Real Hypersurfaces of Type A in Complex Two-Plane Grassmannians Related to The Reeb Vector Field

Y. J. Suh and H. Lee (Bull. Korean. Math. Soc. 47, 551-561 (2010)) characterized real hypersurfaces $M$ of type $B$ by the invariance of vector bundle $JTM^\perp$ under the shape operator and the orthogonality of $JTM^\perp$ and $\mathcal {J}TM^\perp$, where $TM^\perp$, $J$ and $\mathcal J$ are the normal bundle of $M$, K\"ahler structure and Quaternionic K\"ahler structure of $G_2({\mathbb{C}}^{m+2})$ respectively. In this paper, we characterize real hypersurfaces $M$ of type A by the invariance of the vector bundle $JTM^\perp$ under the shape operator with the Reeb vector field in $\mathcal {J}TM^\perp$.Comment: 8 page

Post-processing treatment of conductive polymers to enhance electrical conductivity

A method for enhancing electrical conductivity of a film which includes at least one conductive polymer. The method includes providing the film comprising the at least one conductive polymer and at least one polymer acid, agitating the film in at least one reagent; and, placing the film on a heated surface. The at least one reagent includes a reagent acid that is stronger than the polymer acid. The conductivity of the treated film is significantly greater than the conductivity of the untreated film.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste

Dental health status of Hong Kong preschool children

Objectives. To describe the dental health status of preschool children in Hong Kong, and to investigate the e!ects of selected socio-demographic factors and oral health–related behaviors on the dental health of the children. Methods. The study population was Chinese preschool children. The sampling frame was kindergartens with an enrolment of 70 children or more, located on Hong Kong Island. Through strati'ed random sampling, 12 kindergartens were selected. All children attending grades 1 and 2 in the kindergartens were invited. Children with parental consent were clinically examined in the kindergartens in March 2007 by one of two calibrated examiners using a disposable mouth-mirror attached to an intraoral LED light and a ball-ended probe. Diagnostic criteria for dental caries followed those recommended by the World Health Organization. A questionnaire on the child’s socio-demographic background and oral health–related behaviors was completed by the parents. Results. A total of 1513 children were invited and 1343 (89%) were examined. Their mean (standard deviation) age was 3.9 (0.7) years and 51% were boys. Around one third (35%) of the children had experienced dental caries. The mean decayed, missing or 'lled teeth (dmft) score was 1.5, increasing from 1.2 at age 3 to 2.0 at age 5 (analysis of variance, P=0.016). Active decay (dt) accounted for 90% of the dmft score. Higher dmft scores were found in children who were born in Mainland China or came from lower socio-economic classes. Children who had poorer dietary or toothbrushing habits also had more dental caries. Conclusion. Prevalence of dental caries among the Hong Kong preschool children was not high but the severity of caries varied with the children’s socio-demographic background, and their dietary and toothbrushing habits.published_or_final_versio

Gamification of Learning in Early Age Education

Gamification teaches children many new abilities at a young age. It also increases their emotional well-being and emotional intelligence. Gamification enables your kid to study in a distraction-free atmosphere in a familiar setting. Gamification helps foster a positive attitude toward learning by creating engaging, personalized, and amusing learning materials. The majority of educational learning applications include unique music that will aid language development. Gamification allows your kid to study and participate at their own speed, free of peer or teacher pressur

Dietary folate intake of female adolescents in New Zealand

Background: Folate plays an important role in DNA synthesis and methylation and thus, dietary inadequacy is of particular concern primarily among reproductive age women. Studies to date show that achieving recommended dietary folate intakes can be difficult, especially in countries without mandatory folate fortification. In an effort to address this nutrient gap, the New Zealand government have instituted voluntary fortification of certain foods with folic acid (bread, breakfast cereals, fruit juice and others) since the mid-1990s. More recently, the New Zealand Association of Bakers have committed to fortifying a minimum of 25 % to 50 % of breads by sales volume, with folic acid. It is unknown whether increased bread fortification and/or changes in dietary patterns over time have influenced dietary folate intakes and the prevalence of inadequacy among the target population. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess dietary folate intakes and major food group contributors of folate among a sample of New Zealand female adolescents aged 15 – 18 years. Design: Healthy, female adolescents were recruited from eight high schools across the country. Sociodemographic data were collected via an online, self-administered questionnaires, and anthropometric data were collected using standardised techniques. Dietary data were collected using two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. Usual energy and folate intakes, including natural food folate and folic acid, and the prevalence of folate inadequacy were estimated by means of dietary recalls after adjusting for intra-individual variation. Food consumption was also categorised into 33 food groups and the top dietary contributors of total folate intake were calculated. Results: One-hundred and forty-five participants were enrolled in the study, with 132 completing dietary intake data. The average age of participants was 16.7 years, the majority were New Zealand European and Others, and 34.6 % of participants were classified as overweight and obese. Dietary results showed that the median total intake of folate was 347.2 (216.0, 430.3) µg dietary folate equivalents (DFEs)/day, and the prevalence of inadequacy was 41.7 %. A comparison of folate intakes by various socio-demographic subgroups revealed apparent differences with increased risk of inadequate intakes among participants from lower decile schools, and of Maori and Asian descent albeit sample sizes were small. Of the total folate intake in the sample population, median intake of natural food folate and food folic acid was 223.9 (161.7, 263.4) µg/day and 102.5 (75.1, 145.4) µg/day, respectively. Breads (including rolls and specialty breads) represented the top dietary contributor of total folate intake (17.7 %), followed by vegetables (10.9 %) and breakfast cereals (10.8 %). Breads were consumed by the majority of participants (81.8 %) whereas breakfast cereals were consumed less frequently by the sample population (38.6 %). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of inadequate folate intakes was high despite consumption of folic acid fortified foods such as breads and breakfast cereals. Moreover, the results indicate that total folate intakes among reproductive age women have not increased over the last ten years despite increased voluntary folic acid fortification of breads in New Zealand. While further work is needed to recruit a more representative sample of the population, these findings raise concern regarding the effectiveness of the current voluntary folic acid fortification policy in New Zealand to meet the recommended folate requirements of female adolescents

Dynamic resource management for LTE-based hybrid access femtocell systems

Hybrid access femtocells for long term evolution (LTE)-based cellular networks provide a tradeoff between closed and open access femtocells whereby all subscribers are granted access albeit with priority given to closed access subscribers. Due to the need to accommodate both closed and open access subscribers, quality of service (QoS) provisioning for LTE-based hybrid access femtocells has become more challenging. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a new dynamic resource management scheme for such hybrid architectures. In particular, the proposed scheme first classifies and performs lexicographic admission control on the incoming traffic data flows using an optimal greedy algorithm. A suboptimal delay-bounded packet scheduling algorithm and a dual decomposition-based power allocation algorithm are developed to solve the non-convex maximization problem such that the weighted sum rate of each femtocell is maximized, subject to bounded packet delays and power constraints. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly outperform existing schemes in terms of QoS, throughput and fairness