Shooting with intent

The essay "Shooting with Intent" explores the relationship between the documentary camera and the gun, forging new ground in film studies which has amply covered the terrain of fiction film and warfare, but has done little to address the documentary camera in situations of conflict. The volume includes the best-known names in the field and is already being taught widely

Estimating Preservative Release From Treated wood Exposed to Precipitation1

Accelerated leaching methods are needed to better estimate emissions from treated wood used above ground or above water. In this study, we evaluated leaching methods using continuous immersion, dip immersion, and simulated rainfall approaches. Copper and/or boron emissions were measured for specimens treated with either chromated copper arsenate Type C (CCA-C) or a borax-copper (BC) preservative. The results of these leaching tests were compared with the extent of wetting and drying within the specimens and with the published reports of leaching and MC under natural exposures. Release per unit surface area was generally greatest with the simulated rainfall or constant immersion methods, but the relationship between the methods was dependent on the leaching characteristics of the specific preservative formulation. The lowest emissions were found for small specimens exposed to dip immersions. Comparison of the simulated rainfall results to published values indicates that the rainfall method and dip immersion scenarios underestimate copper release from wood exposed outdoors, and that the methods evaluated do not adequately simulate the wetting and drying conditions encountered in natural exposures. Further research is needed to better characterize the wetting and drying of in-service treated wood and to adapt test methods to more closely simulate these conditions

Glare Reduction by Dark Facial Markings and Bills in Birds

Avian facial plumage, bill coloration, and feather microstructure may serve one or more adaptive functions. Several researchers have proposed that dark eyestripes, bills, and facial masks aid in reducing glare, however, there have been relatively few tests of this hypothesis. Dark facial markings have been shown to have an adaptive glare-reduction function in recent field studies of a few species, but this hypothesis has never been tested in a broad multispecies analysis. It is likely that feather microstructure influences feather brightness and has an effect on the efficacy of glare reduction properties of feathers. I examined the link between dark facial markings and glare reduction under natural lighting conditions in several bird species, using a spectrometer probe placed in the eye-position of museum specimens. As a measure of glare, I quantified the reduction in irradiance in full, natural sunlight, for specimens varying in bill and head plumage coloration and pattern. Each specimen was tested with the head held at various angles to mimic natural foraging positions. I also quantified the brightness of bills and plumage surrounding the eye of these same specimens using reflectance spectroscopy. Correlations between irradiance measurements and the bill and plumage brightness were analyzed. Facial feather microstructure, proximal and distal barbule density, and pith:cortex ratio were examined using scanning electron microscopy. I then correlated these characteristics to plumage brightness of both light and dark patches. A significant relationship with average head darkness and reduction in irradiance values was found when the eye faced directly into the sun, and when it was rotated horizontally 45° away from the sun. Dark patches in the anterior and posterior dorsal quadrants are most important in this reduction in irradiance. Of feather microstructural features, the pith:cortex ratio affected plumage brightness of the entire head, with a larger pith:cortex ratio being associated with darker plumage. Proximal and distal barbule density also play a role in feather brightness. Increased proximal barbule density was correlated with darker plumage, while in an opposing trend increased distal barbule density was correlated with lighter plumage. Future research could expand on the link between these and related features to plumage coloration, with an emphasis on glare reduction or their functions in the feathers of diurnal species

Incorporating Geophysical Data in Slope Stability Modeling for Two Slopes in Arkansas

Slope failures in the United States alone cause millions of dollars in damage to infrastructure, threaten national monuments, create environmental hazards, and take an average of 25-50 lives a year. With the inevitable construction that occurs on slopes, it is imperative that the slopes be properly designed which requires a thorough understanding of slope grade, subsurface soil conditions, soil strength parameters, water table locations, and depth to bedrock across the entire site. The preferred method of data collection would be to use borings and other in-situ methods; however, sometimes due to cost constraints or site accessibility only a very limited number of borings can be taken at a site. Another option, is to use geophysical methods of data collection. These techniques are non-destructive, efficient, cost-effective for large areas, and have been shown to be reliable in past studies. This paper investigated how the addition of geophysical data affects the slope stability analysis for two slopes located in Arkansas. One slope was located in Sand Gap, Arkansas and the second slope was located in Ozark, Arkansas. Slide by Rocscience was used as the stability software and the Simplified Bishop, Simplified Janbu, and Morgenstern-Price were selected as the methods of analysis. The results from this study show that the addition of geophysical data can greatly impact the calculated factor of safety for a slope as well as the failure locations, especially at sites where a very limited number of borings were taken

The Politics of Memory in Post-War Europe

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Richard Ned Lebow is the James O. Freedman Presidential Professor of Government at Dartmouth College and fellow of the Centre of International Studies at the University of Cambridge. He will lecture on "The Politics of Memory in Post-War Europe."Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security StudiesEvent webpage, photo