Effects of Copper Sulfate on Benthic Algae; A Laboratory Experiment

Copper sulfate is applied in inland waters as a management tool to control phytoplankton and the snails associated with the condition of schistiosome dermatitis. Application rates to control algae and snails range from 1.0 mg/l to 25.0 mg/l of copper sulfate, respectively. Previous studies have focused on a variety of aspects of this practice, however, few have determined the effects of copper sulfate treatments on benthic algae. Therefore, a short-term laboratory experiment was executed. Algal communities were established in laboratory microcosms using sediment and water collected from Muskegon Lake, Michigan. Microcosms were assigned to one of four treatments: control 0, 1.0 mg/l, 10.0 mg/l, or 25 mg/l of copper sulfate. After 48-hours, chlorophyll a, total dissolved copper, cell density, and community structure were determined. Chlorophyll a declined significantly due to copper, however, algal densities did not. The differences in measured responses may be due to sediment adsorption or duration of the experiment

Characterization of the Temporomandibular Joint of Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis).

The structure-function relationship of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of southern sea otter has largely not been described. This study aims to describe the histological, biochemical, and biomechanical features of the TMJ disk in the southern sea otter. The TMJ disks from fresh cadaver heads of southern sea otter adult males (n = 8) and females (n = 8) acquired from strandings were examined. Following macroscopical evaluation, the TMJs were investigated for their histological, mechanical, and biochemical properties. We found that the sea otter TMJ disks are, in general, similar to other carnivores. Macroscopically, the TMJ disk was highly congruent, and the mandibular head was encased tightly by the mandibular fossa with a thin disk separating the joint into two compartments. Histologically, the articular surfaces were lined with dense fibrous connective tissue that gradually transitioned into one to two cell thick layer of hyaline-like cartilage. The disk fibers were aligned primarily in the rostrocaudal direction and had occasional lacuna with chondrocyte-like cells. The disk was composed primarily of collagen type 1. Biochemical analysis indicates sulfated glycosaminoglycan content lower than other mammals, but significantly higher in male sea otters than female sea otters. Finally, mechanical analysis demonstrated a disk that was not only stronger and stiffer in the rostrocaudal direction than the mediolateral direction but also significantly stronger and stiffer in females than males. We conclude that the congruent design of the TMJ, thin disk, biochemical content, and mechanical properties all reflect a structure-function relationship within the TMJ disk that is likely designed for the sea otter's hard diet and continuous food intake

Anatomía, Fisiología y Patología del Big Data. Reflexiones informático-clínicas en tres tomos

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer un análisis sobre los principios, funcionamiento y desafíos futuros del Big Data, desde la perspectiva de la Minería de Datos, haciendo una descripción informático-clínica en tres tomos. El Tomo I versará sobre la anatomía del Big Data, en tren de buscar una forma de diseccionarlo en sus conceptos fundamentales. Por su parte, el Tomo II será una descripción de su fisiología, para poder descubrir su funcionamiento a la luz de las tareas de la Minería de Datos. Finalmente, el Tomo III pondrá la lupa sobre las patologías del Big Data, entendiéndolas como nuevos desafíos a ser superados con las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información

Nella gloriosissima esaltazione dell'illustrissimo, e reverendissimo sig. co. canonico Lodovico Calini al vescovado di Crema Sonetto in cui s'allude alla scala, e bandiera stemma gentilizio dell'illustriss. casa / [Alessio Leale]

In Brescia : dalle stampe di Giacomo Turlino, 1731 1 foglio ; 54 cm Note Nome dell'A. in calce Fregi e iniziale xilogr

Taller-tutorial: Recolección, procesamiento y análisis de datos en Twitter

Las redes sociales son un medio importante para procesar información. Twitter, es una de las más poderosas para compartir, amplificar y sondear opiniones. En su política de privacidad puede leerse: “Lo que se publica en Twitter puede verse en todo el mundo de manera instantánea. ¡Eres lo que tuiteas!”. Esta frase promueve la idea de que cada tuit tiene el objetivo implícito de ser un “grito al mundo”. Motivado por estas posibilidades, la presente propuesta de Tutorial-Taller está orientado especialmente a los investigadores en las Ciencias Sociales que consideren necesarios la recopilación y el análisis de los datos provenientes de Twitter.Facultad de Informátic

Comparison between thermophilic and mesophilic aerobic biological treatment of a synthetic organic waste

Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting microbial activity and consequently is of great importance in a biological waste treatment system. Extensive research has been carried out to determine the effects of temperature on biological reactions in the temperature range of 20° to 35° Centigrade. It is generally agreed that the reaction rate increases by a factor of two to three for each ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature within this range. There has, however, been very little research to determine temperature effects in the range of 35° to 60° Centigrade. Therefore it was deemed necessary to determine the effect of temperature on aerobic biological treatment of an organic waste in the temperature range of 20° to 60° Centigrade. The impetus motivating this research is the need for a treatment process capable of immediate treatment of high temperature wastes such as some canning wastes and pulp and paper wastes, without prior cooling. At present the thermal energy from high temperature wastes is dissipated by use of cooling towers or other cooling devices. If it is possible to use the thermal energy to increase the decomposition rates in a treatment process, then of course it is desirable to do so. To evaluate the feasibility of high temperature treatment it was imperative to devise a method or means by which to compare the organic removal rates and treatment efficiencies at the various temperatures. To make these comparisons it was necessary to determine at the various temperatures the maximum rate of oxygen demand, the efficiency of organic removal, the quantity and forms of nitrogen being discharged in the effluent, the net solids produced, and the settling characteristics of the sludge. To compare treatment efficiencies at the various temperatures the following tests and determinations were performed: 1. Suspended Solids 2. Chemical Oxygen Demand 3. Nitrogen 4. Oxygen Upptake 5. Type of Growth 6. Settling Characteristics The conclusions drawn from these tests results are as follows: 1. The biochemical activity rate as measured by oxygen uptake increased from 20° to 45°C. The rate dropped rapidly as the temperature was increased above 45°C. 2. The COD removal efficiency was above 90% for the entire range. 3. The net solids production decreased as temperature was increased from 25° to 50°C. 4. Clarification is difficult at temperatures above 35°C. 5. Nitrification does not take place above 40°C. 6. The purification rate can be increased tremendously by increasing the temperature from 20°C to 45°C. 7. High temperature treatment appears to be readily adaptable to dispersed growth systems. However, thermophilic treatment does not appear to be applicable to treatment systems which require solids removal because of the poor settling characteristics

Telecoaching: a potential new training model for Charcot-Marie-Tooth patients: a systematic review

IntroductionCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is an inherited neuropathy that affects the sensory and motor nerves. It can be considered the most common neuromuscular disease, with a prevalence of 1/2500.MethodsConsidering the absence of a specific medical treatment and the benefits shown by physical activity in this population, a systematic review was completed using several search engines (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) to analyze the use, effectiveness, and safety of a training program performed in telecoaching (TC). TC is a new training mode that uses mobile devices and digital technology to ensure remote access to training.ResultsOf the 382 studies identified, only 7 met the inclusion criteria. The effects of a TC training program included improvements in strength, cardiovascular ability, and functional abilities, as well as gait and fatigue. However, the quality of the studies was moderate, the size of the participants in each study was small, and the outcome measured was partial.DiscussionAlthough many studies have identified statistically significant changes following the administration of the TC training protocol, further studies are needed, with appropriate study power, better quality, and a higher sample size

Telecoaching: a potential new training model for Charcot-Marie-Tooth patients: a systematic review

Introduction: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is an inherited neuropathy that affects the sensory and motor nerves. It can be considered the most common neuromuscular disease, with a prevalence of 1/2500. Methods: Considering the absence of a specific medical treatment and the benefits shown by physical activity in this population, a systematic review was completed using several search engines (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) to analyze the use, effectiveness, and safety of a training program performed in telecoaching (TC). TC is a new training mode that uses mobile devices and digital technology to ensure remote access to training. Results: Of the 382 studies identified, only 7 met the inclusion criteria. The effects of a TC training program included improvements in strength, cardiovascular ability, and functional abilities, as well as gait and fatigue. However, the quality of the studies was moderate, the size of the participants in each study was small, and the outcome measured was partial. Discussion: Although many studies have identified statistically significant changes following the administration of the TC training protocol, further studies are needed, with appropriate study power, better quality, and a higher sample size

Una experiencia educativa en una asignatura universitaria de desarrollo de software en un contexto educacional virtual forzado por el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio

El año 2020 se encuentra teñido por la incertidumbre, donde una Pandemia nos azota desde principios de marzo. En este contexto, el Gobierno Nacional ha decretado el “Aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio” el cual ha resultado en un cambio de paradigma social profundo, donde las instituciones educativas no han sido la excepción. Para hacer frente a este desafío, y en particular, nuestra Institución educativa, han tenido que reinventarse para enfrentar este nuevo paradigma de educación, uno que es íntegramente virtual. El propósito principal de este trabajo es recabar información cuantificable del grado de aceptación por un grupo de alumnos y docentes a esta nueva metodología de trabajo, completamente virtual y aprovechando las virtudes de las herramientas de última generación. Las asignaturas en cuestión son de índole tecnológico, y poseen como finalidad el desarrollo de software específico. Los alumnos fue-ron provistos de las herramientas para hacerle frente a este escenario y evaluaremos si estas han sido usadas correctamente o no. Concluiremos con un análisis detallado de esta primera experiencia y evaluaremos la posibilidad de que este formato virtual sea provechoso para los docentes y los alumnos una vez re-instituido el cursado presencial para ofrecerlo como una opción viable a largo plazo.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

A novel clustering approach for biological data using a new distance based on Gene Ontology

When applying clustering algorithms on biological data the information about biological processes is not usually present in an explicit way, although this knowledge is later used by biologists to validate the clusters and the relations found among data. This work presents a new distance measure for biological data which combines expression and semantic information, in order to be used into a clustering algorithm. The distance is calculated pairwise among all pairs of genes and it is incorporated during the training process of the clustering algorithm. The approach was evaluated on two real datasets using several validation measures. The obtained results are consistent across all the measures, showing better semantic quality for clusters with the new algorithm in comparison to standard clustering.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ