Role-Playing Game and Learning for Young People About Sustainable Development Stakes: An Experiment in Transferring and Adapting Interdisciplinary Scientific Knowledge

The study refers to the interactions between socio-economic and natural dynamics in an island biosphere reserve by using companion modelling. This approach provides scientific results and involves interdisciplinarity. In the second phase of the study, we transferred knowledge by adapting the main research output, a role-playing game, to young people. Our goal was to introduce interactions between social and ecological systems, coastal dynamics and integrated management. Adapting the game required close collaboration between the scientists and educators in order to transform both its substance and form and to run it with an easy-to-handle ergonomic platform.Children Education, Multi-Agent Environment, Role-Playing Game

Apn1 AP-endonuclease is essential for the repair of oxidatively damaged DNA bases in yeast frataxin-deficient cells

International audienceFrataxin deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress and it is the cause of the hereditary neurodegenerative disease Friedreich ataxia (FA). Here, we present evidence that one of the pleiotrop-ic effects of oxidative stress in frataxin-deficient yeast cells (Dyfh1 mutant) is damage to nuclear DNA and that repair requires the Apn1 AP-endonuclease of the base excision repair pathway. Major phenotypes of Dyfh1 cells are respiratory deficit, disturbed iron homeostasis and sensitivity to oxidants. These phenotypes are weak or absent under anaerobiosis. We show here that exposure of anaerobically grown Dyfh1 cells to oxygen leads to down-regulation of antioxidant defenses, increase in reactive oxygen species, delay in G1-and S-phases of the cell cycle and damage to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Nuclear DNA lesions in Dyfh1 cells are primarily caused by oxidized bases and single-strand breaks that can be detected 15-30 min after oxygen exposition. The Apn1 enzyme is essential for the repair of the DNA lesions in Dyfh1 cells. Compared with Dyfh1, the double Dyfh1Dapn1 mutant shows growth impairment, increased mu-tagenesis and extreme sensitivity to H 2 O 2. On the contrary, overexpression of the APN1 gene in Dyfh1 cells decreases spontaneous and induced mutagenesis. Our results show that frataxin deficiency in yeast cells leads to increased DNA base oxidation and requirement of Apn1 for repair, suggesting that DNA damage and repair could be important features in FA disease progression

Decrease in ovalbumin-induced pulmonary allergic response by benzaldehyde but not acetaldehyde exposure in a guinea pig model

International audienceThe pulmonary effects of two environmentally relevant aldehydes were investigated in non-sensitized or ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs (GPs). Four-week-old male Hartley GPs, weighing about 400 g, were intraperitoneally injected with 1 ml of an NaCl solution containing 100 mug OA and 100 mg Al/(OH)(3). They were then exposed to either acetaldehyde (200 ppb) or benzaldehyde (500 ppb) (or 4 wk (6 h/d, 5 d/wk). At the end of exposure, GPs were challenged with an OA aerosol (0.1% in NaCl) and pulmonary functions were measured. The day after, guinea pigs were anesthetized and several endpoints related to inflammatory anti allergic responses were assessed in blood, whole-lung histology, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Sensitized nonexposed GPs showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness to OA and an increased number of eosinophils in blood and BAL, together with a rise in total protein and leukotrienes (LTB4 and LTC4/D-4/E-4) in BAL. In nonsensitized GPs, exposure to acetaldehyde or benzaldehyde did not induce any change in the tested parameters;, with the exception of irritation of the respiratory tract as detected by histology and an increased number of alveolar macrophages in animals exposed to acetaldehyde. In sensitized GPs, exposure to acetaldehyde induced a moderate irritation of the respiratory tract but no change in biological parameters linked to the inflammatory and allergic responses, In contrast, exposure to benzaldehyde induced a decrease both in OA-induced bronchoconstriction and in eosinophil and neutrophil numbers in BAL, an increase in the bronchodilatator mediator prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) and a decrease in the bronchoconstrictor mediators LTC4/D-4/E-4. Further investigations are needed to determine if the attenuated response observed in sensitized GPs exposed to benzaldehyde is due to an alteration of the mechanism of sensitization or to a more direct effect on various mechanisms of the allergic response

Understanding the growth mechanism of BaZrS3_3 chalcogenide perovskite thin films from sulfurized oxide precursors

Barium zirconium sulfide (BaZrS$_3$) is an earth-abundant and environmentally friendly chalcogenide perovskite with promising properties for various energy conversion applications. Recently, sulfurization of oxide precursors has been suggested as a viable solution for effective synthesis, especially from the perspective of circumventing the difficulty of handling alkali earth metals. In this work, we explore in detail the synthesis of BaZrS$_3$ from Ba-Zr-O oxide precursor films sulfurized at temperatures ranging from 700 $^\circ$C to 1000 $^\circ$C. We propose a formation mechanism of BaZrS$_3$ based on a two-step reaction involving an intermediate amorphization step of the BaZrO3 crystalline phase. We show how the diffusion of sulfur (S) species in the film is the rate-limiting step of this reaction. The processing temperature plays a key role in determining the total fraction of conversion from oxide to sulfide phase at a constant flow rate of the sulfur-containing H2S gas used as a reactant. Finally, we observe the formation of stoichiometric BaZrS$_3$ (1:1:3), even under Zr-rich precursor conditions, with the formation of ZrO$_2$ as a secondary phase. This marks BaZrS$_3$ quite unique among the other types of chalcogenides, such as chalcopyrites and kesterites, which can instead accommodate quite a large range of non-stoichiometric compositions. This work opens up a pathway for further optimization of the BaZrS$_3$ synthesis process, straightening the route towards future applications of this material.Comment: Equal contributio

Entre clandestinité et libertinage, le secret dans le roman français du XVIIIe siècle (1737-1782)

Au XVIIIe siècle le secret est un thème qui traverse le réel et la fiction. Il se retrouve en effet dans la vie des romanciers aventuriers, mais aussi dans leurs oeuvres. Entre 1737 et 1782, de la proscription des romans qui entraîne la clandestinité jusqu au crépuscule du libertinage que peignent Les Liaisons dangereuses, le secret ne cesse de se transformer. Essentiellement créateur de péripéties, voire d imbroglios, chez Mouhy, Chevrier, ou Bastide, il contribue ensuite à l expression de la subjectivité chez Vivant Denon et Laclos. De l aventure à l alcôve, nous assistons à l intériorisation d un thème qui se renouvelle en même temps que le plaisir de la lecture. Cette étude souhaite reconstituer le contexte du temps en mettant en relation des romans classés comme minores avec d autres tenus pour des majores, et démontrer qu au-delà des frontières qui séparent les sous-genres, le secret de la littérature réside sans doute dans la façon dont les minores peuvent éclairer la lecture des chefs-d oeuvre.In the eighteenth century secret is a theme which goes through reality and fiction alike. It is actually found both in adventurous novelists' life and in their works. Between 1737 and 1782, from the prohibition of novels which brings about underground publishing to the twilight of the libertine outlook depicted by Les Liaisons dangereuses, secret does not stop transforming itself. Basically at the origin of ups and downs even imbroglioes in Mouhy, Chevrier or Bastide, it contributes afterwards to the expression of subjectivity in Vivant Denon and Laclos s works. From adventure to alcove, we observe the interiorization of a theme which is renewed at the same time as the pleasure of reading. This study hopes to render the context of the time putting in relation novels considered as minor and others held to be major ones and to prove that beyond the boundaries that separate the sub-genres, the secret of literature lies very likely in the way minor works can throw light on masterpieces.REIMS-SCD-Bib. electronique (514549901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Interactive effect of perfectionism dimensions on depressive symptoms: A reply to Gaudreau and Thompson (2010)

International audienceGaudreau and Thompson (2010) provided a 2 2 model of perfectionism that focuses on the interactive effect of two dimensions of perfectionism - personal standards perfectionism (PSP) and evaluative concerns perfectionism (ECP) - and distinguishes four sub-types of perfectionism. They evidenced an interactive effect of PSP and ECP on general negative effect, i.e., the effect of ECP is reduced when PSP is high. They also hypothesized a similar effect on a measure of psychopathology. We respond to Gaudreau and Thompson (2010) by testing this interactive effect on depressive symptoms. Analyses of data from a student sample (N = 338) failed to evidence an interactive effect of PSP and ECP on depressive symptoms. ECP was positively associated with depressive symptoms while a mild negative correlation between PSP and depression was observed. Although our results do not fully support Gaudreau and Thompson's 2 2 model, they suggest that some of the sub-types they proposed are relevant for predicting depressive symptoms

Introduction aux principes de la loi relative à l’action en réparation collective et premiers commentaires critiques

0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Splénomégalie palustre hyperimmune et drépanocytose. A propos d'un cas

peer reviewe

Déterminisme nutritionnel et génétique de la teneur en lipides musculaires chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (étude par analyse de l'expression de gènes candidats, du protéome et du transcriptome du foie et du muscle)

Ce travail de thèse a eu pour objectif d identifier les mécanismes majeurs intervenant dans la régulation de l adiposité musculaire chez la truite arc-en-ciel. Pour cela, nous avons analysé les effets combinés de la sélection génétique et de l alimentation, facteurs prépondérants de variation de l'adiposité. Deux lignées de truites arc-en-ciel sélectionnées sur la teneur en lipides du muscle dorsal ("muscle gras" et "muscle maigre"), ont été nourries pendant 6 mois avec un régime contenant 10 ou 23% de lipides (% de la matière sèche). Nous avons mesuré l'activité et/ou l'expression d enzymes clé des principales voies métaboliques intervenant dans l'utilisation de l'énergie, puis développé une analyse différentielle globale à l échelle du transcriptome (microarray nylon) et du protéome (électrophorèse bidimensionnelle). Ces analyses portent sur le muscle blanc, tissu cible de la sélection, et le foie, carrefour métabolique et site majeur de la lipogenèse chez les poissons. Les résultats obtenus confirment l effet inhibiteur d un apport alimentaire riche en lipides sur la lipogénèse et la désaturation des acides gras dans le foie, déjà observé chez des individus de plus grande taille, et fournissent de nouvelles connaissances sur l effet exercé sur les autres voies, en particulier la protéolyse. Ces analyses ont également permis de mettre en évidence des différences métaboliques existant entre lignées, qui concernent non seulement le métabolisme des lipides mais aussi celui des autres substrats énergétiques. Il apparaît que les deux moyens utilisé pour augmenter la teneur en lipides du muscle mettent en jeu des mécanismes moléculaires différents. Nos travaux ont permis d identifier deux gènes dont l expression est augmentée dans le muscle en réponse à un apport alimentaire riche en lipides et par la sélection génétique en faveur d un indice d adiposité musculaire élevé, et qui pourraient être des marqueurs moléculaires de l adiposité musculaire.The objective of the study was to identify genes and proteins that are involved in the control of muscle fat deposition in rainbow trout. We analyzed the combined effects exerted by genetic selection and dietary treatment, which are the two main factors that can be used to manage body fat content. Two lines of rainbow trout, obtained after 3 generations of divergent selection for high or low muscle fat content, were fed diets containing either 10% or 23% lipids (% dry matter), for six months. We analyzed the activity and gene expression of key enzymes involved in energy utilization, and performed a more global approach through transcriptome (nylon microarray) and proteome (two- dimensional electrophoresis) analysis. We analyzed the liver, which is the centre of intermediary metabolism and the main site of lipogenesis in fish, and the muscle, the target tissue of the selection provedure. The results confirmed the depressing effect exerted by a lipid rich diet on lipogenesis and fatty acid desaturation, already described in larger size fish, and provided new insight about the effect exerted on the other metabolic pathways, in particular the proteolysis. These analyses pointed out metabolic differences existing between lines. They involved not only lipid metabolism, but also the other pathways of nutrient utilization. With regard to their muscle-fattening effect, the dietary treatment and the genetic selection appear to act through different molecular mechanisms. These analyses allowed the identification of two genes that are over-expressed in muscle upon both high dietary lipid supply and upward selection for muscle fat content, suggesting that these two genes could be relevant molecular markers of muscle fattening.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocPLOUZANE-Bibl.La Pérouse (290195209) / SudocSudocFranceF

Morphological training in spelling: Immediate and long-term effects of an interventional study in French third graders

International audienc