10 research outputs found
Retrospective studies on rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks caused by RHDV GI.2 virus on farms in France from 2013 to 2018
[EN] Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a critical health threat to the rabbit industry in Europe. In 2018, the French rabbit industry adopted a voluntary control plan against this disease. In this context, two epidemiological studies were conducted on RHD outbreaks that occurred between 2013 and 2018 in France. The objectives were to describe the spread of RHD due to the new genotype RHDV GI.2 (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus GI.2) and to identify rearing factors influencing the occurrence of the disease in order to guide the prevention measures recommended in the control plan. An analysis of cases on 295 farms between 2013 and 2017 showed that 32% of farms were affected at least once; the incidence of the disease increased in 2016-2017 compared to 2013-2015. Farms already affected in 2013-2015 had a higher risk of being infected in 2016-2017 than those that remained unaffected until 2015 (Relative Risk and 95% Confident Interval 1.7 [1.1-2.7]). A case-control study carried out between 2016 and 2018 on 37 outbreaks and 32 control farms revealed variability in biosecurity and decontamination practices between farms. The risk of being infected tends to be linked to these practices, but certain structural factors (e.g. the manure disposal system, transfer of rabbits at weaning) could also influence the risk of virus introduction into farms. In the context of a limited vaccination coverage of the farms (only females are vaccinated), these hypotheses will be studied further, using information from the RHD outbreak monitoring system implemented at the same time as the control plan in 2018.This study was founded by the French Ministry of Agriculture (2017-430 / 170274).Huneau-SalaĂŒn, A.; Boucher, S.; Fontaine, J.; Le Normand, B.; Lopez, S.; Maurice, T.; Nouvel, L.... (2021). Retrospective studies on rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks caused by RHDV GI.2 virus on farms in France from 2013 to 2018. World Rabbit Science. 29(2):87-98. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2021.12800OJS8798292Abrantes J., Van der Loo W., Le Pendu J., Esteves P.J. 2012. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): a review. Vet. Res., 43: 12.https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-43-12Capucci L., Cavadini P., Schiavitto M., Lombardi G., Lavazza A. 2017. Increased pathogenicity in rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (RHDV2). Vet. Record., 180: 426. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104132Carvalho C.L., Leclerc Duarte E., Monteiro J.M., Afonso C., Pacheco J., Carvalho P., Mendonça P., Botelho A., Albuquerque T., Themudo P., Fevereiro M., Henriques A.M., Santos Barros S., Dias Duarte M. 2017. Progression of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 upon vaccination in anindustrial rabbitry: a laboratorial approach. World Rabbit Sci., 25: 73-85. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.5708Cooke B.D., Fenner F. 2002. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease and the biological control of wild rabbits, Oryctolagus Cuniculus, in Australia and New Zealand. Wildlife Res., 29: 689-706. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR02010Dalton K.P., Balseiro A., Juste R.A., Podadera A., Nicieza I., del Llano D., GonzĂĄlez R., Martin Alonso J.M., Prieto J.M., Parra F., Casais R. 2018. Clinical course and pathogenicity of variant rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in experimentally infected adult and kit rabbits: Significance towards control and spread. Vet. Microbiol., 220: 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.033Dohoo I., Martin W., Stryhn H. 2003. Measures of disease frequency. In: Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, First Edition, AVC Inc., Charlottetown, Canada, 65-84.Hall R.N., Huang N., Roberts J., Strive T. 2019. Carrion flies as sentinels for monitoring lagovirus activity in Australia. Transboundary Emerg. Dis., 66: 2025-2032. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13250Henning J., Meers J., Davies R., Morris R.S. 2005. Survival of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the environment. Epidemiol. Infect., 133: 719-730. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268805003766Hurand J. 2016. L'Ă©levage de lapins de chair en France, rĂ©sultats technico-Ă©conomiques 2015. Tema, 40.ITAVI. 2019. Situation de la filiĂšre cunicole. Novembre 2019. 6 p. Available athttps://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/note-deconjoncture-lapins-7Accessed December 2019.Le Gall-ReculĂ© G., Zwingelstein F., Boucher S., Le Normand B., Plassiart G., Portejoie Y., Decors A., Bertagnoli S., GuĂ©rin J.L., Marchandeau S. 2011. Detection of a new variant of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in France. Vet. Rec., 168: 137- 138. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.d697Le Gall-ReculĂ© G., Lavazza A., Marchandeau S., Bertagnoli S., Zwingelstein F., Cavadini P., Martinelli N., Lombardi G., GuĂ©rin J.L., Lemaitre E., Decors A., Boucher S., Le Normand B., Capucci L. 2013. Emergence of a new lagovirus related to Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. Vet. Res., 44:81. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-81Le Gall-ReculĂ© G., Boucher S. 2017. Connaissances et actualitĂ©s sur la maladie hĂ©morragique du lapin. In Proc.: 17Ăšmes JournĂ©es de la Recherche Cunicole, 21-22 November, 2017. Le Mans, France. 97-109.Le Minor O., Joudou L., Le Moullec T., Beilvert F. 2017. InnocuitĂ© et efficacitĂ© de la vaccination Ă 2 et 3 semaines d'Ăąge contre le virus RHDV2 de la maladie hĂ©morragique virale du lapin (VHD). In Proc.:17Ăšmes JournĂ©es de la Recherche Cunicole, 21-22 November, 2017. Le Mans, France. 127-130.Le Minor O., Boucher S., Joudou L., Mellet R., Sourice M., Le Moullec T., Nicoler A., Beilvert F., Sigognault-Flochlay A. 2019. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: experimental study of a recent highly pathogenic GI.2/RJDV2/b strain and evaluation of vaccine efficacy. World Rabbit Sci., 27: 143-156.https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11082Le Pendu J., Abrantes J., Bertagnoli S., Guitton J.S., Le Gall-ReculĂ© G., Lopes A.M., Marchandeau S., Alda F., Almeida T., CĂ©lio A. C., Barcena J., Burmakina G., Blanco E., Calvete C., Cavadini P., Cooke B., Dalton K., Mateos M.D., Deptula W., Eden J.S., Wang F., Ferreira C.C., Ferreira P., Foronda P., Gonçalves D., Gavier-WidĂ©n D., Hall R., Hukowska-Szematowicz B., Kerr P., Kovaliski J., Lavazza A., Mahar J., Malogolovkin A., Marques R.M., Marques S., Martin-Alonso A., Monterroso P., MorenoS., Mutze G., Naimanis A., Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej P., Peacock D., Parra F., Rocchi M., Rouco C., RuvoĂ«n-Clouet N., Silva E., SilvĂ©rio D., Strive T., Thompson G., Tokarz-Deptula B., Esteves P. 2017. Proposal for a unified classification system and nomenclature of lagoviruses. J. Gen. Virol., 98: 1658-1666. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000840Matthaei M., Kerr P.J., Read A.J., Hick P., Haboury S., Wright J.D., Strive T. 2014. Comparative quantitative monitoring of rabbit haemorrhagic disease viruses in rabbit kittens. Virol. J., 11: 109. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-11-109Mc Coll K.A., Merchant J.C., Hardy J., Cooke B.D., Robinson A., Westbury H.A. 2002. Evidence for insect transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. Epidemiol. Infect., 129: 655-663. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268802007756Neimanis A.S., Larsson Pettersson U., Huang N., Gavier-Widen D., Strive T. 2018. Elucidation of the pathology and tissue distribution of Lagovirus europaeus GI.2/RHDV2 (rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2) in young and adult rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet. Res., 49:46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0540-zRosell J.M., de la Fuente L.F., Parra F., Dalton K.P., Badiola SĂĄiz J.I., PĂ©rez de Rozas A., Badiola DĂez J.J., FernĂĄndez de Luco D., Casal J., MajĂł N., Casas J., Garriga R., FernĂĄndez Magariños X.M. 2019. Myxomatosis and Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease: A 30-Year Study of the Occurrence on Commercial Farms in Spain. Animals, 9: 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100780Rouco C., Aguayo-AdĂĄn J.A., Santoro S., Abrantes J., Delibes-Mateos M. 2019. Worldwide rapid spread of the novel rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (GI.2/RHDV2/b). Transboundary Emerg. Dis., 66: 1762-1764.https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.1318
A new dairy product fermented exclusively by dairy propionibacteria: a new tool to study probiotic potentialities in vivo
absen
RĂ©duction de lâusage des antibiotiques en filiĂšres monogastriques : Ă©tat dâavancement et perspectives
International audienceThe quantity of antimicrobials used in monogastric production (swine, poultry and rabbit) has dropped since the 2000s, and is now relatively stationary. The successive EcoAntibio plans have strengthened the momentum and contributed to drastically reducing the use of critically important antimicrobials. This results from the combined effect of regulatory changes, private voluntary actions implemented in the different sectors, as well as collective and individual professional approaches. Different preventive approaches have been implemented, based on a multifactorial approach of animal health, the refinement of diagnosis of health troubles, and analysis of the causes to define suitable preventive measures. The emphasis has been put on farm management, hygiene, biosecurity, vaccination, nutrition, and the use of alternative products. Antimicrobial prescription practices have also evolved, with establishment of consensual good treatment practice guidelines, generalization of bacteriological testing and antibiograms, correct compliance with dosage, and close health monitoring to tailor treatments. These changes rely on a good relationship between the farmer, the veterinarian and the technician, which has been reinforced through support and training of farmers. Further rationalization of antibimicrobial use needs to target âat-risk farms» and tailor-made actions.La quantitĂ© dâantibiotiques utilisĂ©s dans les filiĂšres monogastriques (porcs, volailles et lapins) a chutĂ© fortement Ă partir des annĂ©es 2000, et connaĂźt une relative stabilisation depuis quelques annĂ©es. Les plans EcoAntibio successifs ont renforcĂ© la dynamique et contribuĂ© Ă rĂ©duire drastiquement lâusage des antibiotiques critiques. Cette Ă©volution est la rĂ©sultante combinĂ©e dâĂ©volutions rĂ©glementaires, dâactions volontaires privĂ©es mises en Ćuvre dans les filiĂšres de production, et de dĂ©marches professionnelles collectives et individuelles. DiffĂ©rentes actions ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place, reposant sur une approche multifactorielle de la santĂ©, lâĂ©tablissement dâun diagnostic fin des troubles sanitaires de lâĂ©levage, et un travail sur leurs causes sous-jacentes pour dĂ©finir des mesures prĂ©ventives adaptĂ©es. Lâaccent est mis sur la conduite dâĂ©levage, lâassainissement vis Ă vis dâagents pathogĂšnes particuliers, la biosĂ©curitĂ©, la vaccination, la nutrition, et lâusage de substances alternatives. Les pratiques dâantibiothĂ©rapie ont aussi Ă©voluĂ©, avec la mise en place de guides de bonnes pratiques consensuels, la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation de lâexamen bactĂ©riologique et de lâantibiogramme, la bonne observance des posologies, et le suivi prĂ©cis de la santĂ© pour adapter les traitements. La mise en place de ces Ă©volutions repose par ailleurs sur un bon rapport de confiance entre Ă©leveur, vĂ©tĂ©rinaire et technicien dâĂ©levage, lâaccompagnement des Ă©leveurs ayant aussi Ă©tĂ© renforcĂ© via des dispositifs de sensibilisation et de formation. La poursuite de la rationalisation des usages reposera sur le ciblage des exploitations Ă risque au regard des usages dâantibiotiques et la mise en place dâactions sur-mesure
Resistome of pig and rabbit gut microbiota using high-troughput sequencing and qPCR approaches
Resistome of pig and rabbit gut microbiota using high-troughput sequencing and qPCR approaches. 6. Symposium on Antimicrobial RĂ©sistance in Animals and the Environment (ARAE
First rabbit gut microbial gene catalog and metagenomic insights into the resistome : links with antibiotic use
International audienc
First microbial gene catalog and antibiotic resistome of rabbit gut microbiota established by metagenomic sequencing
National audienc
Etat des lieux de l'antibiorésistance en élevage cunicole français et application du concept d'exclusion compétitive pour limiter la transmission d'un microbiote maternal antibiorésistant
National audienceIn order to fight against antibiotic resistance in livestock, we need to know which antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are relevant in France and then lower their abundance. Out of the 102 ARGs identified by metagenomics across 30 French rabbit husbandries, 5 genes leading to tetracycline resistance belonged to the 10 most abundant ARGs. Quantitative PCR on tetO confirmed that the abundance using metagenomics is relevant. To lower ARGs abundance in kits, a control group was raised in standard conditions (n=5), a NF group had the maternal feces removed from the nest (n=4) and 3 groups were inoculated regularly with suspensions of fecal bacteria originating from farms using less antibiotics. The proportion of enterobacteria resistant to tetracyline was lower in the inoculated groups (45%, 48% and 10%) than in the control group (94%). This trend has to be confirmed in a second trial but competitive exclusion opens interesting means to fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria in livestock.Afin de proposer un systĂšme de maĂźtrise de l'antibiorĂ©sistance microbienne en Ă©levage cunicole, nous avons identifiĂ© les gĂšnes d'antibiorĂ©sistance stratĂ©giques en France et testĂ© une solution potentielle pour limiter le niveau dâantibiorĂ©sistance dans la flore digestive des lapins dâĂ©levage. 102 gĂšnes dâantibiorĂ©sistance ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s par analyse mĂ©tagĂ©nomique des gĂšnes microbiens issus de fĂšces de 30 lapines provenant dâĂ©levages diffĂ©rents. Cinq des 10 gĂšnes dâantibiorĂ©sistance les plus abondants confĂšrent une rĂ©sistance Ă la tĂ©tracycline, antibiotique le plus utilisĂ© dans le panel dâĂ©levages. Les gĂšnes de rĂ©sistance aux tĂ©tracyclines sont plus abondants dans les Ă©chantillons issus dâĂ©levages consommateurs dâantibiotiques. Les rĂ©sultats de la PCR quantitative du gĂšne tetO sont cohĂ©rents avec lâanalyse mĂ©tagĂ©nomique. Nous avons utilisĂ© l'exclusion compĂ©titive pour limiter la transmission dâantibiorĂ©sistance. Les lapereaux de 24 mĂšres traitĂ©es Ă la tĂ©tracycline ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s dans les conditions standards dâĂ©levage (n=5), dans des conditions de retrait des fĂšces maternelles (n=4) et dans le cas dâinoculation de 3 suspensions fĂ©cales pauvres en bactĂ©ries rĂ©sistantes (n=5, 5 et 5). Le taux dâentĂ©robactĂ©ries rĂ©sistantes Ă la tĂ©tracycline dans les fĂšces de lapereaux aprĂšs sevrage est moindre (45%, 48% et 10%) dans les lapereaux inoculĂ©s que dans le groupe contrĂŽle (94%). Cette tendance doit ĂȘtre confirmĂ©e Ă lâaide dâun deuxiĂšme essai. Lâexclusion compĂ©titive appliquĂ©e pour limiter le niveau de rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques de la flore fĂ©cale ouvre des perspectives dâaction en termes de techniques dâĂ©levages reposant sur la coprophagie
Sélection génétique pour la résistance aux maladies : projets et avancées
National audienc
Premiers résultats du projet RELAPA : génomique pour la résistance génétique des lapins à la pasteurellose
Session : GĂ©nĂ©tiqueParticipation Ă cette Ă©tude : Plateforme d'Infectiologie ExpĂ©rimentale (PFIE) UE 1277 - Nouzilly Centre Inra Val de LoireLa pasteurellose est la premiĂšre cause de mortalitĂ© des femelles en Ă©levage cunicole. Le projet RELAPA (GĂ©nomique pour la REsistance gĂ©nĂ©tique des LApins Ă la PAsteurellose) a pour objectif de mettre en Ă©vidence des rĂ©gions du gĂ©nome associĂ©es Ă la rĂ©ponse Ă la pasteurellose. Pour ce faire, 955 lapins ont Ă©tĂ© inoculĂ©s Ă 6 semaines dâĂąge avec une souche de Pasteurella multocida pyogĂšne et suivis pendant 14 jours. La rĂ©ponse des animaux Ă©tait trĂšs variable, avec 7% de lapins rĂ©sistants (sans aucun symptĂŽme de pasteurellose et sans Pasteurella multocida dĂ©tectĂ©e dans les organes) et 11% dâanimaux trĂšs sensibles (morts ou euthanasiĂ©s pendant lâessai avec des Pasteurella multocida dĂ©tectĂ©es). Lâeffet du pĂšre sur les caractĂšres mesurĂ©s est trĂšs significatif, ce qui laisse prĂ©sager lâexistence dâune variabilitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique importante dans la rĂ©sistance Ă la pasteurellose