Mobile Health App for Adolescents: Motion Sensor Data and Deep Learning Technique to Examine the Relationship Between Obesity and Walking Patterns

With the prevalence of obesity in adolescents, and its long-term influence on their overall health, there is a large body of research exploring better ways to reduce the rate of obesity. A traditional way of maintaining an adequate body mass index (BMI), calculated by measuring the weight and height of an individual, is no longer enough, and we are in need of a better health care tool. Therefore, the current research proposes an easier method that offers instant and real-time feedback to the users from the data collected from the motion sensors of a smartphone. The study utilized the mHealth application to identify participants presenting the walking movements of the high BMI group. Using the feedforward deep learning models and convolutional neural network models, the study was able to distinguish the walking movements between nonobese and obese groups, at a rate of 90.5%. The research highlights the potential use of smartphones and suggests the mHealth application as a way to monitor individual health

Tracing oncogene-driven remodelling of the intestinal stem cell niche.

Interactions between tumour cells and the surrounding microenvironment contribute to tumour progression, metastasis and recurrence1-3. Although mosaic analyses in Drosophila have advanced our understanding of such interactions4,5, it has been difficult to engineer parallel approaches in vertebrates. Here we present an oncogene-associated, multicolour reporter mouse model-the Red2Onco system-that allows differential tracing of mutant and wild-type cells in the same tissue. By applying this system to the small intestine, we show that oncogene-expressing mutant crypts alter the cellular organization of neighbouring wild-type crypts, thereby driving accelerated clonal drift. Crypts that express oncogenic KRAS or PI3K secrete BMP ligands that suppress local stem cell activity, while changes in PDGFRloCD81+ stromal cells induced by crypts with oncogenic PI3K alter the WNT signalling environment. Together, these results show how oncogene-driven paracrine remodelling creates a niche environment that is detrimental to the maintenance of wild-type tissue, promoting field transformation dominated by oncogenic clones.Royal Societ

Correction to: PiggyBac mutagenesis and exome sequencing identify genetic driver landscapes and potential therapeutic targets of EGFR-mutant gliomas

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article

Defining the Identity and Dynamics of Adult Gastric Isthmus Stem Cells.

The gastric corpus epithelium is the thickest part of the gastrointestinal tract and is rapidly turned over. Several markers have been proposed for gastric corpus stem cells in both isthmus and base regions. However, the identity of isthmus stem cells (IsthSCs) and the interaction between distinct stem cell populations is still under debate. Here, based on unbiased genetic labeling and biophysical modeling, we show that corpus glands are compartmentalized into two independent zones, with slow-cycling stem cells maintaining the base and actively cycling stem cells maintaining the pit-isthmus-neck region through a process of "punctuated" neutral drift dynamics. Independent lineage tracing based on Stmn1 and Ki67 expression confirmed that rapidly cycling IsthSCs maintain the pit-isthmus-neck region. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis is used to define the molecular identity and lineage relationship of a single, cycling, IsthSC population. These observations define the identity and functional behavior of IsthSCs.Wellcome Trust Royal Societ

Correction to: PiggyBac mutagenesis and exome sequencing identify genetic driver landscapes and potential therapeutic targets of EGFR-mutant gliomas.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article

Investigation of detectability of amphiphilic gold dimer nanoparticle : Influence of Quantum effects and PMMA

Due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which is a peculiar optical phenomenon of metal nanoparticle, gold nanoparticle was used for various types of applications, including photocatalyst, optoelectronics, sensing system. In focusing on the sensing application, we investigate the role of three quantum effects (i.e., intrinsic size effect, non-local effect, and electron tunneling effect) and PMMA for the detectability (i.e., detection accuracy and sensitivity) of self-assembled amphiphilic gold nanoparticle. We employed the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method. Although influences of quantum effects and grafted polymer-brush shell are very much essential issues for the precision of the sensor system, there are no reports considering about these points. Our results indicated that quantum effects and polymer-brush shell reduced the detectability of gold nanoparticle. Especially, the electron tunneling effect becomes crucial role in the dimer structure. For high sensing capability of self-assembled gold nanoparticle, effects of the gold nanoparticle core size, polymer-brush shell thickness, and distance of gold nanoparticle cores in dimer structure have been considered

CNN-Based Adaptive Source Node Identifier for Controller Area Network (CAN)

The controller area network (CAN) is the de facto standard for in-vehicle networks. Numerous vehicles are equipped with a CAN for the networking of electronic control units. Since the CAN has no intrinsic secured identification protocol, however, it is vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, we propose a convolution neural network (CNN)-based message source identifier. Since the proposed scheme uses the physical characteristics of the CAN bus channel, it can be implemented without modification of the CAN protocol.1

Role of PMMA in Amphiphilic Polymer Brush for Optimal Increase of Absorbance in Dimer Gold Nanoparticle

We studied the self-assembled amphiphilic gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) by the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The polymer brushes, which are grafted on Au core, consists of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). For Au-NP, constituent beads, which are building blocks of DPD representing groups of atoms, molecules, and fractions of polymers, have been systematically modeled in coarse-graining manner. The most efficient Au-NP dimer model for sensing has been found in terms of the size of Au core, the thickness of the polymers, and the distance of Au cores in dimer. It was found that Au core became the largest when the amounts of amphiphilic polymers were roughly same and in the range of dimerization condition that we found, dimer distance was closest when PMMA is less compared to PEG. This study unveil that the unseen distributions of polymers and Au cores, which are hard to distinguish in experiment, affect to the dimerization for the sensing capability