Sentinel headache as a warning symptom of ischemic stroke

Background: There are no previous controlled studies of sentinel headache in ischemic stroke. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the presence of such headache, its characteristics and possible risk factors as compared to a simultaneous control group. Methods: Eligible patients (n = 550) had first-ever acute ischemic stroke with presence of new infarction on magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging (n = 469) or on computed tomography (n = 81). As a control group we studied in parallel patients (n = 192) who were admitted to the emergency room without acute neurological deficits or serious neurological or somatic disorders. Consecutive patients with stroke and a simultaneous control group were extensively interviewed soon after admission using validated neurologist conducted semi-structured interview forms. Based on our previous study of sentinel headache in transient ischemic attacks we defined sentinel headache as a new type of headache or a previous kind of headache with altered characteristics (severe intensity, increased frequency, absence of effect of drugs) within seven days before stroke. Results: Among 550 patients with stroke 94 patients (17.1%) had headache during seven days before stroke and 12 (6.2%) controls (p < 0.001; OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.7-5.8). Totally 81 patients (14.7%) had sentinel headache within the last week before stroke and one control. Attacks of arrythmia during seven days before stroke were significantly associated with sentinel headache (p = 0.04, OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.8). Conclusions: A new type of headache and a previous kind of headache with altered characteristics during one week before stroke are significantly more prevalent than in controls. These headaches represent sentinel headaches. Sudden onset of such headaches should alarm about stroke. © 2020 The Author(s)

Hydrolysate of ovalbumin: production and evaluation of the functional properties of peptides

Chicken eggs proteins and their derivatives, like protein hydrolysates, peptides and amino acids, possess high nutritional value and provide a wide range of biological activity. They serve as sources for development of functional ingredients that draw the attention of specialists in the food production and biomedical industries, as well as the livestock feed industry. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins is a popular process for obtaining bioactive peptides with multifunctional properties. The purpose of this study is to obtain a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with a high degree of hydrolysis and to determine its functional and technological parameters. The research presents a two-stage scheme of ovalbumin hydrolysis with the help of pepsin and trypsin which provide high degree of hydrolysis (82–83%). The fractional composition of the hydrolysate is determined. The fractional composition is represented by three main fractions (high, medium and low molecular weight). The summarized antioxidant activity (SAA) of the hydrolysate is considered within the dynamics of the hydrolysis process. The highest SAA value was noted after 2 hours, and it amounted to 170.23 mg/l; at the end of hydrolysis the SAA value was equal to 114.31 mg/l. When analyzing the SAA, it was found that the main contribution to the summarized antioxidant activity of the ovalbumin hydrolysate is made by peptides of the medium molecular fraction. The microfiltration process, used in the research, made it possible to separate high-molecular compounds, which led to an increase in the SAA of the hydrolysate to 189.9 mg/l. The main functional and technological parameters of the hydrolysate are determined in this research. The comprehensive study of the biological activity and functional characteristics of egg protein hydrolysates and their peptides provides a theoretical basis for expanding the range of functional ingredients obtained from food proteins and for replenishing the range of functional foods.Chicken eggs proteins and their derivatives, like protein hydrolysates, peptides and amino acids, possess high nutritional value and provide a wide range of biological activity. They serve as sources for development of functional ingredients that draw the attention of specialists in the food production and biomedical industries, as well as the livestock feed industry. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins is a popular process for obtaining bioactive peptides with multifunctional properties. The purpose of this study is to obtain a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with a high degree of hydrolysis and to determine its functional and technological parameters. The research presents a two-stage scheme of ovalbumin hydrolysis with the help of pepsin and trypsin which provide high degree of hydrolysis (82–83%). The fractional composition of the hydrolysate is determined. The fractional composition is represented by three main fractions (high, medium and low molecular weight). The summarized antioxidant activity (SAA) of the hydrolysate is considered within the dynamics of the hydrolysis process. The highest SAA value was noted after 2 hours, and it amounted to 170.23 mg/l; at the end of hydrolysis the SAA value was equal to 114.31 mg/l. When analyzing the SAA, it was found that the main contribution to the summarized antioxidant activity of the ovalbumin hydrolysate is made by peptides of the medium molecular fraction. The microfiltration process, used in the research, made it possible to separate high-molecular compounds, which led to an increase in the SAA of the hydrolysate to 189.9 mg/l. The main functional and technological parameters of the hydrolysate are determined in this research. The comprehensive study of the biological activity and functional characteristics of egg protein hydrolysates and their peptides provides a theoretical basis for expanding the range of functional ingredients obtained from food proteins and for replenishing the range of functional foods

Typology of strategies of personality meaning-making during professional education

The importance of the studied issue is conditioned by the fact that high dynamic of processes in the labour market requires constant work of an individual on self-determination and search for significance of his/her professional activity. The purpose of research is theoretical development and empirical verification of the types of strategies of meaning-making based on perceptions of future in terms of professional self-determination of the personality at the stage of vocational training. Basic research methods: modelling, psychosemantic approach, allowing to perform research process with the possibility of more in-depth analysis of the results. Research results: the model of the semantical future in the consciousness of the personality, which includes affective, cognitive, activity and intentional components is developed and empirically verified; the types of strategies of meaning-making based on perceptions of future in terms of professional selfdetermination of the personality at the stage of vocational training is identified, the typology includes the following 3 types of the meaning-making strategies: strategy of integration of the meaning of education and profession in the model of own future, strategy of disintegration and strategy of uncertainty and delay of the semantical choice. Significance of results: analysis of the semantical grounds for future professional activity will help optimize the training of a competent, competitive and adaptive specialist ready to continuous self-development, and to intensify the process of professional self-determination and building life and professional prospects of the personality at the stage of vocational training, as exactly at this stage the professional competence and identity is built up. © 2016 Shchipanova et al

Psychological and economical aspects of the competency approach the paradigm of higher education

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved. In the article the role of education in the modern world, contains an analysis of the psychological and economical aspects of the modern paradigm of higher education in Russia, basic education and psycho-pedagogical problems in formation of modern professionals and managers, social and psychological shape modern managers at all levels. The higher education system must address not only the direct educational objectives but also to prepare specialists capable of solving the difficult psychological and psycho-pedagogical problems in a post-industrial reality. The paper presents an analysis of the literature on the stated issues, discloses the concept of competence and expertise detailed guidelines for implementing competence-based approach in higher education

Analysis of the quality of diagnosis and treatment of primary headache in different social groups of the Ural Region

Objective: to analyze the quality of diagnosis and treatment of primary headache (HA) in different social groups of the Ural Region. Patients and methods. The study enrolled 3124 persons who were divided into three groups: 1) 1042 students; of them there were 719 women; mean age 20.6 years; range 17–40 years; 2) 1075 workers; of them there were 146 women; mean age 40.4 years; range 21–67 years; 3) 1007 blood donors; of them there were 484 women; mean age, 34.1 years; range 18–64 years. Semi-structured interviews involving the characteristics of HA and its prior diagnosis and treatment were conducted face-to-face in all those included in the study. HA was diagnosed using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, beta version. Results and discussion. The following factors decreasing the quality of diagnosis and treatment of HA were identified in all the study groups: 1) low physician visit rates. Despite the high prevalence of all types of primary HA in 3 groups (67%), only 496 (23%) out of 2110 participants with HA visited their physician with this problem. Among the patients with HA, physicians were visited most often by 342 (35%) out of 968 students, least often by 60 (13%) out of 457 workers and by 94 (14%) out of 685 donors; 2) inadequate diagnosis of HA. Only 12 and 11.7% of the patients were correctly diagnosed with migraine and tension HA (THA), respectively; 3) the practically complete absence of preventive treatment for HA. The majority of patients used drugs to arrest HA attacks; preventive treatment for migraine was performed in 2 (0.4%) and not performed in any of the patients with THA. It is necessary to improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary HA and to elaborate new Russian clinical guidelines for patient management on the basis of international standards

WOUND HEALING EFFECT OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE GUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE HYDROGELAT BURNS

This article considers the wound-healing effect of a hydrogel based on polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride under conditions of thermal shock modeling. The presence of gelling properties in combination with the high biocidal activity of polyguanidins opens the prospect of obtaining an effective single-component external agent, which is very important for antimicrobial chemotherapy of wounds and burns, as in their treatment there is a high probability of infecting the wound with microorganisms causing various infectious diseases. Previously, we developed a method for the preparation of a hydrogel based on polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, which involves the cross-linking of the amino-end groups of the branched polymer with formaldehyde, resulting in a cross-linked polymer, which is a lump-like mass. The mechanical treatment of the hydrogel makes it possible to give the material an ointment form that is convenient for application to the skin. An experiment on the evaluation of the wound healing action of hydrogel was carried out under the conditions of modeling a thermal burn. The comparative preparation was multicomponent gel "Levomekol", in which polyethylene oxide was used as the basis. It was established that the hydrogel activates the growth of antioxidants and leukocytes in the blood of animals in dynamics on the 10th, 17th and 24th day of the experiment, amounting to 56.4 %, 33.8 % and 20.9 %, and of leukocytes - 27.7 %, 19.6 %; 6,2 % in relation to the norm. The method of contrast radiography of penetrating wounds showed that the daily reduction in the wound area is most pronounced in the hydrogel group, which indicates a pronounced reparative effect

Acute Toxicity of Hydrogel Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride

Background. Previously, we have shown that the polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride hydrogel exhibits a pronounced wound healing. At the same time, no studies of the toxic effect of the hydrogel on animals have been conducted. Aim of the research. In the framework of this work, the acute toxicity of the hydrogel polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride was studied in laboratory animals with intragastric administration. Materials and methods. The polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride hydrogel was obtained by crosslinking the amino end groups with formaldehyde. An acute toxicity study was carried out (P 1.2.3156-13, GOST 32644-2014 and the Guidelines for conducting preclinical studies of drugs) in an experiment on outbred mice with a single addition of the test substance in different doses (1000, 3000, 5000, 8000 mg/kg) with fixing indicators (appearance, behavior, condition of the body hair coat, water and food consumption, excretion, body weight and its growth) during 14 days. After the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, autopsy, macroscopic evaluation and weighing of the internal organs were performed. The results showed that with the introduction of the test substance into the animal organism, death during the observation period (14 days) did not occur. It was not possible to determine the semi-lethal dose for the test compound. Conclusion. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that this substance is practically non-toxic and can be classified as hazard class V. Further research will be directed to the formation of hydrogel compositions with medicinal substances

Гендерные различия самооценки социального функционирования пациентов с хронической ИБС и аффективными расстройствами

 Aim. To determine gender differences in self-reported social functioning of patients with comorbidity of affective disorders (ADs) and chronic coronary artery disease.Materials and methods. Self-reported social functioning of 248 cardiological patients (194 men (78.2%) and 54 women (21.8%)) with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and ADs was studied using the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS). The mean age of patients with chronic CAD in men was (57.2 ± 6.5) years, and in women (59.3 ± 7.1), p = 0.04. Qualitative and quantitative indicators were investigated using the Mann – Whitney, Wilcoxon and T-test; χ2 (Pearson›s goodness-of-fit test) was used to estimate the frequencies.Results. ADs were represented by chronic mood disorders (45%), first-time depressive episodes (DEs) 24%, recurrent DEs 24.5%, as well as bipolar II disorder (BD II) 6.5%. ADs in 42.4% of patients were associated with psychosocial stressors (mainly, loss), p = 0.02. Men statistically significantly  more often (37.1%, 72/194) than women (16.7%, 9/54) communicated more scarcely with others as a result of projection mechanisms, a high level of hostility, passive aggressiveness and lack of initiative, typical for patients with ADs, p = 0.003.Conclusion. The social functioning of patients with ADs and chronic coronary artery disease was complicated irrespective of gender. Women were single and bereaved of their children more often than men. Due to the low level of communication outside the family and outside of professional activity, most of the patients maintained communication mainly with the family. However, due to ADs, they were not able to feel support from familymembers and rarely initiated communication with other people (men did it statistically significantly more often than women).  Цель исследования – определение гендерных различий самооценки социального функционирования пациентов при коморбидности аффективных расстройств (АР) и хронической коронарной болезни.Материалы и методы. С помощью шкалы самооценки социальной адаптации изучена самооценка социального функционирования 248 больных (мужчин – 194 (78,2%) и женщин – 54 (21,8%)) кардиологического стационара с хронической ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) и АР. Средний возраст пациентов кардиологического стационара с хронической ИБС у мужчин составил (57,2 ± 6,5) года, у женщин – (59,3 ± 7,1), р = 0,04. Качественные и количественные показатели исследованы с помощью  критериев Манна – Уитни, Вилкоксона и Т-критерия, для  оценки частот использован χ2 (критерий согласия Пирсона).Результаты. АР представлены хроническими расстройствами настроения (45%), впервые возникшими депрессивными эпизодами (ДЭ) – 24%, рекуррентными ДЭ –  24,5%, а также биполярными аффективными  расстройствами II типа 6,5%. АР у 42,4% пациентов было  связано с психосоциальными стрессорами (преимущественно утратами), р = 0,02. Мужчины  статистически значимо чаще (37,1%, 72/194), чем женщины  (16,7%, 9/54), более ограниченно общались с окружающими  в результате механизмов проекции,  высокого уровня враждебности, пассивной агрессивности,  безынициативности, характерными для больных АР, р = 0,003.Заключение. Социальное функционирование пациентов с АР и хронической ИБС затруднено независимо от пола. Женщины чаще мужчин являются одинокими и пережившими утрату детей. В связи с низким уровнем общения вне семьи и профессиональной деятельности  большая часть пациентов поддерживала общение преимущественно в семье. Однако в силу АР, такие  пациенты не способны почувствовать поддержку и со  стороны членов семьи, они редко инициируют общение с  другими людьми (мужчины статистически значимо чаще,  чем женщины).