Non-linearities and unit roots in G7 macroeconomic variables

We carry out a meta-analysis on the frequency of unit-roots in macroeconomic time series with a dataset covering 249 variables for the G7 countries. We use linear tests and the three popular non-linear tests (TAR, ESTAR and Markov Switching). In general, the evidence in favour of the random walk hypothesis is weaker than in previous studies. This evidence against unit roots is stronger for real and nominal asset prices. Our results show that rejection of the null of a unit root in the macro dataset is substantially higher for non-linear than linear models. Finally, the results from a Monte Carlo experiment show that rejection frequencies are very close to the nominal size of the test when the DGP is a linear unit root process. This leads us to reject the hypothesis that overfitting deterministic components explains the higher rejection frequencies of nonlinear tests

Forecast analysis of optical waveguide bus performance

Elements to be considered in the design of a data bus include: architecture; data rate; modulation, encoding, detection; power distribution requirements; protocol, work structure; bus reliability, maintainability; interterminal transmission medium; cost; and others specific to application. Fiber- optic data bus considerations for a 32 port transmissive star architecture, are discussed in a tutorial format. General optical-waveguide bus concepts, are reviewed. The electrical and optical performance of a 32 port transmissive star bus, and the effects of temperature on the performance of optical-waveguide buses are examined. A bibliography of pertinent references and the bus receiver test results are included

Interpreting the Hours-Technology time-varying relationship

We investigate the time varying relation between hours and technology shocks using a structural business cycle model. We propose an RBC model with a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function that allows for capital- and labor-augmenting technology shocks. We estimate the model with Bayesian techniques. In the full sample, we find (i) evidence in favor of a less than unitary elasticity of substitution (rejecting Cobb-Douglas) and (ii) a sizable role for capital augmenting shock for business cycles fluctuations. In rolling sub-samples, we document that the transmission of technology shocks to hours worked has been varying over time. We argue that this change is due to the increase of the elasticity of factor substitution. That is, labor and capital became less complementary throughout the sample inducing a change in the sign and size of the response of hours. We conjecture that this change may have been induced by a change in the skill composition of the labor input.Hours Worked and Business Cycles, Bayesian Methods.

Smale flows on S2×S1\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{S}^1

In this paper, we use abstract Lyapunov graphs as a combinatorial tool to obtain a complete classification of Smale flows on $\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{S}^1$. This classification gives necessary and sufficient conditions that must be satisfied by an abstract Lyapunov graph in order for it to be associated to a Smale flow on $\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{S}^1$

'Gylbart off kynloth lande': The uninflected genitive and the group genitive in Older Scots

The present paper studies the genitive construction in Older Scots using the largest corpus available for this period: The Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots (LAOS). It focuses, on the one hand, on the uninflected genitive, analysing its frequency in the different contexts in which it is found and, on the other, on complex structures such as the split and the group genitive. The results are compared to those obtained for other varieties (Allen 1998, Myers 2009) in order to establish whether there are differences with respect to these constructions. The historical data obtained from LAOS are also used to test some of the theories and hypotheses formulated about the genitive, such as those proposed by Seppänen (1997) or Allen (1997).Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología FFI2011-2827

The Northern Subject Rule in first-person singular contexts in fourteenth-fifteenth-century Scots

The article focuses on the operation of the Northern Subject Rule in the firstperson singular in early Scots. It establishes that the first-person singular was under the scope of the NSR in the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries, with a near-categorical operation of the Proximity-to-Subject Constraint. In addition, it reveals the strength of this constraint, which in recent literature has generally been assumed to be less robust than the Type-of-Subject Constraint. A comparison with Northern Middle English suggests that Scots was more advanced in the operation of the NSR

Changes in progress in late Northumbrian: the extension of -s as genitive and plural marker

Some of the linguistic changes which are crucial in the history of English and have traditionally been ascribed to Middle English can already be observed in late Northumbrian. One of these changes is the extension of genitive singular -es from the a-stems to other noun classes. Another is the spread of nominative/accusative plural -as from the masculine a-stems to the neuters and to other declensions. The aim of this article is to establish the actual scale on which these two interparadigmatic analogical changes are found in the glosses to the Lindisfarne Gospels and to the Durham Collectar, both dating from the tenth century. The present study intends to shed more light on the process of morphological restructuring affecting the declensional system of late Northumbrian, and has three main aims: (a) to determine the pattern of dissemination of the innovative inflectional endings; (b) to establish which variables are significant in these analogical processes: declension, type and token frequency, grammatical context, Latin lemma, demarcation; and (c) to account for the different developmental tendencies of these two linguistic changes.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad FFI2017-88725-