Interest rate pass-through estimates from error correction models ECM

This paper examines the degree of pass-through and adjustment speed of retail interest rates in response to changes in monetary policy rates in commercial banks of Viet Nam during the period 07/2004 to 06/2014. The results show that the degree of pass-through of retail interest rates is incomplete but high (0.7-0.93). The adjustment speed of money market rates & retail interest rates is relatively slow. It takes from 3 to 6 months for money market rates & retail interest rates to be adjusted to long-term equilibrium, except 1 month VNIBOR. 1 month VNIBOR is sensitive to changes of discount rate & refinancing rate in short-term, contrary to 3 month VNIBOR . The degree of pass-through from market rates to retail interest rates is fairly high in the long-term but low in the short-term. The degree of pass-through is different between various retail interest rates. Specifically, the degree of pass-through of deposit rates is higher than that of lending rates both in the short-term & long-term

Influence of foliar application with Moringa oleifera residue fertilizer on growth, and yield quality of leafy vegetables

Biofertilizers produced from organic materials help to promote the growth, and yield quality of crops and is more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizers. Moringa oleifera is a leafy vegetable whose leaves are also used to make biofertilizers. The use of moringa non-edible parts in biofertilizer preparation remains under-explored. In this study, a procedure to produce moringa foliar biofertilizer (MFB) from non-edible parts was developed. The effect of composting time (3 to 4 months) on the quality of MFB was investigated, and four-month incubation was found suitable for biofertilizers yield with the highest nitrogen content and optimal pH. Furthermore, the influences of MFB doses (20 to 100 mL per Litre) on the growth of lettuce and mustard spinach were studied. The yield of these leafy vegetables was the highest at 100 mL per Litre of MFB spray. Finally, MFB was compared with other commercial foliar sprays, including chitosan fertilizer and seaweed fertilizer. Each foliar treatment was applied every five days until five days before harvest. Plant height, the number of leaves, canopy diameter, leaf area index, actual yield, ascorbic acid content, and Brix were found to be similar in lettuce sprayed with MFB, chitosan, and seaweed fertilizers. In conclusion, the application of MFB promoted the growth and yield of mustard spinach

Spatiotemporal evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants during large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19, Vietnam, 2021

We analyzed 1,303 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from Vietnam, and found the Alpha and Delta variants were responsible for a large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19 in 2021. The Delta variant was confined to the AY.57 lineage and caused >1.7 million infections and >32,000 deaths. Viral transmission was strongly affected by nonpharmaceutical interventions

Three-Level Optical Stark Effect of Excitons in GaAs Cylindrical Quantum Wires

This study looks at the three-level optical Stark effect of excitons in GaAs cylindrical quantum wires, utilizing the renormalized wave function theory. By applying the three-level model consisting of the first two electron levels connected via a powerful pump laser and the first hole level, we observe the appearance of the excitonic optical Stark effect through the appearance of two separated peaks in the exciton absorption spectra. In addition, the strong impact of the pump laser detuning and the wire radius on the optical Stark effect are also put under thorough examination. Finally, a brief guidance for experimental verification is also suggested

ĐỊNH DANH VÀ NHÂN GIỐNG GỪNG ĐEN (Distichochlamys citrea) BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIÂM HOM

Distichochlamys citrea is a medicinal plant endemic to Vietnam and has valuable benefits for treating a variety of diseases. The black ginger samples collected from Bach Ma National Park have differences in colour and shape of stems and leaves. These two characteristics are essential for identifying the correct D. citrea species. We determined the morphological and molecular characteristics of the D. citrea samples and evaluated the effect of factors on the propagation of these species with the rhizome cutting method. Using the ITS marker, we recognised that these black ginger samples belong to Distichochlamys citrea species. The 2 g rhizome is suitable for cutting. Trichoderma (0.2 kg/kg rhizome) was utilized for treating the cutting rhizome. The substrate containing coir, sand, clean soil, earthworm manure, and rice husks (the ratio of 1:1:1:1:1) is the best for the growth of the cuttings. A 100 ppm IBA solution is the best for the growth and rooting of cutting plantlets. After nine months of growing, we reached the following results: 3.2 shoots/cutting rhizome, 9.6 roots/cutting rhizome, root length of 21.29 cm, plant height of 25.75 cm, and 3.58 leaves/plant.Distichochlamys citrea là loại dược liệu đặc hữu của Việt Nam và có tác dụng quý trong điều trị nhiều loại bệnh. Các mẫu gừng đen thu thập từ Vườn Quốc gia Bạch Mã có sự khác biệt về màu sắc và dạng thân, lá, nên việc xác định chính xác loài dựa vào hai đặc điểm này là cần thiết để thu đúng loài D. citrea. Chúng tôi đã xác định đặc điểm hình thái và phân tử của các mẫu gừng đen và đánh giá ảnh hưởng của các nhân tố đến nhân giống cây D. citrea bằng phương pháp giâm hom. Với chỉ thị ITS, chúng tôi nhận thấy các mẫu gừng này thuộc loài Distichochlamys citrea. Củ có khối lượng 2 g là thích hợp cho giâm hom. Việc sử dụng Trichoderma (0,2 kg/kg hom củ) cho xử lý hom củ và giâm trên giá thể gồm xơ dừa, cát, đất sạch, phân giun quế và trấu hun (tỷ lệ 1:1:1:1:1) có ảnh hưởng tốt nhất đến sinh trưởng của cây gừng đen. Dung dịch tưới IBA 100 ppm là phù hợp cho sinh trưởng và tạo rễ của các cây giâm hom. Sau chín tháng giâm củ, chúng tôi đạt được kết quả sau: 3,2 chồi/hom, 9,6 rễ/hom, rễ dài 21,29 cm, cây cao 25,75 cm và 3,58 lá/cây

A novel hybrid quantum-PSO and credal decision tree ensemble for tropical cyclone induced flash flood susceptibility mapping with geospatial data

International audienceFlash flood is considered as one of the most destructive natural hazards worldwide, especially in tropical countries, where tropical cyclones with torrential rains are recurrent problems yearly. Therefore, an accurate prediction of susceptible areas to flash floods is crucial for developing measures to prevent, avoid, and minimize damages associated with flash floods. The aim of this research is to propose a new state-of-the-art model based on hybridizing Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) and the Credal Decision Tree (CDT) ensemble, namely the QPSO-CDTreeEns model, for spatial prediction of the flash flood. The concept of the proposed model is to build a forest tree of the CDT established through the Random Subspace ensemble. Therein, QPSO is integrated to optimize the three parameters, the subspace size, number of trees, and the maximum depth of trees. A district suffered from a high frequency of flash floods in the north-western mountainous area of Vietnam was selected as a case study. In this regard, a geospatial database that includes a total of 1698 flash flood and inundation polygons derived from Sentinel-1 C-band SAR images and ten input indicators were used to construct and to verify the proposed model. The result shows that the QPSO-CDT-Ens model performed well (Overall accuracy = 90.4, Kappa coefficient = 0.807) and outperformed the five machine learning algorithms in flash flood susceptibility mapping. Among the ten factors, the land-use/land-cover (LULC), the slope, the curvature, and the TWI are the most important indicators. We conclude that the proposed model is a promising tool for flash flood susceptibility mapping in the tropics and may assist decision-makers in sustainable land-use planning in the national disaster mitigation strategies

Two new simple iridoids from the ant-plant <i>Myrmecodia tuberosa</i> and their antimicrobial effects

<p>Six iridoid derivatives (<b>1–6</b>), including two new compounds myrmecodoides A and B (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>), were isolated from the ant-plant <i>Myrmecodia tuberosa</i>. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data (¹H and ¹³C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, ¹H-¹H COSY, NOESY and HR-ESI-MS) and by comparison with the literature values. Among isolates, <b>3</b> and <b>4</b> exhibit weak antibacterial effect against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> subsp. <i>aureus</i> with MIC value of 100.0 μg/mL.</p