Connecting Supply Chain Through Sustainability: Initiating a Multi-Disciplinary, Multi-Industry Approach Using the Case of Beef Cattle

Disciplinary perspectives of supply chains are influenced by the “silo” nature of academia. For example, educators typically train students about appropriate supply chain management starting with the manufacturer of products used in their particular industry, as opposed to investigating the entire supply chain from raw material producer to finished consumer product through disposal or recycling. When educating sustainability, understanding the extent and interrelated nature of the entire supply chain is essential. Without foundational knowledge and systems thinking, students may not understand the impact of business decisions on sustainability, and motivation to make sustainable choices may be lacking. This project aims to develop a Collaborative Grant Type 2 to infuse sustainability education into a variety of baccalaureate programs (e.g., animal sciences, hospitality and textile programs) using the study of beef cattle. Beef cattle present complex issues that involve a global view of the challenge to feed, clothe and fuel 9.6 billion people by the year 2050 while conserving finite resources

Very Large-Scale Motions in Smooth and Rough Wall Boundary Layers

Structural skeleton of high Reynolds number flow gives insight into smooth and rough walls. (modeling implications not yet clear) Dynamic roughness as a model of "designer" roughness: a) Impose length scale(s) and dominant frequency. b) Irregular roughness well-represented by first "few" POD modes (Christensen, 2009). Experiments and simple model demonstrate: a) Harmonics associated with forcing (and w) important. b) Change to the mean profile (skin friction)

Perspectives of San Juan healthcare practitioners on the detection deficit in oral premalignant and early cancers in Puerto Rico: a qualitative research study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Puerto Rico, relative to the United States, a disparity exists in detecting oral precancers and early cancers. To identify factors leading to the deficit in early detection, we obtained the perspectives of San Juan healthcare practitioners whose practice could be involved in the detection of such oral lesions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Key informant (KI) interviews were conducted with ten clinicians practicing in or around San Juan, Puerto Rico. We then triangulated our KI interview findings with other data sources, including recent literature on oral cancer detection from various geographic areas, current curricula at the University of Puerto Rico Schools of Medicine and Dental Medicine, as well as local health insurance regulations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Key informant-identified factors that likely contribute to the detection deficit include: many practitioners are deficient in knowledge regarding oral cancer and precancer; oral cancer screening examinations are limited regarding which patients receive them and the elements included. In Puerto Rico, specialists generally perform oral biopsies, and patient referral can be delayed by various factors, including government-subsidized health insurance, often referred to as Reforma. Reforma-based issues include often inadequate clinician knowledge regarding Reforma requirements/provisions, diagnostic delays related to Reforma bureaucracy, and among primary physicians, a perceived financial disincentive in referring Reforma patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Addressing these issues may be useful in reducing the deficit in detecting oral precancers and early oral cancer in Puerto Rico.</p

J. E. Lehew letter to Warren G. Harding, March 1920

In this letter dated March 1920, J. E. Lehew of Uhrichsville Board of Trade writes to Senator Warren G. Harding in regards to an anti-Harding poster distributed by a railroad organization, with the hope that Harding can somehow counteract the bad publicity. This letter is part of the Warren G. Harding Papers (MSS 345). This collection includes correspondence, business records, and other materials documenting Harding’s business career as owner and editor-in-chief of The Daily Marion Star, as well as the various stages of his political career. A significant portion of the collection, and what’s available on Ohio Memory, highlights his 1920 presidential campaign, spanning just before publicly announcing his candidacy to handily defeating Ohio Governor James M. Cox in the election. Correspondents include both Ohio and national businessmen, political figures, and ordinary citizens writing with questions, support, congratulatory notes, and campaign advice. Some of the most interesting insights into the tumultuous political climate in the U.S., the extreme factionalism within the Republican Party in Ohio, and Harding’s campaign strategies are described in letters between Harding and his campaign manager, Harry M. Daugherty. Some of the topics addressed include women’s suffrage, Prohibition, the League of Nations, African American representation and issues, and lingering peace negotiations following World War I.OFFICERS President J.A.MCCOLLAM Vice Presidents E.P.UHRICH W.P.GREENLEE W.L.WILCOXON Treasurer C.W.ROSEL Secretary W.B.DEVINE Uhrichsville Board of Trade Uhrichsville, Tuscarawas County, Ohio A HUSTLING CITY of 6,000 People...100 miles from Columbus, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, on Main lines of Pennsylvania and B.&O. Railroads...Greatest Sewer Pipe Center in the World...An Ideal Location for Factories...A Good Place to Live...Miles of Paved Streets and Roads...Dennison, our Twin City, 5,000 People TRUSTEES & CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES R.K.FURBAY Membership P.A.ROMIG Public Utilities F.B.MAURER Streets & Roads W.G.SMITH New Industries J.E.SMITH Mercantile Interests G.W.REED Publicity O.U.LATTO City Improvements J.E.GROVES Finance W.V.MOODY Education & Taxation [the rest is hand written] Uhrichsville O [date? 3] Hon Warren G. Harding Marion O My Dear Mr Harding I am enclosing herewith postal which is being distributed broad cast by The Rail Road Organization which I consider a dirty piece of politics on their part. I hope that you may be able to get something to us to counteract their action. Very Truly yours JE Lehe

A study of the three-dimensional spectral energy distribution in a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer

Time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements performed in wall parallel planes at three wall normal locations, y^+ = 34, 108, and 278, in a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer at Re_τ = 470 are used to illuminate the distribution of streamwise velocity fluctuations in a three-dimensional energy spectrum (2D in space and 1D in time) over streamwise, spanwise, and temporal wavelengths. Two high-speed cameras placed side by side in the streamwise direction give a 10δ × 5δ streamwise by spanwise field of view with a vector spacing of Δx^+ = Δz^+ ≈ 37 and a time step of Δt^+ = 0.5. Although 3D wavenumber-frequency spectra have been calculated in acoustics studies, to the authors’ knowledge this is the first time they has been calculated and presented for a turbulent boundary layer. The calculation and normalization of this spectrum, its relation to 2D and 1D spectra, and the effects of the PIV algorithm on its shape are carefully analyzed and outlined

Time-resolved measurements of coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer

Time-resolved particle image velocimetry was used to examine the structure and evolution of swirling coherent structure (SCS), one interpretation of which is a marker for a three-dimensional coherent vortex structure, in wall-parallel planes of a turbulent boundary layer with a large field of view, 4.3δ × 2.2δ. Measurements were taken at four different wall-normal locations ranging from y/δ = 0.08–0.48 at a friction Reynolds number, Re_τ = 410. The data set yielded statistically converged results over a larger field of view than typically observed in the literature. The method for identifying and tracking swirling coherent structure is discussed, and the resulting trajectories, convection velocities, and lifespan of these structures are analyzed at each wall-normal location. The ability of a model in which the entirety of an individual SCS travels at a single convection velocity, consistent with the attached eddy hypothesis of Townsend (The structure of turbulent shear flows. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976), to describe the data is investigated. A methodology for determining whether such structures are “attached” or “detached” from the wall is also proposed and used to measure the lifespan and convection velocity distributions of these different structures. SCS were found to persist for longer periods of time further from the wall, particularly those inferred to be “detached” from the wall, which could be tracked for longer than 5 eddy turnover times

On the structure of wall turbulence in the thermally neutral atmospheric surface layer

Recent experimental investigations of the canonical turbulent boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers has provided evidence on the active role of very large‐scale structures, extending in the streamwise direction for several boundary layer heights, and modulating near‐wall turbulence from the energy containing eddy scales down to the dissipative scales. However, the physical mechanisms governing such interactions are not completely clear yet, and the reason may be related to the fact that the structure of wall turbulence at high Reynolds numbers still deserves further investigation. In this contribution we present recent results on the structural population in wall turbulence. We compare statistical trends obtained in two very different Reynolds number experiments, one in the atmospheric surface layer at SLTEST and one in a flat plate turbulent boundary layer. While the very large‐scale structures of turbulence and the near‐wall turbulent streaks are observed to have a well‐defined location in physical space and in the energetic domain, based on the frequency or wave number spectra, the intermediate scale motions that manifest as ramplike structures still seem to suffer from Reynolds number effects. Results suggest that outer scaling may not be appropriate, implying that ramplike structures are more likely confined to the near‐wall region in very high Reynolds‐number flows such as the atmospheric surface layer. Spatially resolved measurements at high Reynolds numbers are needed to univocally define the correct scaling of ramplike structures and to assess Reynolds number effects in the structural description of zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers

Incidence and cost of sexual violence in Iowa

Background Sexual violence is a serious and costly public health problem. Current research that systematically documents the broad range of economic costs of sexual violence is lacking. Purpose To estimate the incidence and costs of sexual violence in Iowa in 2009. Methods Using data obtained from population surveys, six Iowa government agencies, and other sources, we estimated sexual violence incidence, costs per incident, and total costs in 2009 dollars, by age and sexual violence category, and for various cost elements. We calculated direct costs of medical care, mental health care, property damage, victim services, investigation, adjudication, and sanctioning, as well as indirect costs for lost work and quality of life. We collected data in 2010-2011 and completed analysis in 2013. Results In 2009, an estimated 55,340 individuals experienced sexual violence in Iowa, including 49,510 adults and 5,930 children. Nearly three of every four victims were women. The estimated total cost of sexual violence in 2009 was $4.7 billion, equating to$1,580 per resident. This estimate included $4.44 billion in indirect costs and$265 million in direct costs. In the same year, the government spent an estimated $100.6 million as a result of sexual violence in Iowa, more than half of which ($55.3 million) was spent on perpetrators and little ($0.9 million) on prevention. Conclusions The economic costs of sexual violence are high for individuals and society. Cost information can help identify the burden of sexual violence relative to other social problems in Iowa and prioritize funding for prevention and intervention. © 2014 American Journal of Preventive Medicine