76,505 research outputs found
Dielectric constant of glasses: first observation of a two-dimensional behavior
The 1kHz real part of the dielectric constant of a structural glass
was measured at low temperature down to 14 mK. Reducing the sample
thickness to 10 nm suppresses the usual minimum of for measuring
fields MV/m. This contradicts the Two Level System (TLS) model but is
well accounted for by including TLS-TLS interactions where excitations
delocalize between TLS's through a -induced mechanism recently designed: for
small 's this interaction is reduced, which explains the two-dimensional
behavior of . Hence, interactions play a key role in standard thick
samples.Comment: latex finesse3.tex, 5 files, 4 figures, 4 pages [SPEC-S02/050],
submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
ASAP : towards accurate, stable and accelerative penetrating-rank estimation on large graphs
Pervasive web applications increasingly require a measure of similarity among objects. Penetrating-Rank (P-Rank) has been one of the promising link-based similarity metrics as it provides a comprehensive way of jointly encoding both incoming and outgoing links into computation for emerging applications. In this paper, we investigate P-Rank efficiency problem that encompasses its accuracy, stability and computational time. (1) We provide an accuracy estimate for iteratively computing P-Rank. A symmetric problem is to find the iteration number K needed for achieving a given accuracy ε. (2) We also analyze the stability of P-Rank, by showing that small choices of the damping factors would make P-Rank more stable and well-conditioned. (3) For undirected graphs, we also explicitly characterize the P-Rank solution in terms of matrices. This results in a novel non-iterative algorithm, termed ASAP , for efficiently computing P-Rank, which improves the CPU time from O(n 4) to O( n 3 ). Using real and synthetic data, we empirically verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our approaches
Shock statistics in higher-dimensional Burgers turbulence
We conjecture the exact shock statistics in the inviscid decaying Burgers
equation in D>1 dimensions, with a special class of correlated initial
velocities, which reduce to Brownian for D=1. The prediction is based on a
field-theory argument, and receives support from our numerical calculations. We
find that, along any given direction, shocks sizes and locations are
uncorrelated.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figure
Foot-operated cell-counter
Cell-counter for cell indices consists of a footboard with four pressure sensitive switches and an enclosure for the components and circuitry. This device increases the operators efficiency by reducing the number of required hand movements
Stability of 3D Cubic Fixed Point in Two-Coupling-Constant \phi^4-Theory
For an anisotropic euclidean -theory with two interactions [u
(\sum_{i=1^M {\phi}_i^2)^2+v \sum_{i=1}^M \phi_i^4] the -functions are
calculated from five-loop perturbation expansions in
dimensions, using the knowledge of the large-order behavior and Borel
transformations. For , an infrared stable cubic fixed point for
is found, implying that the critical exponents in the magnetic phase
transition of real crystals are of the cubic universality class. There were
previous indications of the stability based either on lower-loop expansions or
on less reliable Pad\'{e approximations, but only the evidence presented in
this work seems to be sufficently convincing to draw this conclusion.Comment: Author Information under
http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Paper also at
http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/kleiner_re250/preprint.htm
Utilization of tmRNA sequences for bacterial identification
In recent years, molecular approaches based on nucleotide sequences of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) have become widely used tools for identification of bacteria [1-4]. The high degree of evolutionary conservation makes 16S and 23S rRNA molecules very suitable for phylogenetic studies above the species level [3-5]. More than 16,000 sequences of 16S rRNA are presently available in public databases [4,6]. The 16S rRNA sequences are commonly used to design fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with these probes followed by observation with epifluorescence microscopy allows the identification of a specific microorganism in a mixture with other bacteria [2-4]. By shifting probe target sites from conservative to increasingly variable regions of rRNA, it is possible to adjust the probe specificity from kingdom to species level. Nevertheless, 16S rRNA sequences of closely related strains, subspecies, or even of different species are often identical and therefore can not be used as differentiating markers [3]. Another restriction concerns the accessibility of target sites to the probe in FISH experiments. The presence of secondary structures, or protection of rRNA segments by ribosomal proteins in fixed cells can limit the choice of variable regions as in situ targets for oligonucleotide probes [7,8]. One way to overcome the limitations of in situ identification of bacteria is to use molecules other than rRNA for phylogenetic identification of bacteria, for which nucleotide sequences would be sufficiently divergent to design species specific probes, and which would be more accessible to oligonucleotide probes. For this purpose we investigated the possibility of using tmRNA (also known as 10Sa RNA; [9-11]). This molecule was discovered in E. coli and described as small stable RNA, present at ~1,000 copies per cell [9,11]. The high copy number is an important prerequisite for FISH, which works best with naturally amplified target molecules. In E. coli, tmRNA is encoded by the ssrA gene, is 363 nucleotides long and has properties of tRNA and mRNA [12,13]. tmRNA was shown to be involved in the degradation of truncated proteins: the tmRNA associates with ribosomes stalled on mRNAs lacking stop codons, finally resulting in the addition of a C-terminal peptide tag to the truncated protein. The peptide tag directs the abnormal protein to proteolysis [14,15]. 165 tmRNA sequences have so far (August 2001; The tmRNA Website: http://www.indiana.edu/~tmrna/) been determined [16,17]. The tmRNA is likely to be present in all bacteria and has also been found in algae chloroplasts, the cyanelle of Cyanophora paradoxa and the mitochondrion of the flagellate Reclinomonas americana[10,17,18]
Redshifts from Spitzer Spectra for Optically Faint, Radio Selected Infrared Sources
Spectra have been obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer
Space Telescope for 18 optically faint sources (R > 23.9,mag) having f(nu)
(24um) > 1.0,mJy and having radio detections at 20 cm to a limit of 115
microJy. Sources are within the Spitzer First Look Survey. Redshifts are
determined for 14 sources from strong silicate absorption features (12 sources)
or strong PAH emission features (2 sources), with median redshift of 2.1.
Results confirm that optically faint sources of ~1 mJy at 24um are typically at
redshifts z ~ 2, verifying the high efficiency in selecting high redshift
sources based on extreme infrared to optical flux ratio, and indicate that 24um
sources which also have radio counterparts are not systematically different
than samples chosen only by their infrared to optical flux ratios. Using the
parameter q = log[f(nu)(24um)/f(nu)(20 cm)] 17 of the 18 sources observed have
values of 0<q<1, in the range expected for starburst-powered sources, but only
a few of these show strong PAH emission as expected from starbursts, with the
remainder showing absorbed or power-law spectra consistent with an AGN
luminosity source. This confirms previous indications that optically faint
Spitzer sources with f(nu)(24um) > 1.0mJy are predominately AGN and represent
the upper end of the luminosity function of dusty sources at z ~ 2. Based on
the characteristics of the sources observed so far, we predict that the nature
of sources selected at 24um will change for f(nu)(24um) < 0.5 mJy to sources
dominated primarily by starbursts.Comment: Accepted ApJ 20 February 2006, v638 2 issue, 10pages including 3
figure
Minimax Estimation of Nonregular Parameters and Discontinuity in Minimax Risk
When a parameter of interest is nondifferentiable in the probability, the
existing theory of semiparametric efficient estimation is not applicable, as it
does not have an influence function. Song (2014) recently developed a local
asymptotic minimax estimation theory for a parameter that is a
nondifferentiable transform of a regular parameter, where the nondifferentiable
transform is a composite map of a continuous piecewise linear map with a single
kink point and a translation-scale equivariant map. The contribution of this
paper is two fold. First, this paper extends the local asymptotic minimax
theory to nondifferentiable transforms that are a composite map of a Lipschitz
continuous map having a finite set of nondifferentiability points and a
translation-scale equivariant map. Second, this paper investigates the
discontinuity of the local asymptotic minimax risk in the true probability and
shows that the proposed estimator remains to be optimal even when the risk is
locally robustified not only over the scores at the true probability, but also
over the true probability itself. However, the local robustification does not
resolve the issue of discontinuity in the local asymptotic minimax risk
A molecular superfluid: non-classical rotations in doped para-hydrogen clusters
Clusters of para-hydrogen (pH2) have been predicted to exhibit superfluid
behavior, but direct observation of this phenomenon has been elusive. Combining
experiments and theoretical simulations, we have determined the size evolution
of the superfluid response of pH2 clusters doped with carbon dioxide (CO2).
Reduction of the effective inertia is observed when the dopant is surrounded by
the pH2 solvent. This marks the onset of molecular superfluidity in pH2. The
fractional occupation of solvation rings around CO2 correlates with enhanced
superfluid response for certain cluster sizes
Distance statistics in large toroidal maps
We compute a number of distance-dependent universal scaling functions
characterizing the distance statistics of large maps of genus one. In
particular, we obtain explicitly the probability distribution for the length of
the shortest non-contractible loop passing via a random point in the map, and
that for the distance between two random points. Our results are derived in the
context of bipartite toroidal quadrangulations, using their coding by
well-labeled 1-trees, which are maps of genus one with a single face and
appropriate integer vertex labels. Within this framework, the distributions
above are simply obtained as scaling limits of appropriate generating functions
for well-labeled 1-trees, all expressible in terms of a small number of basic
scaling functions for well-labeled plane trees.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, minor corrections, new added reference
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