Assessment of the Flue Gas Recycle Strategies on Oxy-Coal Power Plants using an Exergy-based Methodology

A presentation of this paper was given at the 16th Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction, Rodes(Greece) 29 September- 2 October 2013This article is available online at http://www.aidic.it/cet/13/35/057.pdfInternational audienceWhile oxy-combustion CO2 capture was foreseen to have higher improvement potential than post-combustion a decade ago, research has not been carried out at the same pace since then and today, the latter exhibits higher technological maturity along with low energy penalty thanks to advanced process integration and solvents formulation. Thus, significant efficiency improvement is needed for the oxy-combustion route to be competitive with post-combustion for carbon capture on coal-fired power plants. In order to achieve such improvements, process integration at system level is required to assess the true energy savings potential of oxy-combustion. In this study, an exergy-based methodology is performed to compare various flue gas recirculation strategies on a state-of-the-art 1100 MWe gross oxy-fired power plant. Exergy analysis at unit operation level allows the identification of the location and the magnitude of the thermodynamic irreversibilities occurring in the process, leading to an enhanced understanding of the studied system. In addition to the reference case in which the secondary recycle is fully depolluted and dehydrated; three alternative flue gas recirculation options have been investigated. Among the studied strategies, recirculation of the secondary flow prior the regenerative heat exchanger with a high temperature particle removal device leads to the highest net plant efficiency. This option not only allows the minimal exergy losses in the boiler but also minimizes the flowrate going through the downstream depollution devices. The net plant efficiency obtained for this architecture is 38.0%LHV, which represents a 3% increase compared to the reference oxy-combustion plant. Comparing this figure to an air-fired power plant modeled with the same set of hypotheses, the energy penalty is 8.1%-pts

Towards Second Generation Oxy-pulverized Coal Power Plants: Energy Penalty Reduction Potential of Pressurized Oxy-combustion Systems

AbstractDuring the last decade, CO2 capture on coal power plants has been the subject of sustained attention as one of the most credible way to drastically reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Significant reduction in the energy penalty related to the oxy- combustion routes has been achieved but uncertainties remain in the operation of such a process inducing major modifications of the power island. In this context, for oxy-combustion, and more generally carbon capture to become a reality, its energy penalty shall be drastically reduced. In that perspective, cutting edge strategies allowing taking full advantage of oxy-fired operation have to be investigated. Among them, boiler pressurization has been identified as one of the most promising solution. Two major pressurized oxy-combustion concepts have emerged in literature: the flameless combustion technology (ISOTHERM®) and the staged-pressurized oxy-combustion (SPOC) concept. According to the authors describing those two processes, whilst very different in the combustion temperature control strategy, they both succeed in allowing pressurized operation.In this work, those two concepts have been compared to an air-fired, a conservative and optimized atmospheric oxy-fired power plants in terms of energy performances. The reason underlying below the observed differences, have been determined using exergy analysis. The SPOC process leads to significantly lower energy penalty, as low as 3.8%-pts compared to the ISOTHERM® concepts which lead to performance in the same order of magnitude than the optimized atmospheric design. It has been highlighted that this difference is essentially due to the large flue gas recycling requirement for the latter concept to control combustion temperature

Measurement and Calculation for CO2 Solubility and Kinetic Rate in Aqueous Solutions of Two Tertiary Amines

AbstractAbsorbing CO2 with amine solutions is one of the most promising methods of CCS and has been widely applied. In order to improve efficiency and reduce costs, new solvents need to be selected. In this work, two amine solvents, N,N-dimethylethanolamine(DMEA) and Triethylene diamine (TEDA), have been characterized, with the use of gas- liquid reactor for CO2 solubility and kinetic rate measurements. Solubility of CO2 has been measured for amine concentrations of 1.0, 2.5 and 4.0mol/L at temperatures of 313.2K, 343.2K, 373.2K, and 393.2K while partial pressure of CO2 varies from 1 to 300kPa. The e-NRTL model has been used for these amine-water-CO2 systems in order to calculate CO2 solubility. Meanwhile the thermo-regulated constant interfacial area Lewis-type cell was also operated to obtain absorption kinetic data for CO2 absorption in 0.5M and 1.0M amine solutions

Comparaison des approches systémique, mécanique des fluides numérique et compartimentale pour la modélisation des réacteurs : application à un réacteur canal à boues activées

The purpose of this work is the comparison of the systemic, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and compartmental approaches. This last approach is a new method of model construction based on the quantitative results of a CFD simulation. A methodology to build such a model is described. These three modelisation approaches have been used to model a bench scale activated sludge wastewater treatment reactor : a complex biological tree-phase reactor (gas/liquid/floc). The CFD modelling has been validated with velocity and turbulence fields, obtained with laser doppler velocimétry and with void fraction measurements obtained with an optical probe. The global hydrodynamics of the reactor is well represented by a plug flow model with axial dispersion. This behaviour is well represented by CFD simulation of residence time distribution. Experiments on the bench scale activated sludge reactor fed with a synthetic substrate primarily composed of Viandox have been carried out. Biological reactions have been modelled by the ASM1 model developped by IWA. Evolution of almost all the concentrations along the reactor are simulated with a maximum error of 25 \% with systemic and CFD models. Some differences are highlighted between these two models. The compartmental model gives almost the same results as the CFD model with a calculation time from 10 to 20 times shorter. Moreover this compartment model is as easy to handle as the sytemic model and allows a better understanding of the phenomena which take place in the reactor than the CFD modelL'objectif de ce travail est de comparer les approches systémique, mécanique des fluides numérique (MFN) et compartimentale, une approche de modélisation en émergence basée sur l'exploitation quantitative de simulations de MFN pour construire le modèle. Une méthodologie de construction d'un tel modèle à compartiments est explicitée. Ces différentes approches de modélisation ont été appliquées au cas d'un réacteur pilote de traitement des eaux usées à boues activées : un réacteur triphasique (gaz/liquide/flocs), siège de réactions biologiques complexes. Le modèle hydrodynamique MFN a été validé par des mesures de champs de vitesse et de turbulence, réalisées par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler ainsi que par des mesures de taux de vide réalisées à l'aide d'une sonde optique. L'hydrodynamique globale du réacteur est bien modélisée par un modèle piston à dispersion axiale et la MFN représente bien le comportement du réacteur. Des expériences sur réacteur pilote chargé en biomasse et alimenté par un substrat synthétique à base de Viandox ont été menées. La modélisation des réactions biologiques a été faite par le modèle ASM1 développé par l'IWA. Les modèles systémique et MFN permettent d'estimer l'évolution de la plupart des concentrations dans le réacteur avec moins de 25 % d'erreur. Des différences entre les deux modèles sont néanmoins observées. Il s'avère que le modèle à compartiment donne des résultats très similaires au modèle MFN pour un temps de calcul de 10 à 20 fois moindre. De plus ce modèle est presque aussi facile à manipuler qu'un modèle systémique et permet une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes mis en jeu dans le réacteur qu'avec un modèle MF

Comparison between systemic, computational fluids dynamic and compartmental approaches for reactor modelling : application to an activated sludge wastewater treatment channel reactor

L'objectif de ce travail est de comparer les approches systémique, mécanique des fluides numérique (MFN) et compartimentale, une approche de modélisation en émergence basée sur l'exploitation quantitative de simulations de MFN pour construire le modèle. Une méthodologie de construction d'un tel modèle à compartiments est explicitée. Ces différentes approches de modélisation ont été appliquées au cas d'un réacteur pilote de traitement des eaux usées à boues activées : un réacteur triphasique (gaz/liquide/flocs), siège de réactions biologiques complexes. Le modèle hydrodynamique MFN a été validé par des mesures de champs de vitesse et de turbulence, réalisées par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler ainsi que par des mesures de taux de vide réalisées à l'aide d'une sonde optique. L'hydrodynamique globale du réacteur est bien modélisée par un modèle piston à dispersion axiale et la MFN représente bien le comportement du réacteur. Des expériences sur réacteur pilote chargé en biomasse et alimenté par un substrat synthétique à base de Viandox ont été menées. La modélisation des réactions biologiques a été faite par le modèle ASM1 développé par l'IWA. Les modèles systémique et MFN permettent d'estimer l'évolution de la plupart des concentrations dans le réacteur avec moins de 25 % d'erreur. Des différences entre les deux modèles sont néanmoins observées. Il s'avère que le modèle à compartiment donne des résultats très similaires au modèle MFN pour un temps de calcul de 10 à 20 fois moindre. De plus ce modèle est presque aussi facile à manipuler qu'un modèle systémique et permet une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes mis en jeu dans le réacteur qu'avec un modèle MFNThe purpose of this work is the comparison of the systemic, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and compartmental approaches. This last approach is a new method of model construction based on the quantitative results of a CFD simulation. A methodology to build such a model is described. These three modelisation approaches have been used to model a bench scale activated sludge wastewater treatment reactor : a complex biological tree-phase reactor (gas/liquid/floc). The CFD modelling has been validated with velocity and turbulence fields, obtained with laser doppler velocimétry and with void fraction measurements obtained with an optical probe. The global hydrodynamics of the reactor is well represented by a plug flow model with axial dispersion. This behaviour is well represented by CFD simulation of residence time distribution. Experiments on the bench scale activated sludge reactor fed with a synthetic substrate primarily composed of Viandox have been carried out. Biological reactions have been modelled by the ASM1 model developped by IWA. Evolution of almost all the concentrations along the reactor are simulated with a maximum error of 25 \% with systemic and CFD models. Some differences are highlighted between these two models. The compartmental model gives almost the same results as the CFD model with a calculation time from 10 to 20 times shorter. Moreover this compartment model is as easy to handle as the sytemic model and allows a better understanding of the phenomena which take place in the reactor than the CFD mode

Wet Industrial Flue Gas Desulfurization Unit: Model Development and Validation on Industrial Data

International audienc

Performance Simulation of Full-scale Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization for Oxy-coal Combustion

International audienc

Efficiency evaluation procedure of coal-fired power plants with CO2 capture, cogeneration and hybridization

International audienceIn an energy landscape undergoing great change with regard to CO 2 emissions, the evaluation of solutions allowing a drastic reduction of the anthropogenic emissions are carried out for more than a decade. Among them, CO 2 capture and storage on coal power plants has been identified as a particularly promising solution but other options such as heat and electricity cogeneration and power plant hy-bridization with solar of biomass can also reduce the carbon footprint of electricity production. However, the implementation of an external process on a power plant impacts its electric production. Post-and oxy-combustion CO 2 capture, cogeneration for industries or districts, or hybridization are all examples of processes either demanding thermal and electrical energy or providing heat valorization opportunities. To identify the true potential of those systems, the evaluation of the performance of the integrated system is necessary. Also, to compare different solutions, a common framework has to be adopted since the performance of those systems are often highly dependent of the considered hypotheses. This paper presents a full integration procedure suited for both new built and retrofit coal-fired power plants by means of easy-to-use correlations, which links heat demand to production loss and waste heat availability to production increase, taking their exergy content into account. This correlative approach provides an analytical tool allowing a quick and realistic evaluation of a given concept or process layout, without the need of a detailed full power plant model. Examples are given for CO 2 capture, cogeneration and hybridization, illustrating the interest of the approach to evaluate and compare several technologies on a consistent manner. An Excel spreadsheet with the calculation procedure is available online (see supporting information)

Comparaison des approches systémique, mécanique des fluides numérique et compartimentale pour la modélisation des réacteurs (application à un réacteur canal à boues activées)

L'objectif de ce travail est de comparer les approches systémique, mécanique des fluides numérique (MFN) et compartimentale, une approche de modélisation en émergence basée sur l'exploitation quantitative de simulations de MFN pour construire le modèle. Une méthodologie de construction d'un tel modèle à compartiments est explicitée. Ces différentes approches de modélisation ont été appliquées au cas d'un réacteur pilote de traitement des eaux usées à boues activées : un réacteur triphasique (gaz/liquide/flocs), siège de réactions biologiques complexes. Le modèle hydrodynamique MFN a été validé par des mesures de champs de vitesse et de turbulence, réalisées par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler ainsi que par des mesures de taux de vide réalisées à l'aide d'une sonde optique. L'hydrodynamique globale du réacteur est bien modélisée par un modèle piston à dispersion axiale et la MFN représente bien le comportement du réacteur. Des expériences sur réacteur pilote chargé en biomasse et alimenté par un substrat synthétique à base de Viandox ont été menées. La modélisation des réactions biologiques a été faite par le modèle ASM1 développé par l'IWA. Les modèles systémique et MFN permettent d'estimer l'évolution de la plupart des concentrations dans le réacteur avec moins de 25 % d'erreur. Des différences entre les deux modèles sont néanmoins observées. Il s'avère que le modèle à compartiment donne des résultats très similaires au modèle MFN pour un temps de calcul de 10 à 20 fois moindre. De plus ce modèle est presque aussi facile à manipuler qu'un modèle systémique et permet une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes mis en jeu dans le réacteur qu'avec un modèle MFNThe purpose of this work is the comparison of the systemic, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and compartmental approaches. This last approach is a new method of model construction based on the quantitative results of a CFD simulation. A methodology to build such a model is described. These three modelisation approaches have been used to model a bench scale activated sludge wastewater treatment reactor : a complex biological tree-phase reactor (gas/liquid/floc). The CFD modelling has been validated with velocity and turbulence fields, obtained with laser doppler velocimétry and with void fraction measurements obtained with an optical probe. The global hydrodynamics of the reactor is well represented by a plug flow model with axial dispersion. This behaviour is well represented by CFD simulation of residence time distribution. Experiments on the bench scale activated sludge reactor fed with a synthetic substrate primarily composed of Viandox have been carried out. Biological reactions have been modelled by the ASM1 model developped by IWA. Evolution of almost all the concentrations along the reactor are simulated with a maximum error of 25 \% with systemic and CFD models. Some differences are highlighted between these two models. The compartmental model gives almost the same results as the CFD model with a calculation time from 10 to 20 times shorter. Moreover this compartment model is as easy to handle as the sytemic model and allows a better understanding of the phenomena which take place in the reactor than the CFD modelNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Techno-economic Optimization of First Generation Oxy-fired Pulverized-coal Power Plant

International audienceIn this paper, a holistic approach taking into account process economics is employed in order to assess the true potential of first generation oxy-fired power plants. The proposed methodology is carried out in two-steps. The first step consists in the minimization of the energy penalty: an exergy analysis is performed on a conventional base-case oxy-fired power plant in order to identify the possible improvement paths, including structural modifications and thermal integrations. At the end of this step, the process layout leading to a minimized energy penalty is obtained. However, as the introduction of a process modification impacts the plant's CAPEX, each modification highlighted in the previous step is characterized by a techno-economic criterion in order to determine its profitability in a second step. The marginal cost of electricity production, defined as the ratio between additional CAPEX and the net production increase is used for the process modification assessment.This procedure has been applied on state-of-the-art processes in order to estimate the potential of first generation oxy-combustion power plant. The optimization solely based on an energetic criterion leads to a plant layout with an energy penalty of 6.0%-pts, which represents a 38% reduction (the energy penalty of the base case plant is 9.4%-pts). However, the consideration of economic aspects has highlighted that some of the considered process modifications were not justified on an economic stand point. The optimal oxy-fired power plant, from a techno-economic point of view, exhibits an energy penalty of 6.9%-pts and allows a 20% reduction of the CO2 avoidance cost compared to the base-case oxy-fired plant