Communicative Practices of Migrants in the Transnational Space

Th article is devoted to the analysis of intercultural global interaction in the format of transnational communication networks that migrants form, moving from the country of origin to the country of reception. The purpose of the article is to describe and analyze the phenomenon of the reproduction of ethnic identity in transnational spaces, where migrants mainly from Central Asian countries form new multicultural models of behavior based on their own cultural patterns and identities. The article emphasizes that cultural systems involve diverging, but overlapping of migrant groups’ patterns of behavior. Thus, the problem situation is determined by ignorance of the features of everyday communication and behavioral patterns adopted in different groups of migrants. The author analyzes various adaptation strategies of migrants, emphasizing that the choice of a particular strategy depends on the motivation of the migrant. The problem of migrant groups’ integration is identified in the article as state policy aimed not only at working with migrants in order to successfully include them in the host community, but also at interacting with the host community itself and the local population. Organizational, integration and financial resources spent on working with migrants will not be effectively used if we do not take into account the differences between ethnic migrant groups, which are identified, including in the particularities of communication practices and the construction of communicative transnational spaces. The research methodology includes the main components of a transnational approach, in the framework of which it is noted that the concept of “international migration”, which involves crossing borders, is losing its relevance. migrants more and more differ in socio-cultural characteristics, are oriented towards life in two or more societies, the development of transnational communities and the corresponding consciousness. In transnational communications, a special role belongs to diaspora communities. The main conclusion of the article is that the concept of transnational and translocal migration sets a new globalist perspective. The locality is being replaced by the process of translocality, and transmigrants belong to several localities at the same time and are included in more than one community. Keywords: transnational migrations, adaptation strategies, communication practices, transnational space The publication has been prepared with the support of the «RUDN University Program 5-100

Adapting agricultural water use to climate change in a post-Soviet context: challenges and opportunities in southeast Kazakhstan

The convergence of climate change and post-Soviet socio-economic and institutional transformations has been underexplored so far, as have the consequences of such convergence on crop agriculture in Central Asia. This paper provides a place-based analysis of constraints and opportunities for adaptation to climate change, with a specific focus on water use, in two districts in southeast Kazakhstan. Data were collected by 2 multi-stakeholder participatory workshops, 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews, and secondary statistical data. The present-day agricultural system is characterised by enduring Soviet-era management structures, but without state inputs that previously sustained agricultural productivity. Low margins of profitability on many privatised farms mean that attempts to implement integrated water management have produced water users associations unable to maintain and upgrade a deteriorating irrigation infrastructure. Although actors engage in tactical adaptation measures, necessary structural adaptation of the irrigation system remains difficult without significant public or private investments. Market-based water management models have been translated ambiguously to this region, which fails to encourage efficient water use and hinders adaptation to water stress. In addition, a mutual interdependence of informal networks and formal institutions characterises both state governance and everyday life in Kazakhstan. Such interdependence simultaneously facilitates operational and tactical adaptation, but hinders structural adaptation, as informal networks exist as a parallel system that achieves substantive outcomes while perpetuating the inertia and incapacity of the state bureaucracy. This article has relevance for critical understanding of integrated water management in practice and adaptation to climate change in post-Soviet institutional settings more broadly

INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION: RUSSIAN AND WORLD TRENDS

The article discusses the migration processes in a particular segment – intellectual migration. Intellectual emigration flows are analyzed over the past 20 years. There is also considered a complex combination of reasons and motives of migration, as well as the demand for scientists and specialists in international markets of intellectual labor. The author gives suggestions and recommendations for the implementation of special policy and regulations for intellectual migration

Развитие теоретических положений об адаптации и интеграции мигрантов

Recently, the terms “adaptation and integration of migrants” are often found in scientific and public literature. However, there is still no unified opinion and clear understanding of the essence and content of these concepts, their distinctive features, which negatively affects the formation and implementation of the state policy of adaptation and integration of migrants and requires development of theoretical provisions on these processes. The purpose of this article is to develop theoretical provisions on the adaptation and integration of migrants, as well as on the state policy of adaptation and integration, the formation of a holistic view of these phenomena and processes. The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of such concepts as adaptation of migrants, integration of migrants, state policy of adaptation and integration of foreign citizens. The author’s vision of these phenomena is also presented. In the course of the study, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis were used, as well as a systematic approach, methods of comparisons, etc. The conclusion of the article contains the main theoretical positions that form a systemic view on the adaptation and integration of migrants, the state policy of adaptation and integration, which create a holistic view on these processesВ последнее время в научной и публицистической литературе часто встречаются термины «адаптация мигрантов» и «интеграция мигрантов». Однако в среде ученых до сих пор не сложилось единого мнения и четкого представления о сути и содержании данных понятий, их отличительных чертах, что негативно сказывается на формировании и реализации государственной политики адаптации и интеграции мигрантов и требует развития теоретических положений об этих процессах. Целью данной статьи является развитие теоретических положений об адаптации и интеграции мигрантов, а также о государственной политике адаптации и интеграции, формирование целостного представления об этих явлениях и процессах. В статье проведено исследование на предмет теоретического осмысления понятий «адаптация мигрантов», «интеграция мигрантов», представлено авторское видение этих явлений. В ходе исследования использовались общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза, а также системный подход, методы сравнений и др. Вывод статьи содержит предложение о применении авторских теоретических положений в государственной миграционной политик