ECONOMIA VERDE E ECONOMIA CIRCULAR:

Environment and Economy maintain an extremely intimate relationship with each other, since economic activity is based on the use of natural resources. In fact, Economics only makes sense to the extent that all its studies and analyzes focus on goods that circulate and are socially produced, which occurs thanks to the use/transformation of goods that are extracted from nature. The purpose of this article is to analyze two economic schools arising from sustainable development: the green economy and the circular economy, and from them, reflect on how Brazilian environmental legislation has been adapting to new production projects that mitigate environmental impact, highlighting the Law of National Solid Waste Policy and the polluter-pays, user-pays and protector-receiver principles. To substantiate the study, bibliographic and comparative methodological procedures will be used. This work is divided into three chapters, the first being on Sustainable Development and the Green Economy: Conceptions that intertwine; the second deals with the Circular Economy and the third with the Legal Instruments Arising from Sustainable Economic Thought in BrazilMeio Ambiente e Economia mantém uma relação extremamente intima entre si, já que a atividade econômica se faz sobre a utilização de recursos naturais. De fato, a Economia somente tem sentido na medida em que todos seus estudos e análises se voltam para os bens que circulam e são produzidos socialmente, o que ocorre graças a utilização/transformação dos bens que são extraídos da natureza. O intuito desse artigo é analisar duas escolas econômicas advindas do desenvolvimento sustentável: a economia verde e a economia circular, e a partir delas, refletir como a legislação ambiental brasileira vem se adequando aos novos projetos de produção mitigadores do impacto ambiental, destacando a Lei de Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos e os princípios do poluidor-pagador, do usuário- pagador e do protetor-recebedor. Para consubstanciar o estudo serão usados os procedimentos metodológicos bibliográfico e comparativo. Este trabalho divide-se em três capítulos, sendo o primeiro, sobre O Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Economia Verde: Concepções que se entremeiam; o segundo trata da Economia Circular e o terceiro sobre os Instrumentos Jurídicos Advindos do Pensamento Econômico Sustentável no Brasil

Atitudes de estudantes de medicina em relação ao suicídio

INTRODUÇÃO: Profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde atendem indivíduos deprimidos em situação de crise e que tentam suicídio, e as atitudes em relação a esses pacientes podem ser determinantes na evolução dos casos. OBJETIVO: Verificar as atitudes de estudantes frente ao paciente suicida. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo com delineamento transversal realizado com graduandos da Faculdade de Medicina de Barbacena(MG) em 2013. Os estudantes foram divididos em dois grupos: pré-clínico e pós-clínico. O instrumento utilizado neste estudo foi o Questionário de Atitudes em Relação ao Comportamento Suicida. RESULTADOS: A comparação dos escores médios obtidos em cada grupo evidenciou diferença significativa, com maior escore apresentado pelo grupo pós-clínico (p=0,028). Esse achado indica que estudantes de períodos mais avançados exibem atitudes mais positivas em relação ao suicídio que alunos iniciantes no curso de Medicina. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que um contato maior com o paciente suicida e maior conhecimento teórico sobre o suicídio e seus fatores determinantes podem ser capazes de modificar de forma favorável as atitudes dos estudantes

Troxerutin Prevents 5-Fluorouracil Induced Morphological Changes in the Intestinal Mucosa: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway

Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, has been reported as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TRX on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, TRX-50, TRX-100, TRX-150, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + TRX-100. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), mast and goblet cell counts, immunohistochemical analysis, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Compared to the saline treatment, the 5-FU treatment induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height. TRX treatment (100 mg/kg) prevented the 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress by decreasing the MDA levels and increasing GSH concentration. TRX attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. TRX also reversed the depletion of goblet cells. Our findings suggest that TRX at a concentration of 100 mg/kg had chemopreventive effects on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis via COX-2 pathway

High rates of unprotected receptive anal intercourse and their correlates among young and older MSM in Brazil

Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, of the Secretariat for Health Surveillance of the Brazilian Ministry of HealthUniversidade Federal de São João del-Rei. Divinopolis, MG, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes. Recife, PE, Brazil.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Faculdade de Ciências Medicas Santa Casa de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade do Estado Bahia. Departamento de Ciências da Vida. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Tulane University. School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. New Orleans, LA, USA / Universidade Federal do Ceara. Dept Community Hlth. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Ceara. Dept Community Hlth. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Alfredo Mata. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Recife, PE, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Recife, PE, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Campo Grande, MS, Brazil / Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Universidade de Brasilia. Brasilia, DF, Brazil.Universidade de Brasilia. Brasilia, DF, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Faculdade de Ciências Medicas Santa Casa de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Ceara. Project PI. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.Centro Universitário Autônomo do Brasil. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Ceara. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Ceara. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.Secretaria Saúde Ceará. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.Tulane University. New Orleans, LA, USA / Universidade Federal do Ceara. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.University of California San Francisco. San Francisco, CA, USA.University of California San Francisco. San Francisco, CA, USA.Ministério da Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância, Prevenção e Controle das IST, do HIV/Aids e das Hepatites Virais. Brasilia, DF, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância, Prevenção e Controle das IST, do HIV/Aids e das Hepatites Virais. Brasilia, DF, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância, Prevenção e Controle das IST, do HIV/Aids e das Hepatites Virais. Brasilia, DF, Brazil.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI), stratified by age (18-24 or 25 + years old), in a sample of 4,129 MSM recruited by respondent driven sampling in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016. The prevalence of URAI was higher among younger MSM (41.9% vs 29.7%) (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that perception of risk, sexual identity, self-rated health status, and having commercial sex were associated with URAI among younger MSM. History of sexual violence, sex with younger partners, having 6 + partners and unprotected sexual debut were associated with URAI among older MSM. Marital status, having stable partner, and reporting sex with men only were associated with URAI in both groups. Despite access to condoms and lubricants, preventive efforts may not be reaching MSM effectively. Age specific intervention approaches, including stigma, discrimination, and perception of risk must be considered

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq