Association among cultural orientation, Nunchi, and interpersonal relationships with Korean adolescent athletes

Cultural aspects and their relationships with social supporters are important to adolescent athletes. Other skills in communication or perception (e.g. Nunchi) might be helpful in getting along with the supporters. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between cultural orientation, Nunchi, and interpersonal relationships with adolescent athletes. With this aim, we surveyed 462 Korean adolescent athletes. Measurement tools comprised questionnaires on cultural orientation, Nunchi, and interpersonal relationships-including coach-athlete, sports friendships, and parent-adolescent-designed to match the research purpose. We analyzed the data using structural equation modeling. Our results are as follows: first, we verified that collectivism is positively related to Nunchi, and Nunchi is positively associated with interpersonal relationships. But we did not verify that individualism is related to Nunchi. Second, in our final model, excluding individualism, Nunchi showed a mediation effect on the association between collectivism and interpersonal relationships. In conclusion, Korean athletes with high collectivism will be positively related to interpersonal relationships through Nunchi. Additionally, we discussed the issues of culture in sport and exercise psychology.Los aspectos culturales y sus relaciones con los seguidores deportivos son importantes para los atletas adolescentes. Otras habilidades de comunicación o percepción (e.g., Nunchi) pueden ser útiles para llevarse bien con los hinchas. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar la asociación entre la orientación cultural, Nunchi, y las relaciones interpersonales con atletas adolescentes. Con este objetivo, hemos encuestado a 462 atletas adolescentes coreanos. Las herramientas de medición comprendían cuestionarios sobre orientación cultural, Nunchi y relaciones interpersonales -incluidos el entrenador-atleta, las amistades deportivas y los padres-adolescentes- diseñados para cumplir con el propósito de la investigación. Los datos se analizaron mediante el uso de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Nuestros resultados son los siguientes: primero, verificamos que el colectivismo está positivamente relacionado con Nunchi, y que Nunchi está positivamente asociado con las relaciones interpersonales. Pero no verificamos que el individualismo esté relacionado con Nunchi. En segundo lugar, en nuestro modelo final, excluyendo el individualismo, Nunchi mostró un efecto de mediación sobre la asociación entre colectivismo y relaciones interpersonales. En conclusión, los atletas coreanos con alto colectivismo estarán positivamente relacionados con las relaciones interpersonales a través de Nunchi. Además, discutimos los temas de la cultura en el deporte y la psicología del ejercicio.Aspectos culturais e suas relações com os apoiadores sociais são importantes para os atletas adolescentes. Outras habilidades em comunicação ou percepção (por exemplo, Nunchi) podem ser úteis para se dar bem com os apoiadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a associação entre orientação cultural, Nunchi e relações interpessoais com atletas adolescentes. Com esse objetivo, foram pesquisados 462 atletas adolescentes coreanos. Os instrumentos de medição incluíam questionários sobre orientação cultural, Nunchi e relações interpessoais - incluindo treinador-atleta, amizades esportivas e pais-adolescente - projetados para corresponder ao objetivo da pesquisa. Analisamos os dados usando modelagem de equações estruturais. Nossos resultados são os seguintes: primeiro, verificamos que o coletivismo está positivamente relacionado ao Nunchi, e Nunchi está positivamente associado às relações interpessoais. Mas não verificamos que o individualismo está relacionado ao Nunchi. Em segundo lugar, em nosso modelo final, excluindo o individualismo, Nunchi mostrou um efeito de mediação na associação entre coletivismo e relações interpessoais. Em conclusão, os atletas coreanos com alto coletivismo estarão positivamente relacionados às relações interpessoais através do Nunchi. Além disso, discutimos as questões da cultura no esporte e na psicologia do exercício

무세포(cell-free) 시스템을 이용한 펩타이드모방분자 (peptidomimetics) 합성 동향

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Association among cultural orientation, Nunchi, and interpersonal relationships with Korean adolescent athletes

Cultural aspects and their relationships with social supporters are important to adolescent athletes. Other skills in communication or perception (e.g. Nunchi) might be helpful in getting along with the supporters. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between cultural orientation, Nunchi, and interpersonal relationships with adolescent athletes. With this aim, we surveyed 462 Korean adolescent athletes. Measurement tools comprised questionnaires on cultural orientation, Nunchi, and interpersonal relationships-including coach-athlete, sports friendships, and parent-adolescent-designed to match the research purpose. We analyzed the data using structural equation modeling. Our results are as follows: first, we verified that collectivism is positively related to Nunchi, and Nunchi is positively associated with interpersonal relationships. But we did not verify that individualism is related to Nunchi. Second, in our final model, excluding individualism, Nunchi showed a mediation effect on the association between collectivism and interpersonal relationships. In conclusion, Korean athletes with high collectivism will be positively related to interpersonal relationships through Nunchi. Additionally, we discussed the issues of culture in sport and exercise psychology.Los aspectos culturales y sus relaciones con los seguidores deportivos son importantes para los atletas adolescentes. Otras habilidades de comunicación o percepción (e.g., Nunchi) pueden ser útiles para llevarse bien con los hinchas. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar la asociación entre la orientación cultural, Nunchi, y las relaciones interpersonales con atletas adolescentes. Con este objetivo, hemos encuestado a 462 atletas adolescentes coreanos. Las herramientas de medición comprendían cuestionarios sobre orientación cultural, Nunchi y relaciones interpersonales -incluidos el entrenador-atleta, las amistades deportivas y los padres-adolescentes- diseñados para cumplir con el propósito de la investigación. Los datos se analizaron mediante el uso de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Nuestros resultados son los siguientes: primero, verificamos que el colectivismo está positivamente relacionado con Nunchi, y que Nunchi está positivamente asociado con las relaciones interpersonales. Pero no verificamos que el individualismo esté relacionado con Nunchi. En segundo lugar, en nuestro modelo final, excluyendo el individualismo, Nunchi mostró un efecto de mediación sobre la asociación entre colectivismo y relaciones interpersonales. En conclusión, los atletas coreanos con alto colectivismo estarán positivamente relacionados con las relaciones interpersonales a través de Nunchi. Además, discutimos los temas de la cultura en el deporte y la psicología del ejercicio.Aspectos culturais e suas relações com os apoiadores sociais são importantes para os atletas adolescentes. Outras habilidades em comunicação ou percepção (por exemplo, Nunchi) podem ser úteis para se dar bem com os apoiadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a associação entre orientação cultural, Nunchi e relações interpessoais com atletas adolescentes. Com esse objetivo, foram pesquisados 462 atletas adolescentes coreanos. Os instrumentos de medição incluíam questionários sobre orientação cultural, Nunchi e relações interpessoais - incluindo treinador-atleta, amizades esportivas e pais-adolescente - projetados para corresponder ao objetivo da pesquisa. Analisamos os dados usando modelagem de equações estruturais. Nossos resultados são os seguintes: primeiro, verificamos que o coletivismo está positivamente relacionado ao Nunchi, e Nunchi está positivamente associado às relações interpessoais. Mas não verificamos que o individualismo está relacionado ao Nunchi. Em segundo lugar, em nosso modelo final, excluindo o individualismo, Nunchi mostrou um efeito de mediação na associação entre coletivismo e relações interpessoais. Em conclusão, os atletas coreanos com alto coletivismo estarão positivamente relacionados às relações interpessoais através do Nunchi. Além disso, discutimos as questões da cultura no esporte e na psicologia do exercício

Development of a coupled reactor with a catalytic combustor and steam reformer for a 5 kW solid oxide fuel cell system

The methane (CH4) conversion rate of a steam reformer can be increased by thermal integration with a catalytic combustor, called a coupled reactor. In the present study, a 5 kW coupled reactor has been developed based on a 1 kW coupled reactor in previous work. The geometric parameters of the space velocity, diameter and length of the coupled reactor selected from the 1 kW coupled reactor are tuned and applied to the design of the 5 kW coupled reactor. To confirm the scale-up strategy, the performance of 5 kW coupled reactor is experimentally investigated with variations of operating parameters such as the fuel utilization in the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack, the inlet temperature of the catalytic combustor, the excess air ratio of the catalytic combustor, and the steam to carbon ratio (SCR) in the steam reformer. The temperature distributions of coupled reactors are measured along the gas flow direction. The gas composition at the steam reformer outlet is measured to find the CH4 conversion rate of the coupled reactor. The maximum value of the CH4 conversion rate is approximately 93.4%, which means the proposed scale-up strategy can be utilized to develop a large-scale coupled reactor. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.N

Operational characteristics of a planar steam reformer thermally coupled with a catalytic burner

High efficiency reforming is a key parameter of high temperature stationary fuel cell systems. In this study, a planar heat exchanger steam reformer (PHESR) was integrated with a catalytic combustor in order that the unused energy of the anode off-gas is delivered for heating and reforming. The PHESR was designed to use the anode off-gas of the externally reformed SOFC system because it has an efficiency problem. In the PHESR reactor, the heat is transferred from the catalytic burner to the reformer that has the smallest gradient of temperature difference between the two reactors. The thermal behaviors of the exothermic and endothermic reactions between the reactors were investigated experimentally. The parameters of the investigation were fuel utilization, inlet temperature, and air excess ratio. The comparison parameter was the volume fraction of hydrogen at the exit of the reforming side. The temperature gradients of two reactors were measured in the longitudinal direction. As expected, the temperature differences between the two reactors were crucial factors that required optimization. Furthermore, the geometric aspects between the finned and un-finned reactors were also investigated. The results demonstrate that the volume fraction of hydrogen at the exit is closely coupled with the geometric constraints and operating parameters. Copyright (c) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.N

The Scale Up Characteristics of a Catalytic Combustor With Flow Uniformity Analysis

Catalytic combustors are used as off-gas combustors of molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) because of their exhaust gas purity, geometric flexibility, and high combustion efficiency. In this study, a new design was investigated for possible application in internally reformed MCFC. The study started with performance analysis of a 5 kWe combustor, which could be precisely conducted due to availability of experimental apparatus. A 5 kWe combustor was used as a model combustor, and it was experimentally analyzed in terms of flow uniformity, catalyst screening, and reaction characteristics. The results show that the flow uniformity is able to reduce the exhaust gas concentration because temperature uniformity decreases the possibility of fuel slippages in locally lower temperature zones. As the capacity of the combustor is increased from 5 kWe to 25 kWe, the exhaust gas temperature at the same inlet condition as that of the 5 kWe combustor increases due to lower heat loss. As a result, the catalyst screening process shows different results due to higher operating temperatures, but three of four catalysts provide proper quality. On the other hand, flow uniformity improves economic competitiveness of the catalytic combustor. When the volume loading of catalytic monoliths was decreased, the performance was very similar to that of the original volume loading of catalytic monoliths.N

Programmable Synthesis of Biobased Materials Using Cell‐Free Systems

Motivated by the intricate mechanisms underlying biomolecule syntheses in cells that chemistry is currently unable to mimic, researchers have harnessed biological systems for manufacturing novel materials. Cell-free systems (CFSs) utilizing the bioactivity of transcriptional and translational machineries in vitro are excellent tools that allow supplementation of exogenous materials for production of innovative materials beyond the capability of natural biological systems. Herein, recent studies that have advanced the ability to expand the scope of biobased materials using CFS are summarized and approaches enabling the production of high-value materials, prototyping of genetic parts and modules, and biofunctionalization are discussed. By extending the reach of chemical and enzymatic reactions complementary to cellular materials, CFSs provide new opportunities at the interface of materials science and synthetic biology. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.11Nsciescopu

Cell-free Biosynthesis of Peptidomimetics

A wide variety of peptidomimetics (peptide analogs) possessing innovative biological functions have been brought forth as therapeutic candidates through cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems. A key feature of these peptidomimetic drugs is the use of non-canonical amino acid building blocks with diverse biochemical properties that expand functional diversity. Here, we summarize recent technologies leveraging CFPS platforms to expand the reach of peptidomimetics drugs. We also offer perspectives on engineering the translational machinery that may open new opportunities for expanding genetically encoded chemistry to transform drug discovery practice beyond traditional boundaries. © 2023, The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Springer.11Nsciescopuskc