THE KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF 500M SPRINT START IN 2005 WORLD SHORT TRACK SPEED SKATING CHAMPIONSHIP

A field study was performed attempting a kinematic estimation for six female foreign skaters, who participated in the 500m female final round competition. The three dimensional motion analysis with DLT method was executed using four video cameras for analyzing the actual competition situation. The following conclusions are drawn; the elapsed time by phase in start motion of the foreign skaters appeared shorter than those of Korean skaters, so the start training of Korean skaters should be strengthened. Also the displacement of COG in the foreign skaters appeared shorter than those of Korean skaters. The velocity of COG and maximum velocity of skate blade of foreign skaters are faster than those of Korean skaters. And the foreign skaters showed the superior early velocity change

A KINEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TAEKWONDO APCHAGI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematical characteristics of Apchagi in Taekwondo kicking motion using the techniques of three dimensional cinematographic techniques. Four college athletes were selected as subjects. After analyzing Apchgi motion, it is concluded the followings. In performing Apchagi, the average time was 0.61 ± 0.02 seconds and the center of body moved right-left (X-axis) 3.7 ± 0.8 cm, forward-back (Y-axis) 46.1 ± 4.5 cm, up-down (Z-axis) 14.4 ± 2.4 cm. Y-axis movement showed the biggest scale among these three direction variances because it need to move the body forward to kick the target. In preparing the motion, pelvic angle showed 150.9 ± 1.05° and in kicking motion 118.5 ± 1.28°. Knee's angle was 71.0 ± 1.33° in f1exion motion. On the other hand, Ankle angle was 113.2 ± 1.73° for preparing the motion and 136.1 ± 4.16° for taking off motion. For flexion phase it increased up to 162.1 ± 5.85° and decreased to 150.9 ± 3.50° in kicking motion

PLANTAR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF ALPINE AND BOARDERCROSS SNOWBOARDERS’ CARVING TURNS

Plantar pressure distribution analysis of alpine and boarder-cross snowboarders’ carving turn was performed to provide instructors and snowboarders with scientific and quantitative data for evaluation of the turn. Snowboarders from Korean National Team for 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics were chosen as subjects. To allow on-snow measurements of plantar pressure distribution, the boots were outfitted with pressure sensitive insoles. The carving turn section was divided into 5 events and 4 phases of which force, maximum pressure, and plantar contact area were analyzed. Comprehensive kinematical analysis was conducted which indicated the major features of pressure distribution in two different sporting events. The proposed results can be used as a reference for improvement of the training method in snowboarding

Adaptive Navigation Control for Swarms of Autonomous Mobile Robots

This paper was devoted to developing a new and general coordinated adaptive navigation scheme for large-scale mobile robot swarms adapting to geographically constrained environments. Our distributed solution approach was built on the following assumptions: anonymity, disagreement on common coordinate systems, no pre-selected leader, and no direct communication. The proposed adaptive navigation was largely composed of four functions, commonly relying on dynamic neighbor selection and local interaction. When each robot found itself what situation it was in, individual appropriate ranges for neighbor selection were defined within its limited sensing boundary and the robots properly selected their neighbors in the limited range. Through local interactions with the neighbors, each robot could maintain a uniform distance to its neighbors, and adapt their direction of heading and geometric shape. More specifically, under the proposed adaptive navigation, a group of robots could be trapped in a dead-end passage,but they merge with an adjacent group to emergently escape from the dead-end passage. Furthermore, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed strategy using our in-housesimulator. The simulation results clearly demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is a simple yet robust approach to autonomous navigation of robot swarms in highlyclutteredenvironments. Since our algorithm is local and completely scalable to any size, it is easily implementable on a wide variety of resource-constrained mobile robots andplatforms. Our adaptive navigation control for mobile robot swarms is expected to be used in many applications ranging from examination and assessment of hazardous environments to domestic applications

Analysis and Tests of the Behavior of an Underwater Acoustic Horizontal Array Platform

Most underwater acoustic arrays for low frequency operation are deployed vertically, but a mid-range frequency horizontal array system is being developed by the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO). The horizontal array platform is deployed underwater and kept in place by weather vaning mooring. This is essential because it is nearly impossible to keep a submerged body at a given position in the water without any external force. Hence, the horizontal array platform can maintain the desired position in the presence of a weak tidal current. The objective of this study is to design an underwater platform that can maintain its horizontal position in a weak current. First, the authors investigated various virtual models, selected one of the models, and performed a small model test of the selected model at a basin. We calculated the external forces associated with the 2D motion, and then we conducted a large basin test followed by a circulation water channel test for the manufactured array platform. The results of the simplified 2D motion calculation essentially matched the results of the underwater test

Nucleotide sequence analyses of the MRP1 gene in four populations suggest negative selection on its coding region

BACKGROUND: The MRP1 gene encodes the 190 kDa multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) and effluxes diverse drugs and xenobiotics. Sequence variations within this gene might account for differences in drug response in different individuals. To facilitate association studies of this gene with diseases and/or drug response, exons and flanking introns of MRP1 were screened for polymorphisms in 142 DNA samples from four different populations. RESULTS: Seventy-one polymorphisms, including 60 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ten insertions/deletions (indel) and one short tandem repeat (STR) were identified. Thirty-four of these polymorphisms have not been previously reported. Interestingly, the STR polymorphism at the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) occurs at high but different frequencies in the different populations. Frequencies of common polymorphisms in our populations were comparable to those of similar populations in HAPMAP or Perlegen. Nucleotide diversity indices indicated that the coding region of MRP1 may have undergone negative selection or recent population expansion. SNPs E10/1299 G>T (R433S) and E16/2012 G>T (G671V) which occur at low frequency in only one or two of four populations examined were predicted to be functionally deleterious and hence are likely to be under negative selection. CONCLUSION: Through in silico approaches, we identified two rare SNPs that are potentially negatively selected. These SNPs may be useful for studies associating this gene with rare events including adverse drug reactions

COMPARISON OF GAIT ANALYSIS BETWEEN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS PATIENTS AND AGE MATCHED CONTROLS

The purpose of this study was to compare kinematic variables and surface EMG values between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients and age matched controls during a gait. Six male patients and five male healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Six cameras were used for 3D motion capture and selected joint angles were computed. Eight pairs of surface EMG electrodes were placed on latissimus dorsi, psoas, glutaeus medius, and biceps femoris. Results revealed that the scoliosis patients showed smaller hip joint angles compared to the values of the controls and vice versa for the trunk tilting angle. Small EMG activity of latissimus dorsi also found from the patient group. This meant that the scoliosis clearly influenced to the abnormal posture during a gait. Such results may be helpful to develop rehabilitation exercise or device

Increase of Ceftazidime- and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Imipenem-Resistant Acinetobacter spp. in Korea: Analysis of KONSAR Study Data from 2005 and 2007

PURPOSE: Antimicrobial resistance monitoring could be a useful source of information for treating and controlling nosocomial infections. We analyzed antimicrobial resistance data generated by Korean Hospitals and by a commercial laboratory in 2005 and 2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Susceptibility data for 2005 and 2007 were collected from 37 and 41 hospitals, respectively, and from one commercial laboratory. Intermediate susceptibility was not included in the calculation of resistance rates. RESULTS: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (64%), third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (29%), fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (27%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33%), and Acinetobacter spp. (48%), and amikacin-resistant P. aeruginosa (19%) and Acinetobacter spp. (37%) were prevalent in hospitals in 2007. A gradual increase of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. was observed. Higher incidences of thirdgeneration cephalosporin-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae and imipenemresistant P. aeruginosa were found in the commercial laboratory than in the hospitals. CONCLUSION: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, third-generation cephalosporin- resistant K. pneumoniae, and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. remain prevalent in Korea, while the incidence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. has increased gradually. The higher prevalences of third-generation cephalosporinresistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in the commercial laboratory are a new concern.ope

Effect of Long-Term Dietary Arginyl-Fructose (AF) on Hyperglycemia and HbA1c in Diabetic db/db Mice

We have previously reported that Amadori compounds exert anti-diabetic effects by lowering sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present study we extended our recent findings to evaluate whether α-glucosidase inhibitor arginyl-fructose (AF) lowers blood glucose level in diabetic db/db mice, a genetic model for type 2 diabetes. The db/db mice were randomly assigned to high-carbohydrate diets (66.1% corn starch) with and without AF (4% in the diet) for 6 weeks. Changes in body weight, blood glucose level, and food intake were measured daily for 42 days. Dietary supplementation of AF resulted in a significant decrease of blood glucose level (p \u3c 0.001) and body weight (p \u3c 0.001). The level of HbA1c, a better indicator of plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time, was also significantly decreased for 6-week period (p \u3c 0.001). Dietary treatment of acarbose® (0.04% in diet), a positive control, also significantly alleviated the level of blood glucose, HbA1c, and body weight. These results indicate that AF Maillard reaction product improves postprandial hyperglycemia by suppressing glucose absorption as well as decreasing HbA1c level

Effect of Long-Term Dietary Arginyl-Fructose (AF) on Hyperglycemia and HbA1c in Diabetic \u3cem\u3edb/db\u3c/em\u3e Mice

We have previously reported that Amadori compounds exert anti-diabetic effects by lowering sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in normal Sprague-Dawley rats. In the present study we extended our recent findings to evaluate whether α-glucosidase inhibitor arginyl-fructose (AF) lowers blood glucose level in diabetic db/db mice, a genetic model for type 2 diabetes. The db/db mice were randomly assigned to high-carbohydrate diets (66.1% corn starch) with and without AF (4% in the diet) for 6 weeks. Changes in body weight, blood glucose level, and food intake were measured daily for 42 days. Dietary supplementation of AF resulted in a significant decrease of blood glucose level (p \u3c 0.001) and body weight (p \u3c 0.001). The level of HbA1c, a better indicator of plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time, was also significantly decreased for 6-week period (p \u3c 0.001). Dietary treatment of acarbose® (0.04% in diet), a positive control, also significantly alleviated the level of blood glucose, HbA1c, and body weight. These results indicate that AF Maillard reaction product improves postprandial hyperglycemia by suppressing glucose absorption as well as decreasing HbA1c level