10 research outputs found

    Retrospective studies on rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks caused by RHDV GI.2 virus on farms in France from 2013 to 2018

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    [EN] Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a critical health threat to the rabbit industry in Europe. In 2018, the French rabbit industry adopted a voluntary control plan against this disease. In this context, two epidemiological studies were conducted on RHD outbreaks that occurred between 2013 and 2018 in France. The objectives were to describe the spread of RHD due to the new genotype RHDV GI.2 (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus GI.2) and to identify rearing factors influencing the occurrence of the disease in order to guide the prevention measures recommended in the control plan. An analysis of cases on 295 farms between 2013 and 2017 showed that 32% of farms were affected at least once; the incidence of the disease increased in 2016-2017 compared to 2013-2015. Farms already affected in 2013-2015 had a higher risk of being infected in 2016-2017 than those that remained unaffected until 2015 (Relative Risk and 95% Confident Interval 1.7 [1.1-2.7]). A case-control study carried out between 2016 and 2018 on 37 outbreaks and 32 control farms revealed variability in biosecurity and decontamination practices between farms. The risk of being infected tends to be linked to these practices, but certain structural factors (e.g. the manure disposal system, transfer of rabbits at weaning) could also influence the risk of virus introduction into farms. In the context of a limited vaccination coverage of the farms (only females are vaccinated), these hypotheses will be studied further, using information from the RHD outbreak monitoring system implemented at the same time as the control plan in 2018.This study was founded by the French Ministry of Agriculture (2017-430 / 170274).Huneau-SalaĂŒn, A.; Boucher, S.; Fontaine, J.; Le Normand, B.; Lopez, S.; Maurice, T.; Nouvel, L.... (2021). Retrospective studies on rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks caused by RHDV GI.2 virus on farms in France from 2013 to 2018. 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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease and the biological control of wild rabbits, Oryctolagus Cuniculus, in Australia and New Zealand. Wildlife Res., 29: 689-706. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR02010Dalton K.P., Balseiro A., Juste R.A., Podadera A., Nicieza I., del Llano D., GonzĂĄlez R., Martin Alonso J.M., Prieto J.M., Parra F., Casais R. 2018. Clinical course and pathogenicity of variant rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in experimentally infected adult and kit rabbits: Significance towards control and spread. Vet. Microbiol., 220: 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.033Dohoo I., Martin W., Stryhn H. 2003. Measures of disease frequency. In: Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, First Edition, AVC Inc., Charlottetown, Canada, 65-84.Hall R.N., Huang N., Roberts J., Strive T. 2019. Carrion flies as sentinels for monitoring lagovirus activity in Australia. Transboundary Emerg. Dis., 66: 2025-2032. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13250Henning J., Meers J., Davies R., Morris R.S. 2005. Survival of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the environment. Epidemiol. Infect., 133: 719-730. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268805003766Hurand J. 2016. L'Ă©levage de lapins de chair en France, rĂ©sultats technico-Ă©conomiques 2015. Tema, 40.ITAVI. 2019. Situation de la filiĂšre cunicole. Novembre 2019. 6 p. Available athttps://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/note-deconjoncture-lapins-7Accessed December 2019.Le Gall-ReculĂ© G., Zwingelstein F., Boucher S., Le Normand B., Plassiart G., Portejoie Y., Decors A., Bertagnoli S., GuĂ©rin J.L., Marchandeau S. 2011. Detection of a new variant of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in France. Vet. Rec., 168: 137- 138. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.d697Le Gall-ReculĂ© G., Lavazza A., Marchandeau S., Bertagnoli S., Zwingelstein F., Cavadini P., Martinelli N., Lombardi G., GuĂ©rin J.L., Lemaitre E., Decors A., Boucher S., Le Normand B., Capucci L. 2013. Emergence of a new lagovirus related to Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. Vet. 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World Rabbit Sci., 27: 143-156.https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11082Le Pendu J., Abrantes J., Bertagnoli S., Guitton J.S., Le Gall-ReculĂ© G., Lopes A.M., Marchandeau S., Alda F., Almeida T., CĂ©lio A. C., Barcena J., Burmakina G., Blanco E., Calvete C., Cavadini P., Cooke B., Dalton K., Mateos M.D., Deptula W., Eden J.S., Wang F., Ferreira C.C., Ferreira P., Foronda P., Gonçalves D., Gavier-WidĂ©n D., Hall R., Hukowska-Szematowicz B., Kerr P., Kovaliski J., Lavazza A., Mahar J., Malogolovkin A., Marques R.M., Marques S., Martin-Alonso A., Monterroso P., MorenoS., Mutze G., Naimanis A., Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej P., Peacock D., Parra F., Rocchi M., Rouco C., RuvoĂ«n-Clouet N., Silva E., SilvĂ©rio D., Strive T., Thompson G., Tokarz-Deptula B., Esteves P. 2017. Proposal for a unified classification system and nomenclature of lagoviruses. J. Gen. Virol., 98: 1658-1666. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000840Matthaei M., Kerr P.J., Read A.J., Hick P., Haboury S., Wright J.D., Strive T. 2014. Comparative quantitative monitoring of rabbit haemorrhagic disease viruses in rabbit kittens. Virol. J., 11: 109. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-11-109Mc Coll K.A., Merchant J.C., Hardy J., Cooke B.D., Robinson A., Westbury H.A. 2002. Evidence for insect transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. Epidemiol. Infect., 129: 655-663. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268802007756Neimanis A.S., Larsson Pettersson U., Huang N., Gavier-Widen D., Strive T. 2018. Elucidation of the pathology and tissue distribution of Lagovirus europaeus GI.2/RHDV2 (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2) in young and adult rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet. Res., 49:46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0540-zRosell J.M., de la Fuente L.F., Parra F., Dalton K.P., Badiola SĂĄiz J.I., PĂ©rez de Rozas A., Badiola DĂ­ez J.J., FernĂĄndez de Luco D., Casal J., MajĂł N., Casas J., Garriga R., FernĂĄndez Magariños X.M. 2019. Myxomatosis and Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease: A 30-Year Study of the Occurrence on Commercial Farms in Spain. Animals, 9: 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100780Rouco C., Aguayo-AdĂĄn J.A., Santoro S., Abrantes J., Delibes-Mateos M. 2019. Worldwide rapid spread of the novel rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (GI.2/RHDV2/b). Transboundary Emerg. Dis., 66: 1762-1764.https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.1318

    RĂ©duction de l’usage des antibiotiques en filiĂšres monogastriques : Ă©tat d’avancement et perspectives

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    International audienceThe quantity of antimicrobials used in monogastric production (swine, poultry and rabbit) has dropped since the 2000s, and is now relatively stationary. The successive EcoAntibio plans have strengthened the momentum and contributed to drastically reducing the use of critically important antimicrobials. This results from the combined effect of regulatory changes, private voluntary actions implemented in the different sectors, as well as collective and individual professional approaches. Different preventive approaches have been implemented, based on a multifactorial approach of animal health, the refinement of diagnosis of health troubles, and analysis of the causes to define suitable preventive measures. The emphasis has been put on farm management, hygiene, biosecurity, vaccination, nutrition, and the use of alternative products. Antimicrobial prescription practices have also evolved, with establishment of consensual good treatment practice guidelines, generalization of bacteriological testing and antibiograms, correct compliance with dosage, and close health monitoring to tailor treatments. These changes rely on a good relationship between the farmer, the veterinarian and the technician, which has been reinforced through support and training of farmers. Further rationalization of antibimicrobial use needs to target “at-risk farms» and tailor-made actions.La quantitĂ© d’antibiotiques utilisĂ©s dans les filiĂšres monogastriques (porcs, volailles et lapins) a chutĂ© fortement Ă  partir des annĂ©es 2000, et connaĂźt une relative stabilisation depuis quelques annĂ©es. Les plans EcoAntibio successifs ont renforcĂ© la dynamique et contribuĂ© Ă  rĂ©duire drastiquement l’usage des antibiotiques critiques. Cette Ă©volution est la rĂ©sultante combinĂ©e d’évolutions rĂ©glementaires, d’actions volontaires privĂ©es mises en Ɠuvre dans les filiĂšres de production, et de dĂ©marches professionnelles collectives et individuelles. DiffĂ©rentes actions ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place, reposant sur une approche multifactorielle de la santĂ©, l’établissement d’un diagnostic fin des troubles sanitaires de l’élevage, et un travail sur leurs causes sous-jacentes pour dĂ©finir des mesures prĂ©ventives adaptĂ©es. L’accent est mis sur la conduite d’élevage, l’assainissement vis Ă  vis d’agents pathogĂšnes particuliers, la biosĂ©curitĂ©, la vaccination, la nutrition, et l’usage de substances alternatives. Les pratiques d’antibiothĂ©rapie ont aussi Ă©voluĂ©, avec la mise en place de guides de bonnes pratiques consensuels, la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation de l’examen bactĂ©riologique et de l’antibiogramme, la bonne observance des posologies, et le suivi prĂ©cis de la santĂ© pour adapter les traitements. La mise en place de ces Ă©volutions repose par ailleurs sur un bon rapport de confiance entre Ă©leveur, vĂ©tĂ©rinaire et technicien d’élevage, l’accompagnement des Ă©leveurs ayant aussi Ă©tĂ© renforcĂ© via des dispositifs de sensibilisation et de formation. La poursuite de la rationalisation des usages reposera sur le ciblage des exploitations Ă  risque au regard des usages d’antibiotiques et la mise en place d’actions sur-mesure

    Etat des lieux de l'antibiorésistance en élevage cunicole français et application du concept d'exclusion compétitive pour limiter la transmission d'un microbiote maternal antibiorésistant

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    National audienceIn order to fight against antibiotic resistance in livestock, we need to know which antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are relevant in France and then lower their abundance. Out of the 102 ARGs identified by metagenomics across 30 French rabbit husbandries, 5 genes leading to tetracycline resistance belonged to the 10 most abundant ARGs. Quantitative PCR on tetO confirmed that the abundance using metagenomics is relevant. To lower ARGs abundance in kits, a control group was raised in standard conditions (n=5), a NF group had the maternal feces removed from the nest (n=4) and 3 groups were inoculated regularly with suspensions of fecal bacteria originating from farms using less antibiotics. The proportion of enterobacteria resistant to tetracyline was lower in the inoculated groups (45%, 48% and 10%) than in the control group (94%). This trend has to be confirmed in a second trial but competitive exclusion opens interesting means to fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria in livestock.Afin de proposer un systĂšme de maĂźtrise de l'antibiorĂ©sistance microbienne en Ă©levage cunicole, nous avons identifiĂ© les gĂšnes d'antibiorĂ©sistance stratĂ©giques en France et testĂ© une solution potentielle pour limiter le niveau d’antibiorĂ©sistance dans la flore digestive des lapins d’élevage. 102 gĂšnes d’antibiorĂ©sistance ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s par analyse mĂ©tagĂ©nomique des gĂšnes microbiens issus de fĂšces de 30 lapines provenant d’élevages diffĂ©rents. Cinq des 10 gĂšnes d’antibiorĂ©sistance les plus abondants confĂšrent une rĂ©sistance Ă  la tĂ©tracycline, antibiotique le plus utilisĂ© dans le panel d’élevages. Les gĂšnes de rĂ©sistance aux tĂ©tracyclines sont plus abondants dans les Ă©chantillons issus d’élevages consommateurs d’antibiotiques. Les rĂ©sultats de la PCR quantitative du gĂšne tetO sont cohĂ©rents avec l’analyse mĂ©tagĂ©nomique. Nous avons utilisĂ© l'exclusion compĂ©titive pour limiter la transmission d’antibiorĂ©sistance. Les lapereaux de 24 mĂšres traitĂ©es Ă  la tĂ©tracycline ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s dans les conditions standards d’élevage (n=5), dans des conditions de retrait des fĂšces maternelles (n=4) et dans le cas d’inoculation de 3 suspensions fĂ©cales pauvres en bactĂ©ries rĂ©sistantes (n=5, 5 et 5). Le taux d’entĂ©robactĂ©ries rĂ©sistantes Ă  la tĂ©tracycline dans les fĂšces de lapereaux aprĂšs sevrage est moindre (45%, 48% et 10%) dans les lapereaux inoculĂ©s que dans le groupe contrĂŽle (94%). Cette tendance doit ĂȘtre confirmĂ©e Ă  l’aide d’un deuxiĂšme essai. L’exclusion compĂ©titive appliquĂ©e pour limiter le niveau de rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques de la flore fĂ©cale ouvre des perspectives d’action en termes de techniques d’élevages reposant sur la coprophagie

    Premiers résultats du projet RELAPA : génomique pour la résistance génétique des lapins à la pasteurellose

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    Session : GĂ©nĂ©tiqueParticipation Ă  cette Ă©tude : Plateforme d'Infectiologie ExpĂ©rimentale (PFIE) UE 1277 - Nouzilly Centre Inra Val de LoireLa pasteurellose est la premiĂšre cause de mortalitĂ© des femelles en Ă©levage cunicole. Le projet RELAPA (GĂ©nomique pour la REsistance gĂ©nĂ©tique des LApins Ă  la PAsteurellose) a pour objectif de mettre en Ă©vidence des rĂ©gions du gĂ©nome associĂ©es Ă  la rĂ©ponse Ă  la pasteurellose. Pour ce faire, 955 lapins ont Ă©tĂ© inoculĂ©s Ă  6 semaines d’ñge avec une souche de Pasteurella multocida pyogĂšne et suivis pendant 14 jours. La rĂ©ponse des animaux Ă©tait trĂšs variable, avec 7% de lapins rĂ©sistants (sans aucun symptĂŽme de pasteurellose et sans Pasteurella multocida dĂ©tectĂ©e dans les organes) et 11% d’animaux trĂšs sensibles (morts ou euthanasiĂ©s pendant l’essai avec des Pasteurella multocida dĂ©tectĂ©es). L’effet du pĂšre sur les caractĂšres mesurĂ©s est trĂšs significatif, ce qui laisse prĂ©sager l’existence d’une variabilitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique importante dans la rĂ©sistance Ă  la pasteurellose
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