НАРУШЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДНОГО ОБМЕНА У БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ БОЛЬШОГО СОСОЧКА ДВЕНАДЦАТИПЕРСТНОЙ КИШКИ ДО И ПОСЛЕ ПАНКРЕАТОДУОДЕНАЛЬНЫХ РЕЗЕКЦИЙ

56 patients with cancer of major duodenal papilla were examined before and after pylorus-saving pancreaticoduodenal resection. Carbohydrate metabolism was estimated before and after the operation, impact of the operation on diabetes mellitus progression was detected. If there were no carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities in 75% before the operation, then there were 55% of such patients after the operation. After the pylorus-saving pancreaticoduodenal resection the impaired glucose tolerance was detected in 4 (7%) of patients whose carbohydrate metabolism had corresponded to norms before the operation. 7 (13%) Of 17 (31%) patients had diabetes mellitus of mild severity after the pylorus-saving pancreaticoduodenal resection, the rest 10 (18%) had diabetes mellitus of moderate severity. In 7 (13%) patients after the pylorus-saving pancreaticoduodenal resection the diabetes mellitus of moderate severity was detected for the first time, at that in 4 patients diabetes mellitus of mild severity was detected, and in 3 patients — diabetes mellitus of moderate severity (everyone received insulin therapy in the long-term postoperative period) was detected. Checking protocol of the patients’ carbohydrate metabolism in the perioperative period was described in detail. The possibility of prognostication of carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities in the long-term postoperative period by indications of carbohydrate metabolism before the operation and in early postoperative period was studied. Middle blood glucose level in early postoperative period is an informative indication for prognostication of carbohydrate metabolism state in the long-term postoperative period. An algorithm of patients’ examination with cancer of major duodenal papilla before the operation and after it was offered; also checking protocol of carbohydrate metabolism indices and correction of the detected abnormalities in the early postoperative period were offered. Обследовано 56 больных раком большого сосочка двенадцатиперстной кишки до и после пилоросохраняющей панкреатодуоденальной резекции. Произведена оценка углеводного обмена до и после операции, установлено влияние оперативного вмешательства на развитие сахарного диабета. Если до операции нарушений углеводного обмена не наблюдалось у 75% пациентов, то после нее таких больных осталось 55%. После пилоросохраняющей панкреатодуоденальной резекции нарушенная толерантность к глюкозе обнаружена у 4 (7%) пациентов, у которых до операции углеводный обмен соответствовал норме. Сахарный диабет легкого течения после пилоросохраняющей панкреатодуоденальной резекции имели 7(13%) из 17 (31%) пациентов, у остальных 10 (18%) диагностировали сахарный диабет средней степени тяжести. У 7 (13%) пациентов после пилоросохраняющей панкреатодуоденальной резекции был впервые выявлен сахарный диабет специфического типа, причем у 4 из них диагностировали легкую форму сахарного диабета, у 3 — диабет средней степени тяжести (все получали инсулинотерапию в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде). Изучена возможность прогнозирования нарушений углеводного обмена в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде по показателям углеводного обмена до операции и в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Показатель среднего уровня глюкозы в крови в раннем послеоперационном периоде является информативным критерием для прогнозирования состояния углеводного обмена в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде. Разработан алгоритм обследования больных раком большого дуоденального сосочка до и после операции, а также предложены протокол контроля показателей углеводного обмена и вариант коррекции установленных нарушений в раннем послеоперационном периоде.

Nonlinear and shock waves in superfluid He II

We review studies of the generation and propagation of nonlinear and shock sound waves in He II (the superfluid phase of ⁴He), both under the saturated vapor pressure (SVP) and at elevated pressures. The evolution in shape of second and first sound waves excited by a pulsed heater has been investigated for increasing power W of the heat pulse. It has been found that, by increasing the pressure P from SVP up to 25 atm, the temperature Tα, at which the nonlinearity coefficient of second sound reverse its sign, is decreased from 1.88 to 1.58 K. Thus at all pressures there exists a wide temperature range below Tλ where α is negative, so that the temperature discontinuity (shock front) should be formed at the center of a propagating bipolar pulse of second sound. Numerical estimates show that, with rising pressure, the amplitude ratio of linear first and second sound waves generated by the heater at small W should increase significantly. This effect has allowed us to observe at P 133. atm a linear wave of heating (rarefaction) in first sound, and its transformation to a shock wave of cooling (compression). Measurements made at high W for pressures above and below the critical pressure in He II, Pcr 22. atm, suggest that the main reason for initiation of the first sound compression wave is strong thermal expansion of a layer of He I (the normal phase) created at the heater-He II interface when W exceeds a critical value. Experiments with nonlinear second sound waves in a high-quality resonator show that, when the driving amplitude of the second sound is sufficiently high, multiple harmonics of second sound waves are generated over a wide range of frequencies due to nonlinearity. At sufficiently high frequencies the nonlinear transfer of the wave energy to sequentially higher wave numbers is terminated by the viscous damping of the waves

An interactive procedure of a transverse beam matching and correction in INR Linac

An application package is developed to carry out an interactive procedure for a transverse beam matching and correction in INR Linac. The results of multiple beam profile measurements in several accelerator areas are used. The currents in steering coils are found to suppress the beam displacement. The gradients in quadrupole lenses are calculated to match the beam. This procedure is successfully used in accelerator tuning.Разработан пакет программ для проведения интерактивной процедуры поперечного согласования и коррекции пучка по результатам измерения профилей пучка на различных участках линейного ускорителя ИЯИ РАН. Определяются режимы включения корректирующих элементов для выведения пучка на ось ускорителя и градиенты полей квадрупольных линз для согласования пучка с фокусирующим каналом ускорителя. Разработанная процедура успешно используется при настройке режимов работы ускорителя.Розроблено пакет програм для проведення інтерактивної процедури поперечного узгодження і корекції пучка за результатами виміру профілів пучка на різних ділянках лінійного прискорювача ІЯД РАН. Визначаються режими включення коригувальних елементів для виведення пучка на вісь прискорювача і градієнти полів квадрупольних лінз для узгодження пучка з фокусуючим каналом прискорювача. Розроблена процедура успішно використається при настроюванні режимів роботи прискорювача

Особенности генетического полиморфизма HLA-антигенов при приобретенной апластической анемии у детей

This study presents the genetic polymorphism of HLA-antigens in acquired aplastic anemia (AAA) in 147 children (85 boys и 62 girls) aged 1 to 18 with. The control group is consisted of 1700 umbilical cord blood samples of healthy newborns. The genetic polymorphism of HLA was studied in groups of children with AAA, divided by gender and age. Our results revealed distinction in HLA-markers of predisposition and sustainability to AAA. Possible differences in factors of immunogenetic predisposition suggest different mechanisms involved in the development of the disease in different groups of children and reconsider the existing model of the pathogenesis of AAA.В статье представлены результаты исследования генетического полиморфизма HLA-антигенов при приобретенной апластической анемии (ПАА) у 147 детей в возрасте от 1 до 18 лет. Контрольная группа была представлена 1700 образцами пуповинной крови условно здоровых новорожденных детей. Анализ полученных данных позволил выявить отличающиеся у детей разного пола и возраста HLA-маркеры предрасположенности и протекции к ПАА. Вероятное различие в факторах иммуногенетической предрасположенности позволяет предположить участие разных механизмов в развитии заболевания у разных групп детей и по-новому рассматривать уже имеющиеся модели патогенеза ПАА

Reproducibility in the absence of selective reporting : An illustration from large-scale brain asymmetry research

Altres ajuts: Max Planck Society (Germany).The problem of poor reproducibility of scientific findings has received much attention over recent years, in a variety of fields including psychology and neuroscience. The problem has been partly attributed to publication bias and unwanted practices such as p-hacking. Low statistical power in individual studies is also understood to be an important factor. In a recent multisite collaborative study, we mapped brain anatomical left-right asymmetries for regional measures of surface area and cortical thickness, in 99 MRI datasets from around the world, for a total of over 17,000 participants. In the present study, we revisited these hemispheric effects from the perspective of reproducibility. Within each dataset, we considered that an effect had been reproduced when it matched the meta-analytic effect from the 98 other datasets, in terms of effect direction and significance threshold. In this sense, the results within each dataset were viewed as coming from separate studies in an "ideal publishing environment," that is, free from selective reporting and p hacking. We found an average reproducibility rate of 63.2% (SD = 22.9%, min = 22.2%, max = 97.0%). As expected, reproducibility was higher for larger effects and in larger datasets. Reproducibility was not obviously related to the age of participants, scanner field strength, FreeSurfer software version, cortical regional measurement reliability, or regional size. These findings constitute an empirical illustration of reproducibility in the absence of publication bias or p hacking, when assessing realistic biological effects in heterogeneous neuroscience data, and given typically-used sample sizes

Metacognitive Reading Strategies: Analysis of Self-report Data and Oculomotor Behaviour of Russian Schoolchildren

The paper presents the results of a study aimed to investigate the correlations between oculomotor reading behavior and self-report data of Russian high school students on their practice of using metacognitive strategies. It was found that high school students tended to use problem-solving reading strategies, while seldom using supportive reading strategies. Differences in the use of metacognitive strategies were found between schools that emphasized differently the development of reading competence in middle school. The findings suggested that there were differences in oculomotor measures across groups with varying levels of metacognitive strategy use. The paper outlines possible directions for further research on this topic.</p

The Influence of a Reading Setup on Digital Reading Strategies in High School Students: Results of an Eye-Tracking Study

The paper aims to investigate the correlation between reading setup and digital reading strategies used by Russian schoolchildren. To study the influence of the reading setup factor, we conducted an eye-tracking study of high school students (N=66), which showed the dependence of digital reading strategies on the pre-reading task by experienced readers. The study showed that the pattern of skimming digital texts does not always appear explicitly, and revealed a significant influence on reading strategies of both reader's individual differences and the rhetorical organization of the text, as well as the reading task factor. The task of searching for specific information led to a more thorough primary reading of the entire text with fewer returns and transitions between the other semantic elements of the digital educational text. In the case of the text analysis task, the first reading was more cursory, but there was more jumping back and forth between paragraphs to establish the logical linkage of the text information. The influence of the reading setup on the digital reading strategy illustrates the importance of formulating the reading task correctly in order to ensure an effective digital reading experience.</p

Conformity assessment for organic products in the European Union

The adoption of organic agriculture has acquired particular significance as one of the effective means of high-quality and safe products recovery. A brief conformity assessment of requirements for organic products and their regulation in the European Union is provides. The EU legislative acts are confirmed to EU market features raised for organic products. EU regulatory legal acts for imports of organic products from third countries, food quality and labeling of organic production, organic aquaculture animal and seaweed production, organic wine are considered. All food manufacturers must comply with general EU foodstuff laws and regulations, which include labeling regulations. Regulation is complemented by several legislative acts on the production, distribution and marketing of organic products, which are the legal framework for determining rules for their implementation in the EU. The United States permits the sale of European products that produced and certified under the EU organic program as organic in the United States are considered. Legislative acts EU Regulation 1235/2008, EU Regulation 2020/25, EU Regulation 889/2008, EU Regulation 710/2009, EU Regulation 203/2012 are discussed.Ведение органического сельского хозяйства приобрело особое значение как одно из эффективных средств получения качественной и безопасной продукции. Приводится обзор оценки соответствия требованиям к органическим продуктам и их регулированию в Европейском союзе. Рассмотрены законодательные акты ЕС, предъявляемые к органическим продуктам, отражающие особенности местного рынка, а также нормативные акты ЕС, регулирующие импорт органической продукции из третьих стран, качество пищевых продуктов и маркировку органической продукции, органической аквакультуры, продукции животноводства и морских водорослей, органического вина. Все производители пищевых продуктов должны соблюдать общие нормативные акты ЕС в отношении пищевых продуктов, в том числе правила маркировки. Регулирование дополняется несколькими законодательными актами о производстве, распространении и маркетинге органических продуктов, которые являются правовой основой для определения правил их реализации в Европейском союзе. Соединенные Штаты на своем рынке разрешают продажу европейских продуктов, произведенных и сертифицированных в рамках органической программы ЕС, в качестве органических. Рассмотрены законодательные акты Европейского союза EU Regulation 1235/2008, EU Regulation 2020/25, EU Regulation 889/2008, EU Regulation 710/2009, EU Regulation 203/2012