Production of phosphate biofertilizer through composting and vermicomposting process

The production of organic mineral fertilizers enriched with natural phosphates may increase the solubility of phosphorus, minimizing the dependence of acidulated phosphate fertilizers. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of nutrients due to the incorporation of phosphate sources through vermicomposting and composting. It was used a completely randomized design in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with five replicates and four sources of P (1 - Ammonium single superphosphate, 2 - Itafós phosphate, 3 - Araxá phosphate and 4 - termophosphate) and three methods of phosphorus sources addition in the production of organo-mineral fertilizer process: 1 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the beginning of the vermicomposting process (VPB), 2 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the end of the vermicomposting process (VPE) and 3 - Compound, non-vermicomposting, produced with addition of the P sources at the beginning of the composting process (CP). The addition of Araxá or Itafós natural phosphate in composting or after vermicomposting process leads to the production of an organo-mineral fertilizer with good availability of nutrients, such as calcium and phosphorus.The production of organic mineral fertilizers enriched with natural phosphates may increase the solubility of phosphorus, minimizing the dependence of acidulated phosphate fertilizers. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of nutrients due to the incorporation of phosphate sources through vermicomposting and composting. It was used a completely randomized design in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with five replicates and four sources of P (1 - Ammonium single superphosphate, 2 - Itafós phosphate, 3 - Araxá phosphate and 4 - termophosphate) and three methods of phosphorus sources addition in the production of organo-mineral fertilizer process: 1 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the beginning of the vermicomposting process (VPB), 2 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the end of the vermicomposting process (VPE) and 3 - Compound, non-vermicomposting, produced with addition of the P sources at the beginning of the composting process (CP). The addition of Araxá or Itafós natural phosphate in composting or after vermicomposting process leads to the production of an organo-mineral fertilizer with good availability of nutrients, such as calcium and phosphorus

VOLATILIZAÇÃO DA AMÔNIA DA UREIA ESTABILIZADA COM NBPT NA ADUBAÇÃO EM COBERTURA DA Urochloa ruziziensis

A ureia é o principal adubo nitrogenado utilizado em pastagens. Nesse fertilizante, uma das principais perdas de nitrogênio (N) está relacionada com a volatilização da amônia. O uso de produtos que proporcionam redução das perdas de N da ureia pode contribuir para aumentar a eficiência de uso desse nutriente em pastagens. Assim, objetivou-se determinar o efeito de fontes e doses de N aplicado parcelado em cobertura na Urochloa ruziziensis, nas perdas de N pela volatilização de amônia (N-NH3). O experimento foi conduzido em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico. Utilizou o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5 x 5. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelas fontes de N: ureia comum e ureia com inibidor de urease, doses de N: 0, 50, 100, 200 e 300 kg ha-1 (parceladas em 5 aplicações) e cinco períodos de crescimento da forrageira: 14/11 a 13/12 (1º período), 14/12 a 12/01 (2º período), 13/01 a 11/02 (3º período), 24/03 a 22/04 (4º período), e 10/07 a 08/08 (5º período). O uso de ureia com inibidor de urease proporcionou reduções nas perdas de amônia por volatilização em relação à ureia comum. O aumento das doses de N proporcionou aumento da volatilização de N-NH3. Ocorreram maiores perdas de N pela volatilização da amônia nos períodos mais secos do ano

Perfil do consumidor e oscilações de preços de produtos agroecológicos.

Em todo o mundo, o consumo de alimentos naturais tem aumentado significativamente, e o termo “orgânico” tem se destacado. Em face disto, buscou-se conhecer o perfil do consumidor de alimentos orgânicos, no município de Goiânia (GO), bem como saber quais são as principais dificuldades por ele encontradas, na aquisição destes produtos. Fez-se, também, um levantamento de preços, a fim de serem comparados alimentos orgânicos e convencionais. O principal problema apontado pelos entrevistados, quanto à dificuldade no consumo, foi o fator preço, seguido pela disponibilidade de produtos. Abóbora(Curcubita moschata), berinjela (Solanum melongena), beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.), cenoura (Daucus carota L.), jiló (Solanum gilo Raddi) e pepino (Cucumis sativus) foram os produtos que mais apresentaram variação percentual no preço (convencional x orgânico)

ABONOS VERDES Y SU INFLUENCIA EN EL CRECIMIENTO Y RENDIMIENTO DEL FRIJOL (Phaseolus vulgaris L), EN CONDICIONES AGROECOLOGICAS/ GREEN FERTILIZERS AND ITS INFLUENCE IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L) IN AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Diversos estudios han demostrado las ventajas del uso de leguminosas asociadas con gramíneas en el crecimiento de los cultivos en regiones tropicales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de abonos verdes con dos sistemas de siembra y sistemas de labranza sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del frijol. El experimento se realizó en un diseño de bloques al azar, con 16 tratamientos y cuatro repeticones. Los abonos verdes fueron cortados y dejados en la superficie del suelo a los 60 días después de la siembra y el frijol sembrado en sucesión a los 30 días despúes de este manejo. Se evaluó el crecimiento del tallo a los 25, 35, 45 y 55 días después de la siembra y el rendimiento en el momento de cosecha. La mucuna y el frijol de puerco presentaron mayor altura y diámetro del tallo. Las plantas de frijol alcanzaron un mayor crecimiento con las leguminosas asociadas con mijo y en el manejo del suelo con la siembra directa a los 45 días después de la siembra. El rendimiento agrícola no mostró diferencias significativas para los tratamientos, los valores oscilaron entre 3,3 y 4,4 Mg ha-1. ABSTRACT Several studies have shown the advantages of using legumes associated with grasses growth and increased yields economic crops in agro ecological production in tropical regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green manures with two systems of planting and tillage systems on the growth and development of the beans. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with 16 treatments and four replication. Green manures were cut and left on the soil surface 60 days after sowing and beans planted in succession to 30 after days of this operation. Stem growth was evaluated at 25, 35, 45 and 55 days after planting and the yield at the time of harvest. Mucuna pork and beans had a higher height and stem diameter. Bean plants reached higher growth associated with legumes millet and soil management with tillage at 45 days after planting. Agricultural output showed no significant differences for treatments, values ranged between 3.3 and 4.4 Mg ha-

Growing perennial grasses on contaminated soils for phytoremediation and renewable energy : a nature-based solution to maximise energy and eco-system service provision?

Available data indicates 2.8 million potentially contaminated sites, just across the EU-28. While 650,000 sites have been registered, only 1 in 10 have so far been remediated[1]. The management cost of European contaminated sites is estimated at €6 billion annually[2]. The main types of contaminants are potentially toxic elements (including heavy metals). Similarly, a 2014 Government study in China found 16.1% of all soil and 19.4% of arable land showed contamination, with Cd, Ni and As being the main pollutants[3]. Meanwhile, the global challenge of feeding growing populations while still reducing greenhouse gas emissions leaves less agricultural for dedicated bioenergy crops[4]. Therefore, there is a pressing need to successfully combine nature-based decontamination through phytoremediation with bioenergy production. Given the wide variety of non-agricultural marginal lands[5], species selection must combine significant biomass production with acceptable levels of contamination for subsequent use or energy conversion. Whereas specialist hyperaccumulator plants may achieve higher levels of contaminants and greater bioconcentration and translocation factors, their inherently lower productivity means that biomass, energy yield and mass of contaminants removed per unit area will be relatively small. In contrast, high yielding, low contaminant uptake characteristics, such as for conventional energy crop species, could result in greater energy production, economic viability and biomass utilisation potential. Here we report on field scale trials to implement this strategy, part of the CERESiS (ContaminatEd land Remediation through Energy crops for Soil improvement to liquid biofuels Strategies) H2020 Project (GA 101006717). We have evaluated the performance of Phalaris, Miscanthus, Saccharum and Pennisetum species for combined phyto-remediation and phyto-management of contaminated land during energy crop production in Brazil and Europe. Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) is a native perennial rhizomatous C3 species suitable for non-agricultural or marginal lands and climatic zones such as Scotland (where Miscanthus x giganteous cannot grow). Our phytoremediation trials using Phalaris in Italy and Ukraine are the first we are aware of. In the UK the CERESiS project has utilised field trials originally established during the BioReGen (Biomass, Remediation, re-Generation: Reusing Brownfield Sites for renewable energy crops) EU Life demonstration Project (LIFE05 ENV/UK/000128) in 2007. These allowed direct comparison of the actual contaminant removal rates of three crop species: Although the biomass of Miscanthus and short-rotation coppice Salix contained higher concentrations of certain elements, Phalaris far out-performed these in terms of biomass, ease and economy of production[6]. Surprisingly, despite lower contaminant concentrations in Phalaris, such was the increased biomass that the total mass removed was still greater than for Miscanthus or Salix. This suggests that low-uptake phyto-excluding plants which can tolerate contaminated soils and grow productively may still represent the best and most economically viable option for clean-up of contaminated sites. Meanwhile this nature-based solution can simultaneously deliver a variety of wider societal and environmental benefits, such as greening-up derelict land or the enhanced storage of carbon in soils[7]