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[...] Traité De L'Art De Fabriquer La Poudre À Canon, ... (-) [...] (Hauptband) ([3]) Cover ( - ) Vortitelblatt ([1]) Titelseite ([3]) Table Des Chapitres ([5]) Exposé Historique De L'Établissement Du Service Des Poudres Et Salpêtres En France (i) Tableaux Présentant Les Résultats Généraux Du Service Des Poudres Et Salpêtres ([1]r) Premier Tableau ([2]r) Deuxieme Tableau ([3]r) Troisiéme Tableau ([4]r) Quatrieme Tableau ([5]r) Cinquieme Tableau ([6]r) Sixième Tableau ([7]r) Septieme Tableau ([8]r) Huitième Tableau ([9]r) Neuvième et Dernier Tableau ([10]r) L'Art De Fabriquer La Poudre A Canon (1) Premiere Partie. Des Matieres (3) Chapitre Premier. Du salpêtre (3) Chapitre II. Du Charbon (120) Chapitre III. Du Soufre (153) Seconde Partie. Des Différents Procédés (189) Chapitre Premier. De la préparation des trois matières avant leur emploi à la frabrication de la poudre, ... (190) Chapitre II. De la poudre anguleuse, triturée et comprimée par les moulins à pilons, ... (207) Chapitre III. De la poudre anguleuse triturée par les tonneaux, mise ent galettes par les plateaux et les presses, ... (258) Chapitre IV. De la poudre anguleuse, triturée par les pilons, mise en galettes par les meules, ... (267) Chapitre V. De la poudre ronde, triturée et mise en pâte par les moulins ... (271) Chapitre VI. De la poudre ronde, triturée et mélangée par les tonneaux, mis en pâte par addition d'eau, ... (280) Chapitre VII. Des améliorations à faire dans les procédés de fabrication des poudres en France, ... (291) Chapitre VIII. De différentes poudres composèes avec des sels, ... (327) Chapitre IX. Des divers moyens d'éprouver la poudre pour en connaître la force (337) Chapitre X. De l'analyse de la poudre, et de la manière de réparer celle qui est avariée (359) Troisieme Partie. Des Ateliers, Machines et Ustensilles (375) Chapitre Premier. Fabrication du Salpêtre (376) Chapitre II. Confection du Charbon (403) Chapitre III. Epuration du Soufre (406) Chapitre IV. Préparations préalables des trois Matières (413) Chapitre V. Fabrication de la Poudre par les moulins à pilons (418) Chapitre VI. Fabrication de la Poudre par les tonneaux et les presses (495) Chapitre VII. Fabrication de la Poudre par les meules (501) Chapitre VIII. Fabrication de la Poudre ronde (506) Chapitre IX. Epreuve de diverses espèces de Poudre (509) Chapitre X. Des meilleures Dispositions à donner aux différents ateliers dans un grand établissement ... (524) Appendice (533

Stratégies d'acquisition de l'eau et société au Moyen-Orient depuis l'Antiquité

La quête de l’eau constitue un élément central de la vie des sociétés en milieu aride ou semi-aride. Pour maîtriser la production de ses aliments, l’homme a dû construire son terroir. L’adoption ou la découverte d’une technique d’acquisition de l’eau a chaque fois favorisé le développement de nouvelles stratégies de subsistance. Les aménagements hydrauliques se sont ainsi inscrits successivement dans le paysage. C’est ce que révèlent les différentes contributions réunies dans ce volume autour du thème de l’eau, tout en confirmant que bien des systèmes de grande ampleur ont été conçus par des communautés ou des groupes familiaux. Les réseaux de l’eau tracent de manière indiscutable la géographie sociale de ceux qui les ont mis en place. Leur gestion est un facteur de cohésion et de structuration sociale, un facteur de prestige aussi pour des personnages soucieux de s’affirmer, et parfois un moyen de contrôle et de domination pour le pouvoir. Les stratégies d’acquisition de l’eau nous apparaissent comme autant de facteurs de complexité et de hiérarchisation, qui peuvent changer les modes de vie et bouleverser les structures de la société.The search for water is essential to societies living in arid or semi-arid environments. Every time man tried to control his food production, he had to build up his own agricultural territory. The adoption or the discovery of a technique for water supply has always brought about the development of new survival strategies. Successive hydraulic installations have thus become part of the landscape. This is shown in the different contributions on water strategies put together in this publication, where it is also confirmed that large networks could have been created by communities or family groups. The water supply networks outline the social geography of those that installed them. Their management is an important factor for the cohesion and social structure of the communities, a prestige factor to individuals wishing to assert themselves, and sometimes even a tool for power. The strategies for the acquisition of water appear as so many factors of complexity and hierarchy that can change the ways of life and overturn the structures of the society

L’année 2021 dans tous ses états : une synthèse digérée

International audience5548 Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death by gynecological cancer. Complete surgery remains one of the main prognostic factors. Laparoscopic exploration is mandatory to assess surgical resectability at diagnosis or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, there is no clinical or biological marker that can correctly predict resectability and may be able to avoid a second laparoscopic exploration for initially unresectable diseases. Our aim was to assess circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) value as a predictive non-invasive marker of evolution towards resectability for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy. Methods: We explored in this work one of the secondary objectives of the CIDOC study (NCT03302884). CIDOC is a multicenter prospective study aiming to explore ctDNA value as early marker of disease relapse after first-line treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients with mucinous histology or early stages not requiring chemotherapy are excluded. Plasma samples are collected at diagnosis, during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and during follow-up. After DNA extraction, panel-based next generation sequencing is performed on both tumor samples and germline DNA, and somatic mutations of interest are selected for ctDNA monitoring. ctDNA analyses are conducted using droplet digital PCR (BioRad QX200) by measuring the variant allele fraction (VAF) of previously identified mutations. Results: This intermediary analysis has included 47 patients diagnosed between March 2017 and December 2019. Median age was 69 years old (48 – 84). Most of the patients had advanced disease (89.4% stage FIGO III or IV), serous histology (94.8%), and high grade tumor (92.3%). Most of the patients underwent complete interval cytoreductive surgery (76.3% vs 17.4% complete upfront surgery). Most of the tumors had TP53 mutations (85.1%), following by alterations involving DNA repair genes (38.3%). Median cell-free DNA concentration at baseline was 0.38 ng/µL (0 – 12.8). ctDNA was identified in 92.1% of patients at baseline with a median VAF of 1.84% (0 – 42.52%). ctDNA VAF was correlated to the peritoneal dissemination ( p= 0.039) assessed with the peritoneal cancer index. ctDNA clearance after preoperative chemotherapy tended to be correlated to achievement of complete interval surgery for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( p= 0.108). Conclusions: ctDNA may be a promising non-invasive marker to assess peritoneal cancer spreading and to predict surgical resectability after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. If confirmed in larger populations, this may enable to avoid additional surgical explorations for patients who remain ctDNA positive after chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT03302884

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old

Correction: Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

International audienc