La pédagogie, levier de professionnalisation pour les écoles de la deuxième chance ?

Cet article analyse le processus de professionnalisation inachevé, en œuvre dans les E2C (écoles de la deuxième chance) de Champagne-Ardenne. L’analyse revient sur les leviers mis en place afin d’accompagner et d’harmoniser les pratiques des formateurs, tant d’un point de vue organisationnel que de celui de l’offre de formation continue et d’expérimentation pédagogique. Nous montrerons que l’évolution de l’organisation pédagogique par projet induit des nouvelles pratiques pour l’établissement et pour ses formateurs.This article analyses the unfinished profesionalization process in Champagne-Ardenne second chance schools (E2C). The analysis focuses on the reflexions and the actions to guide and standardize the trainer’s practices. This means evolution in terms of work organization, training of trainers’ and pedagogical testing. We argue that the evolution of the organization of the pedagogical project leads to new practices for both the school and the trainers.Dieser Artikel analysiert den noch nicht abgeschlossenen Professionalisierungsprozess in den E2C (Schulen der zweiten Chance) in der Region Champagne-Ardenne. Die Analyse befasst sich mit den Hebeln, die zur Unterstützung und Harmonisierung der Praktiken von Ausbildern eingeführt wurden, und zwar sowohl aus organisatorischer Sicht als auch aus der Sicht des Weiterbildungsangebots und pädagogischen Experimentierens. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die an Lernprojekten ausgerichtete Pädagogik neue Vorgehensweisen für die Ausbildungsstätte und ihre Lehrkräfte impliziert.Este artículo analiza el proceso de profesionalización inconcluso en marcha en las E2C (Escuelas de segunda oportunidad) de la región Champagne-Ardenne. El análisis vuelve sobre las palancas implementadas para acompañar y armonizar las prácticas de los formadores, tanto desde un punto de vista organizacional como del de la oferta de formación continua y de experimentación pedagógica. Mostraremos que la evolución de la organización pedagógica por proyecto induce nuevas prácticas para el establecimiento y para sus formadores

Leaf concentrate compared with skimmed milk as nutritional supplementation for HIV-infected children:a randomized controlled trial in Burundi

AbstractObjectiveThe effectiveness of leaf concentrate powder (LCP) as a nutritional supplement was established in trials conducted among adolescent girls and pregnant women in India. Here we evaluate LCP, compared with skimmed milk powder (SMP), as a supplement for antiretroviral-naïve children living with HIV in a sub-Saharan African country.DesignRandomized controlled, two-arm, 6-month trial comparing effects of isoproteic (5 g) LCP (10 g daily) and SMP (15 g daily) on HIV-1 viral load, CD4+cell count/percentage, weight/height-for-age, general blood parameters, diarrhoea, respiratory and HIV-related opportunistic infections.SettingBujumbura and Kirundo, Burundi.SubjectsEighty-three HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naïve children aged 5–14 years: median (range) CD4+count, 716 (361–1690) cells/mm3; log10HIV-1 viral load, 4·39 (1·79–6·00).ResultsLCP was equivalent to SMP in relation to HIV-specific blood parameters and did not demonstrate superiority over SMP in relation to Hb. Three children in each arm (LCP, 7·1 % (3/42); SMP, 7·3 % (3/41)) proceeded to antiretroviral therapy because their CD4+counts fell below 350 cells/mm3. Children in the LCP group reported higher levels of appetite and overall health at 6 months. There were no differences in clinical events or any other outcome measures. LCP was less palatable than SMP to the children in this population, but there were few negative perceptions of appearance, texture and taste.ConclusionsLCP appears to be equivalent to SMP as a nutritional supplement in this population, despite slightly lower palatability. In relation to viral load and CD4+count, equivalence may indicate no effect in either group. Effectiveness relative to no supplementation remains to be determined.</jats:sec

Short-term supplementation of celecoxib-shifted butyrate production on a simulated model of the gut microbial ecosystem and ameliorated in vitro inflammation

Celecoxib has been effective in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders through inhibition of altered cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways. Despite the benefits, continuous administration may increase risk of cardiovascular events. Understanding microbiome-drug-host interactions is fundamental for improving drug disposition and safety responses of colon-targeted formulations, but little information is available on the bidirectional interaction between individual microbiomes and celecoxib. Here, we conducted in vitro batch incubations of human faecal microbiota to obtain a mechanistic proof-of-concept of the short-term impact of celecoxib on activity and composition of colon bacterial communities. Celecoxib-exposed microbiota shifted metabolic activity and community composition, whereas total transcriptionally active bacterial population was not significantly changed. Butyrate production decreased by 50% in a donor-dependent manner, suggesting that celecoxib impacts in vitro fermentation. Microbiota-derived acetate has been associated with inhibition of cancer markers and our results suggest uptake of acetate for bacterial functions when celecoxib was supplied, which potentially favoured bacterial competition for acetyl-CoA. We further assessed whether colon microbiota modulates anti-inflammatory efficacy of celecoxib using a simplified inflammation model, and a novel in vitro simulation of the enterohepatic metabolism. Celecoxib was responsible for only 5% of the variance in bacterial community composition but celecoxib-exposed microbiota preserved barrier function and decreased concentrations of IL-8 and CXCL16 in a donor-dependent manner in our two models simulating gut inflammatory milieu. Our results suggest that celecoxib-microbiome-host interactions may not only elicit adaptations in community composition but also in microbiota functionality, and these may need to be considered for guaranteeing efficient COX-2 inhibition

Risk factors for sporadic listeriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Listeriosis is a major public health concern associated with high hospitalization and mortality rates. The objective of this work was to summarize evidence on the associations between risk factors and sporadic cases by meta-analysing outcomes from currently published case-control studies. Suitable scientific articles were identified through systematic literature search, and subjected to a methodological quality assessment. From each study, odds-ratio (OR) measures as well as study characteristics such as population type, design, type of model and risk factor hierarchy were extracted. Mixed-effects meta-analysis models were adjusted by population type to appropriate data partitions. Twelve primary studies investigating sporadic listeriosis conducted between 1985 and 2013 passed through a quality assessment stage. These studies provided 226 OR considered for meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, the main risk factor for acquiring listeriosis is suffering from an immunocompromising disease. In relation to the food exposures, this meta-analysis confirmed known risk factors such as consumption of RTE dairy, seafood and processed meat and underlined new food vehicles as fruits and vegetables, recently involved in outbreaks. There were not enough data to appraise travel, animal-contact and person-to-person as transmission pathways for listeriosis. These results will allow refining the case-control studies in the aim of improving risk factors characterisation for listeriosis in the susceptible population.U. Gonzales-Barron and V. Cadavez are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). U. Gonzales- Barron also thanks FCT, P.I., for the institutional scientific employment program.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

073: Very long-term effects of pacing therapy in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

The clinical value of DDD pacing as primary treatment of HOCM remains controversial. Very long-term data are lacking.Aimssingle-centre observational study aimed at describing the very long term effects on symptoms, clinical and echocardiographic outcomesPatients54 patients (59±14 years) with symptomatic (NYHA Class >2) drug-refractory HOCM implanted with a DDD pacemaker with or without defibrillator between 1991 and 2007 and followed up to 20 years (mean 11.5; range 0,4-21,8).Main resultsare summarised in table. No patient had myomectomy or septal ablation during follow-up (f/u). NYHA functional class and other symptoms were significantly improved at 1-2 years and at the end of f/u. Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient decreased by a mean of 78% at 1-2 years and 89% at end f/u consistent with SAM resolution. LV ejection fraction decreased over time with a mean value of 56% at end f/u without evidence of cavity dilatation. The actuarial survival rate was 90% at 5-yrs and 65% at 10-yrs. 24 patients died, 19 from non cardiac cause and 5 cardiovascular. 2 patients had heart transplant after 8 and 13yrs.ConclusionThe clinical and echocardiographic outcome of HOCM patients treated by DDD pacing seems favourable, inviting to re-evaluate the exact value of the therapy in further controlled studiesTable – Main results.Baseline3 months1-2 yearsEnd f/uP valueNYHA functional class, (%)<0,0001Grade 10313536Grade 243535957Grade 3521667Grade 45000Syncope/nearsyncope (%)76/482/22/22/2<0,0001Angina (%)57444<0,0001LVOT gradient (mmHg)79±3620±2411±158±21<0,0001SAM (%)96383016<0,0001LVEF (%)63,5±7,561±759±756±90,05LVEDD (%)47±5NANA43±120,3

Next generation of ALDH substrates and their potential to study maturational lineage biology in stem and progenitor cells

High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a feature of stem cells from normal and cancerous tissues and a reliable universal marker used to isolate them. There are numerous ALDH isoforms with preferred substrate specificity variably expressed depending on tissue, cell type, and organelle and cell status. On the other hand, a given substrate may be metabolized by several enzyme isoforms. Currently ALDH activity is evidenced by using Aldefluor, a fluorescent substrate likely to be metabolized by numerous ALDH isoforms. Therefore, isolation techniques based on ALDH activity detection select a heterogeneous population of stem or progenitor cells. Despite active research in the field, the precise role(s) of different ALDH isoforms in stem cells remains enigmatic. Understanding the metabolic role of different ALDH isoform in the control of stem cell phenotype and cell fate during development, tissue homeostasis, or repair, as well as carcinogenesis, should open perspectives to significant discoveries in tissue biology. In this perspective, novel ALDH substrates are being developed. Here we describe how new substrates could be instrumental for better isolation of cell population with stemness potential and for defining hierarchy of cell populations in tissue. Finally, we speculate on other potential applications

Regulatory function of the P295-T311 motif of the estrogen receptor α - does proteasomal degradation of the receptor induce emergence of peptides implicated in estrogenic responses?

The way in which estrogen receptor α (ERα) mediates gene transcription and hormone-dependent cancer cell proliferation is now being largely reconsidered in view of several recent discoveries. ERα-mediated transcription appears to be a cyclic and transient process where the proteasome - and thus receptor degradation - plays a pivotal role. In view of our recent investigations, which demonstrate the estrogenic activity of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a regulatory motif of the receptor (ERα17p), we propose that ERα proteasomal degradation could induce the emergence of regulatory peptide(s). The latter would function as a signal and contribute to the ERα activation process, amplifying the initial hormonal stimulation and giving rise to sustained estrogenic response