Biodegradation of metalworking fluids

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 L437Master of ScienceChemical Engineerin

Efficient use of Ferrate(VI) in the remediation of aqueous solutions contaminated with potential micropollutants: Simultaneous removal of triclosan and amoxicillin

532-542Ferrate(VI) is a safer oxidant compared to the often used oxidant in various wastewater treatment plants since the ferrate(VI) is devoid with the generation of harmful by-products. Hence, the present study is aimed to obtain laboratory experimental data for the treatment of water adulterated with emerging micro-pollutant (triclosan and amoxicillin) using the ferrate(VI). The parametric studies enabled us to deduce the kinetics of ferrate(VI) removal. The molar stoichiometry of ferrate(VI) and micro-pollutant was obtained as 2:1. Further, the mineralization of triclosan and amoxicillin is obtained which further enhances the applicability of ferrate(VI) in the waste water treatment. The simultaneous removal of these two pollutants (triclosan and amoxicillin) are extensively studied using the ferrate(VI). Moreover, the pH dependent degradation using ferrate(VI) is enabled to deduce the mechanism of removal. Additionally, the real matrix samples using the natural spring water (Tuikhur water) spiked with these micro-pollutants showed that the ferrate(VI) efficiency is almost unaffected at least in the removal of these two micro-pollutants. This showed the selectivity of the ferrate(VI) in the treatment process

Comparison of the regeneration of cartilage and the clinical outcomes after the open wedge high tibial osteotomy with or without microfracture: a retrospective case control study

Background It is unclear whether postoperative outcomes are associated with the cartilage regeneration after open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) combined with microfracture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the regeneration of the articular cartilage, radiologic, and clinical outcomes after OWHTO with and without microfracture. Methods Eighty-seven patients who underwent OWHTO from 2014 to 2015 were retrospectively included in this study. Fifty-seven OWHTOs with microfracture on medial femoral condyle (MFC) (group 1) and 30 OWHTOs without microfracture (group 2) were compared at a mean 2-year follow-up. The regeneration of the articular cartilage was evaluated using International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade on the second-look arthroscopy and the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The weight-bearing line (WBL) ratio, hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, joint line convergence angle (JLCA) and Ahlbäck grade were evaluated. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) scores and the Knee Society (KS). Results The articular cartilage in the MFC were regenerated in 67.8% of group 1 (43/57) and 58.6% of group 2 (16/30), respectively (p = 0.014). However, change of the ICRS grades of the medial tibial plateau, lateral and patellofemoral compartments showed no statistical difference between the groups. Total MOCART score in group 1 was superior to that in the group 2 at postoperative 2 years (41.8 ± 18.6 vs. 31.8 ± 19.8, p = 0.023). Regarding MOCART score, microfracture was only effective in the defect filling and integration to the border zone of the MFC (p < 0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively). Other radiologic and clinical outcomes showed no statistical differences between the groups. Conclusion Microfracture of the MFC during OWHTO only helped the filling of the degenerative cartilage defect and the integration of the cartilage with adjacent cartilage. However, the clinical and radiologic outcome could not be improved by mircrofracture in the OWHTO.This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (NRF-2017R1D1A1A09000509

AKARI Detection of the Infrared-Bright Supernova Remnant B0104-72.3 in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We present a serendipitous detection of the infrared-bright supernova remnant (SNR) B0104-72.3 in the Small Magellanic Cloud by the Infrared Camera (IRC) onboard AKARI. An elongated, partially complete shell is detected in all four observed IRC bands covering 2.6-15 um. The infrared shell surrounds radio, optical, and X-ray emission associated with the SNR and is probably a radiative SNR shell. This is the first detection of a SNR shell in this near/mid-infrared waveband in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The IRC color indicates that the infrared emission might be from shocked H2 molecules with some possible contributions from ionic lines. We conclude that B0104-72.3 is a middle-aged SNR interacting with molecular clouds, similar to the Galactic SNR IC 443. Our results highlight the potential of AKARI IRC observations in studying SNRs, especially for diagnosing SNR shocks.Comment: 12 pages with 3 figures, accepted for publication in AKARI PASJ special issu

Removal of emerging micropollutants from water using hybrid material precursor to natural sericite clay

602-610The occurrence of a wide range of micropollutants in natural aquatic environment has been reported in different parts of the world. These compounds are harmful for the aquatic life and human beings. Diclofenac and clofibric acid are the two common toxic micropollutants due to very large production and high consumption by humans. The present communication addresses the removal of diclofenac and clofibric acid from aqueous solutions using the hybrid material obtained by incorporating 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) onto the activated sericite clay. Initially, sericte clay was treated for activation and further modified with organosilane to obtain hybrid material. The materials were characterized using SEM, BET surface area, XRD, and FT-IR analyses. SEM and BET surface area analyses showed that the textural property of sericite clay was greatly changed after activation and the surface area was immensely increased from 3.65 to 62.92 m2/g. The organosilane was anchored on the activated clay and confirmed with FTIR analysis. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the diclofenac and clofibric acid removal is maximum at pH 6.0 to 7.0 and the adsorption of these two micropollutants were observed to be very fast and the time dependent adsorption data were best fitted to pseudo-second order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of diclofenac and clofibric acid using APTES-sericite hybrid material was found to be 1.868 and 1.749 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the loading capacities of the column packed with APTES-sericite hybrid material were found to be 0.789 and 1.095 mg/g. Therefore, this study indicated that the APTES-sericite hybrid material must be an useful material for the effective removal of diclofenac and clofibric acid from aqueous waste

Development of a Spirometry \u3cem\u3eT\u3c/em\u3e-score in the General Population

Background and objective: Spirometry values may be expressed as T-scores in standard deviation units relative to a reference in a young, normal population as an analogy to the T-score for bone mineral density. This study was performed to develop the spirometry T-score. Methods: T-scores were calculated from lambda-mu-sigma-derived Z-scores using a young, normal age reference. Three outcomes of all-cause death, respiratory death, and COPD death were evaluated in 9,101 US subjects followed for 10 years; an outcome of COPD-related health care utilization (COPD utilization) was evaluated in 1,894 Korean subjects followed for 4 years. Results: The probability of all-cause death appeared to remain nearly zero until -1 of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) T-score but increased steeply where FEV1 T-score reached below -2.5. Survival curves for all-cause death, respiratory death, COPD death, and COPD utilization differed significantly among the groups when stratified by FEV1 T-score (P \u3c 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios of the FEV1 T-score for the four outcomes were 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.60), 0.43 (95% CI: 0.37–0.50), 0.30 (95% CI: 0.24–0.37), and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.59–0.81), respectively, adjusting for covariates (P \u3c 0.001). Conclusion: The spirometry T-score could predict all-cause death, respiratory death, COPD death, and COPD utilization

KMT-2016-BLG-1107: A New Hollywood-Planet Close/Wide Degeneracy

We show that microlensing event KMT-2016-BLG-1107 displays a new type of degeneracy between wide-binary and close-binary Hollywood events in which a giant-star source envelops the planetary caustic. The planetary anomaly takes the form of a smooth, two-day "bump" far out on the falling wing of the light curve, which can be interpreted either as the source completely enveloping a minor-image caustic due to a close companion with mass ratio $q=0.036$, or partially enveloping a major-image caustic due to a wide companion with $q=0.004$. The best estimates of the companion masses are both in the planetary regime ($3.3^{+3.5}_{-1.8}\,M_{\rm jup}$ and $0.090^{+0.096}_{-0.037}\,M_{\rm jup}$) but differ by an even larger factor than the mass ratios due to different inferred host masses. We show that the two solutions can be distinguished by high-resolution imaging at first light on next-generation ("30m") telescopes. We provide analytic guidance to understand the conditions under which this new type of degeneracy can appear.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A