En camino al 98: Cánovas y el problema económico de Cuba (1878-1881)

In 1878 the Cuban economy faced serious difficulties. The devastation caused by the first war of independence was aggravated by the negative trend affecting Cuba's staples in the international market. These economic problems ranked high among those that the Spanish administration was excepted to addres at the time, in introducing reforms in the colonial regime. The author analyzes the policy that the Spanish government adopted.En 1878, la economía cubana enfrentaba serias dificultades, A las devastaciones de la primera guerra independentista se unían tendencias muy desfavorables para la realización de los principales productos de la isla en el mercado internacional. Entre las reformas que se esperaba introduciría España en su régimen colonial figuraban las que debían aportar soluciones a los problemas económicos de Cuba. El trabajo analiza la política seguida por el gobierno español ante dicha situación

Estudios de replicación, pre-registros y ciencia abierta en Psicología

En los últimos años, la Psicología ha sufrido una crisis de confianza. Esta crisis, marcada por la evidencia de que una gran parte de los efectos científicos publicados en la literatura no eran replicables, tiene varias causas: primero, la existencia de sistema inadecuado de incentivos en la carrera investigadora; segundo, un uso extendido de prácticas cuestionables de investigación; tercero, la ausencia de métodos de control de dichas prácticas y buena praxis investigadora (principalmente, pre-registros, estudios de réplica y protocolos de ciencia abierta). Este artículo presenta, de forma novedosa en castellano, una revisión exhaustiva de dichas causas y de las soluciones propuestas por la comunidad científica. Por último, se ofrece una propuesta de adaptación de estas soluciones al currículum académico de estudiantes de Psicología. Para ello, se introduce un sistema de aprendizaje basado en proyectos de investigación mediante estudios de réplica que incluyen protocolos de pre-registro y uso de ciencia abierta.Over the last years, Psychology has experienceda “confidence crisis”. This crisis, prompted by the inability to replicate a significant proportion of scientific published effects, has several causes: First, the existence of an inadequate system of incentives to progress in the academic career. Second, the extensive use of questionable research practices. Third, the limited use of good scientific praxis methods that could control the later (i.e., pre-registered and replication studies and open science frameworks). This article features an exhaustive review in Spanish of both, the aforementioned causes and solutions proposed by the scientific community as of yet. Lastly, a proposal for introducing these solutions in the academic curriculum of psychology students is presented. Accordingly, a project-based learning built on replication studies, including pre-registered protocols and open science usage, is proposed.Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia y Deporte FPU15/03246Comisión Europe

Spanish adaptation of the Intensified Job Demands Scale (IDS)

Background: The Intensification of Job Demands Scale (IDS) is a multidimensional instrument designed to capture the phenomenon of work intensification that characterizes modern Western societies. However, in Spain the instrument has not been validated to assess this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IDS adaptation with a heterogeneous sample of Spanish workers. Method: The sample consisted of 722 Spanish workers (57.8% female, 42.2% male) who completed a survey between January and April 2022. Results: A five-factor correlated model, as in the original IDS, had an optimal fit with 15 items, and displayed invariance across gender, level of education, and organizational tenure. Reliability coefficients were all satisfactory, and scale adaptation showed evidence of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Conclusions: The Spanish adaptation of the IDS is a valid, reliable measure for analyzing the phenomenon of work intensification and intensified job demands in SpainThis study was funded by the Ministerio de Universidades de España. Subprograma Estatal de Movilidad, del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017- 2020 [ref. CAS21/00113], and by an I+D+I National Project of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-106368GB-I00) AEI/10.13039/50110001103

Psychometric properties of the Spanish validation of the children's empathic attitudes questionnaire (CEAQ)

The prevalence of antisocial behavior in school settings is still discouraging. Students that often engage in aggressive acts may lack in the ability to appreciate the emotional consequences of their behaviors and share others’ emotions. The Children’s Empathic Attitudes Questionnaire (CEAQ) is one of the questionnaires used to assess empathy in children and early adolescents. This study is aimed to validate the Spanish version of CEAQ. The sample comprised 297 children (50% males), aged from 7 to 12 years (M = 9.53, SD = 1.2), from Madrid. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an excellent fit for a unidimensional model, χ2(89) = 110.702, p = .059; CFI = .972; RMSEA = .029, 95% CI [.000, .045]. Multigroup invariance analysis showed no significant gender-related differences in all levels. Results also referred an acceptable reliability (ω = .824, r = .610). These results provide psychometric support for the use of the Spanish version of CEAQ as a valid and reliable instrument to assess empathy in children and youth population, especially for school-based intervention

Gallegos por esclavos (proyecto de migración de gallegos a Cuba de Urbano Feijoo y Sotomayor, mediados del siglo XIX)

Peer reviewe