reversal of the DNA damage induced by the CAF diet in blood, kidney, liver and bone marrow. Unripe juice supplements resulted in a corrective effect exclusive inblood, kidney and bone marrow. Vitamin C supplements led to reduced DNA damage in kidney and liver, whereas rutin supplements led to a damage reduction in all tissue samples. An antioxidant impact of these supplements on proteins and lipids could be observed in kidney, liver and brain. Industrial acerola juice and vitamin C prevented thiol oxidation in all examined tissue samples. Unripe acerola juice increased the total content of thiols in the kidney and liver, whereas ripe acerola juice caused the same effect in the kidney. Was also observed a decrease in the TBA-RS levels caused by CAF in all cell types for unripe acerola juice and rutin supplements were indicative of decreased levels of lipoperoxidation. Vitamin C supplements reduced lipoperoxidation, as was evident from decreased malondialdehyde levels in liver and brain. The same effect was observed in the liver for ripe and industrial acerola juice. Elemental analyses of tissue samples showed that the supplementation with acerola juices modulated different elements in kidney and liver. Acerola juices might accordingly be helpful to reduce oxidative damage and the genotoxicity under obesogenic conditions

Avaliação do potencial antigenotóxico do suco de Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis, Miller) em camundongos

Como alimento funcional, o consumo do suco de Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis, Miller) está crescendo consideravelmente devido ao seu potencial antioxidante, entretanto, não houve uma adequada avaliação desta planta para possíveis efeitos adversos ou de proteção em relação aos danos ao DNA. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, in vivo, o efeito do suco comercial de Aloe vera (Olivos Alimentos Funcionais) sobre a genotoxicidade do agente mutagênico MMS em camundongos CF-1 utilizando o Ensaio Cometa. Os animais foram divididos em 12 grupos com 6 animais cada, Os grupos foram: Grupo 1 e 2 (controles negativos receberam água e veículo, o grupo 3, 4 e 5, as diferentes doses de suco, os grupos 6, 7, 8 (pré-tratamento) receberam inicialmente o suco, em diferentes doses e 24 horas após receberam MMS por via intraperitoneal (40mg/kg), e os grupos 9, 10 e 11 (pós-tratamento) receberam inicialmente o MMS e 24 horas após receber o suco em doses diferentes, grupo de 12 receberam apenas o agente alquilante MMS. As coletas de sangue foram feitas 24 horas após o último tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que o suco em todas as sua doses não foi genotóxico, e que nas doses de 360 mg/kg e 730 mg/kg do pós tratamento, reduziram os danos causados pelo MMS em 40,45% e 73,0% respectivamente, indicando uma ação de reparação no DNA

Elemental composition of vegetables cultivated over coal-mining waste

We assessed elemental composition of the liver in mice subjected to one-time or chronic consumption of the juice of vegetables cultivated in a vegetable garden built over deposits of coal waste. Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce), Beta vulgaris L. (beet), Brassica oleracea L. var. italica (broccoli) and Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala (kale) were collected from the coal-mining area and from a certified organic farm (control). Elemental composition was analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method. Concentrations of Mg, S, and Ca of mice subjected to one-time consumption of broccoli and concentrations of these same elements plus Si of mice receiving kale were higher in the coal-mining area. Concentrations of P, K, and Cu were increase after chronic consumption of lettuce from the coal-mining area, whereas the levels of Si, P, K, Fe, and Zn were higher in the group consuming kale from the coal-mining area. Our data suggests that people consuming vegetables grown over coal wastes may ingest significant amounts of chemical elements that pose a risk to health, since these plants contain both essential and toxic metals in a wide range of concentrations, which can do more harm than good

Evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Melissa officinalis in mice

Melissa officinalis (L.) (Lamiaceae), a plant known as the lemon balm, is native to the east Mediterranean region and west Asia. Also found in tropical countries, such as Brazil, where it is popularly known as “erva-cidreira” or “melissa”, it is widely used in aqueous- or alcoholic-extract form in the treatment of various disorders. The aim was to investigate in vivo its antigenotoxicity and antimutagenicity, as well as its genotoxic/mutagenic potential through comet and micronucleus assaying. CF-1 male mice were treated with ethanolic (Mo-EE) (250 or 500 mg/kg) or aqueous (Mo-AE) (100 mg/kg) solutions of an M. officinalis extract for 2 weeks, prior to treatment with saline or Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) doses by intraperitoneal injection. Irrespective of the doses, no genotoxic or mutagenic effects were observed in blood and bone-marrow samples. Although Mo-EE exerted an antigenotoxic effect on the blood cells of mice treated with the alkylating agent (MMS) in all the doses, this was not so with Mo-AE. Micronucleus testing revealed the protector effect of Mo-EE, but only when administered at the highest dose. The implication that an ethanolic extract of M. officinalis has antigenotoxic/antimutagenic properties is an indication of its medicinal relevance

Corrective effects of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) juice intake on biochemical and genotoxical parameters in mice fed on a high-fat diet

Acerola contains high levels of vitamin C and rutin and shows the corresponding antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress on the other hand is an important factor in the development of obesity. In this study, we investigated the biochemical and antigenotoxic effects of acerola juice in different stages of maturity (unripe, ripe and industrial) and its main pharmacologically active components vitamin C and rutin, when given as food supplements to obese mice. Initial HPLC analyses confirmed that all types of acerola juice contained high levels of vitamin C and rutin. DPPH tests quantified the antioxidant properties of these juices and revealed higher antioxidant potentials compared to pure vitamin C and rutin. In an animal test series, groups of male mice were fed on a standard (STA) or a cafeteria (CAF) diet for 13 weeks. The latter consisted of a variety of supermarket products, rich in sugar and fat. This CAF diet increased the feed efficiency, but also induced glucose intolerance and DNA damage, which was established by comet assays and micronucleus tests. Subsequently, CAF mice were given additional diet supplements (acerola juice, vitamin C or rutin) for one month and the effects on bone marrow, peripheral blood, liver, kidney, and brain were examined. The results indicated that food supplementation with ripe or industrial acerola juice led to a partial reversal of the diet-induced DNA damage in the blood, kidney, liver and bone marrow. For unripe acerola juice food supplementation, beneficial effects were observed in blood, kidney and bone marrow. Food supplementation with vitamin C led to decreased DNA damage in kidney and liver, whereas rutin supplementation led to decreased DNA damage in all tissue samples observed. These results suggest that acerola juice helps to reduce oxidative stress and may decrease genotoxicity under obesogenic conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Elemental composition of vegetables cultivated over coal-mining waste

We assessed elemental composition of the liver in mice subjected to one-time or chronic consumption of the juice of vegetables cultivated in a vegetable garden built over deposits of coal waste. Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce), Beta vulgaris L. (beet), Brassica oleracea L. var. italica (broccoli) and Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala (kale) were collected from the coal-mining area and from a certified organic farm (control). Elemental composition was analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method. Concentrations of Mg, S, and Ca of mice subjected to one-time consumption of broccoli and concentrations of these same elements plus Si of mice receiving kale were higher in the coal-mining area. Concentrations of P, K, and Cu were increase after chronic consumption of lettuce from the coal-mining area, whereas the levels of Si, P, K, Fe, and Zn were higher in the group consuming kale from the coal-mining area. Our data suggests that people consuming vegetables grown over coal wastes may ingest significant amounts of chemical elements that pose a risk to health, since these plants contain both essential and toxic metals in a wide range of concentrations, which can do more harm than good