Lineages, Sub-Lineages and Variants of Enterovirus 68 in Recent Outbreaks

Enterovirus 68 (EV68) was first isolated in 1962. Very few cases of EV68 infection were described over the ensuing 40 years. However, in the past few years, an increase in severe respiratory tract infections associated with EV68 has been reported. We identified two clusters of EV68 infection in South London, UK, one each in the autumn/winters of 2009 and 2010. Sequence comparison showed significant homology of the UK strains with those from other countries including the Netherlands, Japan and the Philippines, which reported EV68 outbreaks between 2008 and 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of all available VP1 sequences indicated the presence of two modern EV68 lineages. The 2010 UK strains belonged to lineage 2. Lineage 1 could be further divided into two sub-lineages: some Japanese and Dutch strains collected between 2004 and 2010 form a distinct sub-lineages (sub-lineage 1.1), whereas other strains from the UK, Japan, Netherlands and Philippines collected between 2008 and 2010 represent sub-lineage 1.2. The UK 2009 strains together with several Dutch and Japanese strains from 2009/2010 represents one variant (1.2.1), whereas those from the Philippines a second variant (1.2.2). Based on specific deletions and substitutions, we suggest rules for the assignment of lineages and sub-lineages. Molecular epidemiological analysis indicates rapid recent evolution of EV68 and this may explain the recent findings of a global resurgence of EV68. Continuous global monitoring of the clinical and molecular epidemiology of EV68 is recommended

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Human Enterovirus Serotype 68 in Thailand, 2006–2011

BACKGROUND: Publications worldwide have reported on the re-occurrence of human enterovirus 68 (EV68), a rarely detected pathogen usually causing respiratory illness. However, epidemiological data regarding this virus in particular on the Asian continent has so far been limited. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: We investigated the epidemiology and genetic variability of EV68 infection among Thai children with respiratory illnesses from 2006-2011 (n = 1810). Semi-nested PCR using primer sets for amplification of the 5'-untranslated region through VP2 was performed for rhino-enterovirus detection. Altogether, 25 cases were confirmed as EV68 infection indicating a prevalence of 1.4% in the entire study population. Interestingly, the majority of samples were children aged >5 years (64%). Also, co-infection with other viruses was found in 28%, while pandemic H1N1 influenza/2009 virus was the most common co-infection. Of EV68-positive patients, 36% required hospitalizations with the common clinical presentations of fever, cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. The present study has shown that EV68 was extremely rare until 2009 (0.9%). An increasing annual prevalence was found in 2010 (1.6%) with the highest detection frequency in 2011 (4.3%). Based on analysis of the VP1 gene, the evolutionary rate of EV68 was estimated at 4.93 × 10(-3) substitutions/site/year. Major bifurcation of the currently circulating EV68 strains occurred 66 years ago (1945.31 with (1925.95-1960.46)95% HPD). Among the current lineages, 3 clusters of EV68 were categorized based on the different molecular signatures in the BC and DE loops of VP1 combined with high posterior probability values. Each cluster has branched off from their common ancestor at least 36 years ago (1975.78 with (1946.13-1984.97)95% HPD). CONCLUSION: Differences in epidemiological characteristic and seasonal profile of EV68 have been found in this study. Results from Bayesian phylogenetic investigations also revealed that EV68 should be recognized as a genetically diverse virus with a substitution rate identical to that of enterovirus 71 genotype B (4.2 × 10(-3 )s/s/y)

La métallurgie dans le bocage ornais ou l'échec d'un monopole

Lecherbonnier Yannick. La métallurgie dans le bocage ornais ou l'échec d'un monopole. In: Annales de Normandie, 38ᵉ année, n°2-3, 1988. Les entrepreneurs de Normandie du Maine et de l'Anjou à l'époque du Second Empire. pp. 181-185

Du moulin à l'usine. La production de papier dans le Perche

Lecherbonnier Yannick. Du moulin à l'usine. La production de papier dans le Perche. In: Cahier des Annales de Normandie n°24, 1992. Recueil d'études offert à Gabriel Désert. pp. 253-269

Dépasser le marasme

Lecherbonnier Bernard. Dépasser le marasme. In: Littérature, n°19, 1975. Enseigner le français. pp. 107-114

Architectures fromagères en pays d’Auge

Camemberts, livarots and pont-l’évêque are still largely part of the characterizing components of the pays d’Auge. Between Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives and Livarot, many hâloirs or cheese maturing rooms attest the importance of that bygone and often poorly documented agricultural production. A mere architectural examination of these buildings allows us nevertheless to determine which kind of cheese had been matured in which building. It gives us also a whole new perspective on the commonly received principles about the arrangement of the buildings, especially the setting of their apertures, and points the fact that the technical prescriptions from the 19th century that have been spread through the scientific societies have had no follow-up

Prise en charge thérapeutique des syndromes aortiques aigus avant l’arrivée au bloc opératoire

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analysis the getting of blood pressure and heart rate goals recommended for acute aortic syndrom (AAS). Methods: We realize a retrospective multicentric study, including 197 patients operated on for AAS from the first January 2012 to the 31 December 2017, in the Grenoble and Annecy hospitals. Results: During the initial management, median systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 128 mmHg and median heart rate (HR) was 72 bpm. Antihypertensive therapy was initiated on 12% of the patients before confirmation of the diagnosis, and on 54% of patients after. When patients reach the operating room, median SBP was 130 mmHg and median FC was 72 bpm. Nicardipine was the most often prescribed therapeutic (49%). Among the 165 patients who gave interpretable results for goals achievement, 6% were able to be treated and performed SBP and HR goals. On the contrary, 56% had been untreated without achieving them. Conclusion: The recommendations were insufficiently taken into account, for both goals achievement and used therapeutics. A prospective study would be able to better assess the pre-hospital AAS management.Introduction : Le but de notre étude est d’évaluer l’obtention des objectifs tensionnel et de fréquence cardiaque recommandés dans la prise en charge des syndromes aortiques aigus (SAA). Méthode : Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective multicentrique, en incluant 197 patients opérés d’un SAA entre le 1er janvier 2012 et le 31 décembre 2016, dans les centres hospitaliers d’Annecy et Grenoble. Nous avons évalué la prise en charge en accord avec les recommandations du Réseau nord alpin des urgences. Résultats : A la prise en charge initiale, la pression artérielle systolique (PAS) médiane était de 128 mmHg et la fréquence cardiaque (FC) médiane de 72 battements par minute. Un traitement antihypertenseur a été initié chez 12% des patients avant la confirmation du diagnostic et chez 54% des patients après confirmation. A l’arrivée au bloc opératoire, la PAS médiane était de 130 mmHg et la FC médiane de 72 battements par minute. La Nicardipine était le traitement le plus prescrit (49%). Parmi les 165 patients chez qui l’obtention des objectifs a pu être interprétée, 6% ont été traités et ont atteint les chiffres de PAS et FC cibles. A l’inverse, 56% ont été traités sans les atteindre. Conclusion : Les recommandations étaient insuffisamment appliquées, que ce soit au niveau de l’obtention des objectifs ou des thérapeutiques utilisées. Une étude prospective permettrait de mieux évaluer la prise en charge des SAA en pré-hospitalier

Moulins et industries dans la vallée de la Risle

Lecherbonnier Yannick. Moulins et industries dans la vallée de la Risle. In: Annales de Normandie, 32ᵉ année, n°3, 1982. Études sur le patrimoine industriel en Normandie. pp. 237-272

Encyclopédie et Société : de Bayle aux CD-Rom et DVD

Dans le précédent numéro de Communication et langages, Philippe Schuwer analysait en profondeur la situation de l'édition encyclopédique. Il constatait son état de crise. Dans l'article ci-dessous, Bernard Lecherbonnier retrace l'histoire de l'encyclopédisme depuis Bayle à Larousse pour en dégager les caractères constants. Il montre que chaque projet a été porté par un homme, soutenu par un concept et accordé à l'état de la société. Les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication apportent à l'encyclopédisme un surcroît de puissance. Mais le simple transfert des dictionnaires du support papier au support numérique ne suffira pas à faire le succès des TIC et à répondre à l'attente du public. Il est indispensable d'inventer à nouveau un projet qui reflète l'état de la société et surtout préfigure l'avenir que l'humanité, à l'ère du « monde fini », veut forger pour elle- même.Lecherbonnier Bernard. Encyclopédie et Société : de Bayle aux CD-Rom et DVD. In: Communication et langages, n°118, 4ème trimestre 1998. Dossier : La mondialisation en marche. pp. 27-37