4,517 research outputs found
The policy-driven peak and reduction of China's carbon emissions
Pursuant to the Paris Agreement, China committed itself to peak its carbon emissions by around 2030 and to increase the non-fossil share of primary energy to 20% at the same time. The government has supported the international agreement by setting and strengthening the domestic policy targets for an earlier peak and faster reduction, aiming to contain the average global temperature increase to well below 2 °C. We develop a Kaya Inequality method to assess the time of peak and pace of reduction of China's energy-related CO2 emissions based on the national energy policy targets for 2030. We find that, despite the minor fluctuations, the current plateau essentially represents the peak emissions and should enter a phase of steady decline by around 2025, given current trends in energy consumption and decarbonization. Such developments would be consistent with the strengthened national policy target to achieve 50% of renewable power generation by 2030. However, the basic policy targets – a 20% share of non-fossil energy and 6 Gtce in total energy consumption by 2030 – would be insufficient to peak carbon emissions by around 2030. The synergy and interplay between domestic policy target setting and international climate commitments shed light on the need to elevate national climate ambitions under the Paris Agreement and beyond
Remarks on the extension of the Ricci flow
We present two new conditions to extend the Ricci flow on a compact manifold
over a finite time, which are improvements of some known extension theorems.Comment: 9 pages, to appear in Journal of Geometric Analysi
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Chloride channels regulate differentiation and barrier functions of the mammalian airway.
The conducting airway forms a protective mucosal barrier and is the primary target of airway disorders. The molecular events required for the formation and function of the airway mucosal barrier, as well as the mechanisms by which barrier dysfunction leads to early onset airway diseases, remain unclear. In this study, we systematically characterized the developmental landscape of the mouse airway using single-cell RNA sequencing and identified remarkably conserved cellular programs operating during human fetal development. We demonstrated that in mouse, genetic inactivation of chloride channel Ano1/Tmem16a compromises airway barrier function, results in early signs of inflammation, and alters the airway cellular landscape by depleting epithelial progenitors. Mouse Ano1-/-mutants exhibited mucus obstruction and abnormal mucociliary clearance that resemble the airway defects associated with cystic fibrosis. The data reveal critical and non-redundant roles for Ano1 in organogenesis, and show that chloride channels are essential for mammalian airway formation and function
Two low-power optical data transmission ASICs for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter readout upgrade
A serializer ASIC and a VCSEL driver ASIC are needed for the front-end
optical data transmission in the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter readout phase-I
upgrade. The baseline ASICs are the serializer LOCx2 and the VCSEL driver
LOCld, designed in a 0.25-{\mu}m Silicon-on-Sapphire (SoS) CMOS technology and
consumed 843 mW and 320 mW, respectively. Based on a 130-nm CMOS technology, we
design two pin-to-pin-compatible backup ASICs, LOCx2-130 and LOCld-130. Their
power consumptions are much lower then of their counterparts, whereas other
performance, such as the latency, data rate, and radiation tolerance, meet the
phase-I upgrade requirements. We present the design of LOCx2-130 and LOCld-130.
The test results of LOCx2-130 are also presented.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure
Probing Genuine Multipartite Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Steering and Entanglement Under an Open Tripartite System
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering is a peculiar quantum nonlocal correlation and has unique physical characteristics and a wide application prospect. Even more importantly, multipartite steerable states have more vital applications in the future quantum information field. Thus, in this work, we explored the dynamics characteristics of both genuine multipartite steering (GMS) and genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) and the relations of both under an open tripartite system. Specifically, the tripartite decoherence system may be modeled by the three parties of a tripartite state that undergo the noisy channels. The conditions for genuine entangled and steerable states can be acquired for the initial tripartite state. The results showed that decoherence noises can degrade the genuine multipartite entanglement and genuine multipartite steering and even induce its death. Explicitly, GME and GMS disappear with the increase in the decoherence strength under the phase damping channel. However, GME and GMS rapidly decay to death with the increase in the channel-noise factor and then come back to life soon after in the bit flip channel. Additionally, the results indicate that GMS is born of GME, but GME does not imply GMS, which means that the set of genuine multipartite steerable states is a strict subset of the set of genuine multipartite entangled states. These conclusions may be useful for discussing the relationship of quantum nonlocal correlations (GME and GMS) in the decoherence systems
Strong Neel ordering and luminescence correlation in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet
Magneto-optical effect has been widely used in light modulation, optical
sensing and information storage. Recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) van
der Waals layered magnets are considered as promising platforms for
investigating novel magneto-optical phenomena and devices, due to the
long-range magnetic ordering down to atomically-thin thickness, rich species
and tunable properties. However, majority 2D antiferromagnets suffer from low
luminescence efficiency which hinders their magneto-optical investigations and
applications. Here, we uncover strong light-magnetic ordering interactions in
2D antiferromagnetic MnPS3 utilizing a newly-emerged near-infrared
photoluminescence (PL) mode far below its intrinsic bandgap. This ingap PL mode
shows strong correlation with the Neel ordering and persists down to monolayer
thickness. Combining the DFT, STEM and XPS, we illustrate the origin of the PL
mode and its correlation with Neel ordering, which can be attributed to the
oxygen ion-mediated states. Moreover, the PL strength can be further tuned and
enhanced using ultraviolet-ozone treatment. Our studies offer an effective
approach to investigate light-magnetic ordering interactions in 2D
antiferromagnetic semiconductors
The energy spectrum of all-particle cosmic rays around the knee region observed with the Tibet-III air-shower array
We have already reported the first result on the all-particle spectrum around
the knee region based on data from 2000 November to 2001 October observed by
the Tibet-III air-shower array. In this paper, we present an updated result
using data set collected in the period from 2000 November through 2004 October
in a wide range over 3 decades between eV and eV, in which
the position of the knee is clearly seen at around 4 PeV. The spectral index is
-2.68 0.02(stat.) below 1PeV, while it is -3.12 0.01(stat.) above 4
PeV in the case of QGSJET+HD model, and various systematic errors are under
study now.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Advances in space researc
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