286,366 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Off the record?: Arrestee concerns about the manipulation, modification, and misrepresentation of police body-worn camera footage
Police body-worn cameras (BWC) have become the latest technological device introduced to policing on a wave of panacean promises. Recent research has reported the perspectives of police officers, police management, and the general public, but there have been no studies examining the views of police arrestees. Remedying this significant omission, this article presents findings generated from interviews with 907 individuals shortly after their arrest. Overall, we report a strong in principle support for police body-worn cameras amongst this cohort, particularly if the cameras can be operated impartially. The findings are organised into a trilogy of prominent and interrelated concerns voiced by the police detainees, namely the potential for the manipulation, modification, and misrepresentation of events captured by police body-worn cameras. The findings are discussed in a broader context of the “new visibility” of police encounters and contribute much needed findings to understand the culturally specific ways in which different publics experience and respond to visual surveillance
A continuum model for entangled fibres
Motivated by the study of fibre dynamics in the carding machine, a continuum model for the motion of a medium composed of fibres is derived under the assumption that the dominant forces are due to fibre-fibre interactions and that the material is in tension. To characterise the material we include the averaged values of density and velocity and introduce variables to describe the mean direction, alignment and entanglement. We assume that the bulk stress of the material depends on the density, entanglement, degree of alignment, average direction and shear-rates. A kinematic equation for the average direction and two proposed heuristic laws for the evolution of entanglement and degree of alignment are given to close the system. Extensional and shearing simulations are in good qualitative agreement with experimental results
Cellular distribution of the prion protein in palatine tonsils of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that affects members of the Cervidae family, including deer (Odocoileus spp.), elk (Cervus Canadensis spp.), and moose (Alces alces spp.). While CWD is a neurodegenerative disease, lymphoid accumulation of the abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) is detectable early in the course of infection. It has been shown that a large portion of the PrPSc lymphoid accumulation in infected mule deer takes place on the surface of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). In mice, FDC expression of PrPC has been shown to be essential for PrPSc accumulation. FDCs have been shown to normally express high levels of PrPC in mice and humans but this has not been examined in natural hosts for CWD. We used double immunofluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy to determine the PrPC expression characteristics of B and T lymphocytes as well as FDCs in palatine tonsils of CWD-negative mule deer and elk. We detected substantial PrPC colocalization with all cellular phenotypic markers used in this study, not just with FDC phenotypic markers
On Flux Rope Stability and Atmospheric Stratification in Models of Coronal Mass Ejections Triggered by Flux Emergence
Flux emergence is widely recognized to play an important role in the
initiation of coronal mass ejections. The Chen-Shibata (2000) model, which
addresses the connection between emerging flux and flux rope eruptions, can be
implemented numerically to study how emerging flux through the photosphere can
impact the eruption of a pre-existing coronal flux rope. The model's
sensitivity to the initial conditions and reconnection micro-physics is
investigated with a parameter study. In particular, we aim to understand the
stability of the coronal flux rope in the context of X-point collapse and the
effects of boundary driving in both unstratified and stratified atmospheres. In
the absence of driving, we assess the behavior of waves in the vicinity of the
X-point. With boundary driving applied, we study the effects of reconnection
micro-physics and atmospheric stratification on the eruption. We find that the
Chen-Shibata equilibrium can be unstable to an X-point collapse even in the
absence of driving due to wave accumulation at the X-point. However, the
equilibrium can be stabilized by reducing the compressibility of the plasma,
which allows small-amplitude waves to pass through the X-point without
accumulation. Simulations with the photospheric boundary driving evaluate the
impact of reconnection micro-physics and atmospheric stratification on the
resulting dynamics: we show the evolution of the system to be determined
primarily by the structure of the global magnetic fields with little
sensitivity to the micro-physics of magnetic reconnection; and in a stratified
atmosphere, we identify a novel mechanism for producing quasi-periodic behavior
at the reconnection site behind a rising flux rope as a possible explanation of
similar phenomena observed in solar and stellar flares.Comment: Submitted Feb 28, 2014 to, accepted Aug 14, 2014 by Astronomy &
Astrophysics. 13 pages, 10 figures, 2 table
Parallel resampling in the particle filter
Modern parallel computing devices, such as the graphics processing unit
(GPU), have gained significant traction in scientific and statistical
computing. They are particularly well-suited to data-parallel algorithms such
as the particle filter, or more generally Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), which
are increasingly used in statistical inference. SMC methods carry a set of
weighted particles through repeated propagation, weighting and resampling
steps. The propagation and weighting steps are straightforward to parallelise,
as they require only independent operations on each particle. The resampling
step is more difficult, as standard schemes require a collective operation,
such as a sum, across particle weights. Focusing on this resampling step, we
analyse two alternative schemes that do not involve a collective operation
(Metropolis and rejection resamplers), and compare them to standard schemes
(multinomial, stratified and systematic resamplers). We find that, in certain
circumstances, the alternative resamplers can perform significantly faster on a
GPU, and to a lesser extent on a CPU, than the standard approaches. Moreover,
in single precision, the standard approaches are numerically biased for upwards
of hundreds of thousands of particles, while the alternatives are not. This is
particularly important given greater single- than double-precision throughput
on modern devices, and the consequent temptation to use single precision with a
greater number of particles. Finally, we provide auxiliary functions useful for
implementation, such as for the permutation of ancestry vectors to enable
in-place propagation.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure
Pressure inequalities for nuclear and neutron matter
We prove several inequalities using lowest-order effective field theory for
nucleons which give an upper bound on the pressure of asymmetric nuclear matter
and neutron matter. We prove two types of inequalities, one based on convexity
and another derived from shifting an auxiliary field.Comment: 16 pages, published journal version - includes inequalities for spin
polarized system
- …