194 research outputs found
Eccomi pronto : implementation of a Socio-Emotional Development curriculum in a South Korean elementary school
‘Eccomi Pronto’ (EP), an elementary school socio-emotional learning curriculum that
was originally developed and evaluated in Italy was translated in Korean and
implemented and evaluated in 4th grade classrooms of a primary school in South Korea.
Qualitative data from teachers indicated that EP improved the self-reflection and selfdirection
of students, resulted in pedagogically useful insights into the psychological
functioning of students, and enhanced the quality of teacher-student interaction.
However, statistically significant changes in students’ engaged, academic behavior (as
measured by an 8-item survey) were not noted. Teachers reported that the core of the EP
curriculum was appropriate for the South Korean educational context. Teachers also
recommended modifications in the follow-up learning activities to make these activities
more consistent with South Korean education practices.peer-reviewe
Read-only Prompt Optimization for Vision-Language Few-shot Learning
In recent years, prompt tuning has proven effective in adapting pre-trained
vision-language models to downstream tasks. These methods aim to adapt the
pre-trained models by introducing learnable prompts while keeping pre-trained
weights frozen. However, learnable prompts can affect the internal
representation within the self-attention module, which may negatively impact
performance variance and generalization, especially in data-deficient settings.
To address these issues, we propose a novel approach, Read-only Prompt
Optimization (RPO). RPO leverages masked attention to prevent the internal
representation shift in the pre-trained model. Further, to facilitate the
optimization of RPO, the read-only prompts are initialized based on special
tokens of the pre-trained model. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that RPO
outperforms CLIP and CoCoOp in base-to-new generalization and domain
generalization while displaying better robustness. Also, the proposed method
achieves better generalization on extremely data-deficient settings, while
improving parameter efficiency and computational overhead. Code is available at
https://github.com/mlvlab/RPO.Comment: Accepted at ICCV202
Inhibition of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase improves lung injury
BACKGROUND: Although in vitro studies have determined that the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases is crucial to the activation of transcription factors and regulation of the production of proinflammatory mediators, the roles of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in acute lung injury have not been elucidated. METHODS: Saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 6 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intratracheally with a 1-hour pretreatment with SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor; 30 mg/kg, IO), or PD98059 (an MEK/ERK inhibitor; 30 mg/kg, IO). Rats were sacrificed 4 hours after LPS treatment. RESULTS: SP600125 or PD98059 inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, total protein and LDH activity in BAL fluid, and neutrophil influx into the lungs. In addition, these MAP kinase inhibitors substantially reduced LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators, such as CINC, MMP-9, and nitric oxide. Inhibition of JNK correlated with suppression of NF-κB activation through downregulation of phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, while ERK inhibition only slightly influenced the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION: JNK and ERK play pivotal roles in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Therefore, inhibition of JNK or ERK activity has potential as an effective therapeutic strategy in interventions of inflammatory cascade-associated lung injury
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations at Maryland State Parks
Final project for Independent Study (Winter 2022). University of Maryland, College Park.Through their work with the National Center for Smart Growth at the University of Maryland (UMD), the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) and NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce commissioned this final report from the University’s Partnership for Action Learning in Sustainability (PALS). PALS works with local jurisdictions throughout Maryland to identify projects and problems that can be taught through university courses where students focus on developing innovative, research-based solutions. The Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations at Maryland State Parks project concentrated on providing advanced climate change impacts and adaptation graphics.
This includes an overall booklet and individual pages. If used, please provide credit to the UMD School of Architecture, Planning & Preservation.Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MDNR
Fine-Grained Socioeconomic Prediction from Satellite Images with Distributional Adjustment
While measuring socioeconomic indicators is critical for local governments to
make informed policy decisions, such measurements are often unavailable at
fine-grained levels like municipality. This study employs deep learning-based
predictions from satellite images to close the gap. We propose a method that
assigns a socioeconomic score to each satellite image by capturing the
distributional behavior observed in larger areas based on the ground truth. We
train an ordinal regression scoring model and adjust the scores to follow the
common power law within and across regions. Evaluation based on official
statistics in South Korea shows that our method outperforms previous models in
predicting population and employment size at both the municipality and grid
levels. Our method also demonstrates robust performance in districts with
uneven development, suggesting its potential use in developing countries where
reliable, fine-grained data is scarce
Adaptive Segmentation and Stitching on 8K UHD Video
Transmission technology is necessary to display contents stored on the Cloud server. When excessive compression is performed to the transmission of ultra-high resolution image, tangibility is reduced. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed an algorithm that divides the image into a number of sub-images. The sub-images were restored to the original one by stitching at the receiver. In the existing study, important objects were located at the center of the images, but an exception occurred when they are at the edge of the images. The saliency map was used to detect their main part so that the region of interest will not be divided. The images were divided depending on the position of saliency map. It is expected that users will be able to provide realistic signage by displaying ultra-high resolution images with a large screen
Large‐Scale, Ultrapliable, and Free‐Standing Nanomembranes
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97443/1/adma_201204619_sm_suppl.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97443/2/2167_ftp.pd
Effect of Dietary Beta-Glucan on the Performance of Broilers and the Quality of Broiler Breast Meat
A total of 400, one day-old commercial broiler chicks were divided into five diet groups (negative control, positive control group with 55 ppm Zn-bacitracin, 15 ppm β-glucan, 30 ppm β-glucan, and 60 ppm β-glucan) and fed for six weeks. Ten broilers were allotted to each of 40 floor pens. Eight floor pens were randomly assigned to one of the 5 diets. Each diet was fed to the broilers for 6 weeks with free access to water and diet. The survival rate, growth rate, feed efficiency, and feed conversion rate of the broilers were calculated. At the end of the feeding trial, the birds were slaughtered, breast muscles deboned, and quality parameters of the breast meat during storage were determined. The high level of dietary β-glucan (60 ppm) showed better feed conversion ratio and survival rate than the negative control. The survival rate of 60 ppm β-glucan-treated group was the same as that of the antibiotic-treated group, which showed the highest survival rate among the treatments. There was no significant difference in carcass yield, water holding capacity, pH, color, and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of chicken breast meat among the 5 treatment groups. Supplementation of 60 ppm β-glucan to broiler diet improved the survival rate and feed conversion rate of broilers to the same level as 55 ppm Zn-bacitracin group. The result indicated that use of β-glucan (60 ppm) can be a potential alternative to antibiotics to improve the survival and performance of broilers. However, dietary β-glucan showed no effects on the quality parameters of chicken breast meat
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