Proposal of selection scheme to preserve the intra-breed biodiversity of the murciano-granadina goat breed

It is proposed an interbreed selection scheme using hybrids herds for the genetic connection of pure herds, it permit to develop global genetic evaluations. Non additive effects are introduced in the model for the genetic analysis. It aims to ensure the genetic progress of the breed avoiding the lost of the adaptation characters and the genetic diversity of the pure Murciana and Granadina populations.Se propone un esquema de selección interracial, que utilizando rebaños híbridos para la conexión genética de rebaños puros, permite evaluaciones genéticas globales. Se introducen efectos genéticos no aditivos en el modelo de análisis genético. Se pretende asegurar el progreso genético de la raza sin perder los caracteres adaptativos y diversidad genética de las poblaciones murcianas y granadinas puras

Segureño lambs lineal assessment methodology for the genetic evaluation of post mortem characters

The breeders association (ANCOS), using observations of its techniques, aims to define a method based in ante morten linear evaluation of body characteristics of lambs to be used in the genetic evaluation of their parents. The chosen criteria will be those showing the best repeatability among observations and among assessors; but also in function of the levels of correlation with post mortem characteristics with high economic impact, such as carcass and main pieces weights and yields, and specially with respect the assessment of the lambs in function of the requirements of the Protected Geographical Indication (IGP).La Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Ovino Segureño, basándose en observaciones de sus técnicos, trata de poner a punto una técnica, basada en la calificación lineal ante morten de los corderos, que sea útil en la evaluación genética de los progenitores. Se elegirán los criterios que muestren mayor repetibilidad entre observaciones y entre calificadores y mejor correlación con caracteres post morten de alto impacto económico, como los pesos y rendimientos de la canal y piezas nobles y, sobre todo, con la calificación de los corderos según las directrices de la IGP (Indicación Geográfica Protegida)

É a Murciano-Granadina raça única? Um enfoque genético-molecular

The population structure of the Murciano-Granadina breed was determined using 25 microsatellites from 266 goats of seven populations. The results of the genetic differentiation analysis showed that it is possible to differentiate the Murciana and Granadina populations even though a low FST value (0.0432) had been obtained. Individuals could be assigned to their populations with a success rate of more than 80%. Bayesian-based clustering analysis of allele frequencies and multivariate analysis revealed that Murciana and Granadina populations were grouped in different clusters since K=3. The results demonstrate that Murciana and Granadina are still two different genetic groups included into Murciano-Granadina denomination. There is the opportunity to the genetically manage these populations, under a single herd-book but adding the necessary modifications to respect the conservation of the genetic diversity based on the use of multibreed models of genetic evaluationDeterminou-se a estrutura da raça Murciano-Granadina, usando-se 25 microssatélites e 266 animais de sete populações. Os resultados da diferenciação genética mostram que é possível diferenciar populações de Murciana e Granadina, apesar dos baixos valores de FST obtidos – 0.0432. Os indivíduos foram designados às suas populações com taxa de sucesso superior a 80%. A análise bayesiana de agrupamento das frequências alélicas e a análise multivariada revelaram que as populações Murciana e Granadina foram agrupadas em diferentes clusters, uma vez que o melhor K obtido foi três. Os resultados demonstraram que Murciana e Granadina ainda são dois grupos genéticos distintos incluídos na denominação Murciano-Granadina. É possível manejar geneticamente essas populações dentro de um único livro de registro, porém adotando-se as modificações necessárias em relação à conservação e à diversidade genética, com base no uso de modelos de avaliação multirracia

Project of characterization and conservation of the marismeña/mostrenca cattle breed

The Marismeña or Mostrenca cattle breed is oficially recognized as autochthonous Spanish breed of special protection in the Spanish catalogue of livestock breeds. Presently, farmers, technicians and scientifics have coordinated actions for the characterization, conservation and promotion of the breed and its products. All these objectives are enclosed in lines of investigation and development participated by the University of Córdoba, the Biological Station of Doñana (CSIC), the Breeders Association and the Provincial Government of Cordoba. Presently the genetic characterization of the breed is under development by mean of a batery of molecular markers, at the same time a germplasm bank have been initiated. The sires to be enclosed definitively in the bank are under evaluation. Also the morphological characterization has started over the animals maintained in liberty. In the near future the productive characterization will start in testing station and in land, all that with a view to obtain a quality mark for its products.La raza de bovinos Marismeña o Mostrenca, está reconocida oficialmente como raza autóctona española de protección especial en el catálogo de razas de ganado español. En la actualidad ganaderos, técnicos y científicos han coordinado actuaciones para la caracterización, conservación y promoción de la raza y sus productos. Todos estos objetivos se incluyen en líneas de investigación y desarrollo en las que intervienen la Universidad de Córdoba, Estación biológica de Donaña, Asociación de criadores y la Diputación de Córdoba. En la actualidad se está realizando la caracterización genética de la población basada en la utilización de una batería de marcadores moleculares, conjuntamente se ha puesto en marcha la creación del banco de germoplasma, donde se evalúan aquellos sementales que formarán el banco definitivo, por otra parte se ha iniciado la caracterización externa de los animales en campo. En breve se comenzará la caracterización productiva tanto en estación experimental como en régimen de libertad, esto como paso previo a la elaboración de una marca de calidad para sus productos

Demographic analysis of the granadina goat as a base for the development of its scheme of selection

Presently the Murciano-Granadina goat breed is gestioned from a single breed book located in two places. One in Jumilla (Murcia) and the another in Albolote (Granada). These books act in a coordinated manner but independently, resulting in this way, different criteria for each one. Today the scheme of selection of the breed is going on in the Granadina population and it is necessary to know its populational structure in order to take decisions in the right way. In the present paper the effective size of the whole population and for each of the three milking control programs integrated in the association (Granada, Córdoba y Almería) are described. In the same way the pyramid of age is established for the total population and for each milking control program, as a first step for the generational intervals. Of course, the total and partial censuses are enclosed by geographical location and sexes for a better description of the population.En la actualidad la raza Murciano-Granadina se gestiona desde un único libro genealógico con dos ubicaciones. Una en Jumilla (Murcia) y la otra en Albolote (Granada). Estos libros funcionan de manera coordinada pero independiente, resultando por tanto, unos criterios diferentes para cada uno. En la actualidad se encuentra en proceso de desarrollo el esquema de selección de la población granadina y por ello se hace necesario conocer la estructura poblacional de la misma, a la hora de tomar decisiones de interés. En el presente trabajo se describen los tamaños efectivos de las poblaciones total y por cada uno de los tres núcleos de control que la conforman (Granada, Córdoba y Almería). Del mismo modo se establece la pirámide de edades total y por núcleos, como paso previo para el cálculo de sus intervalos generacionales. Por supuesto se incluyen los censos totales y parciales por localización y por sexo para una mejor descripción de la población

Discriminant Canonical Tool for Differential Biometric Characterization of Multivariety Endangered Hen Breeds

This study aimed to develop a tool to perform the morphological characterization of Sureña and Utrerana breeds, two endangered autochthonous breeds ascribed to the Mediterranean trunk of Spanish autochthonous hens and their varieties (n = 608; 473 females and 135 males). Kruskal–Wallis H test reported sex dimorphism pieces of evidence (p 5 variables were discarded) white nails, ocular ratio, and back length (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.191, 0.357, and 0.429, respectively) to have the highest discriminant power in female morphological characterization. For males, ocular ratio and black/corneous and white beak colors (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.180, 0.210, and 0.349, respectively) displayed the greatest discriminant potential. The first two functions explained around 90% intergroup variability. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis (DCA) was used to determine genotype clustering patterns. Interbreed and varieties proximity was evaluated through Mahalanobis distances. Despite the adaptability capacity to alternative production systems ascribed to both avian breeds, Sureña and Utrerana morphologically differ. Breed dimorphism may evidence differential adaptability mechanisms linked to their aptitude (dual purpose/egg production). The present tool may serve as a model for the first stages of breed protection to be applicable in other endangered avian breeds worldwide

Variability of Meat and Carcass Quality from Worldwide Native Chicken Breeds

The present research aimed to determine the differential clustering patterns of carcass and meat quality traits in local chicken breeds from around the world and to develop a method to productively characterize minority bird populations. For this, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 91 research documents that dealt with the study of chicken local breeds through the last 20 years was performed. Thirty-nine traits were sorted into the following clusters: weight-related traits, histological properties, pH, color traits, water-holding capacity, texture-related traits, flavor content-related nucleotides, and gross nutrients. Multicollinearity problems reported for pH 72 h post mortem, L* meat 72 h post mortem, a* meat 72 h post mortem, sex, firmness, and chewiness, were thus discarded from further analyses (VIF < 5). Data-mining cross-validation and chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree development allowed us to detect similarities across genotypes. Easily collectable trait, such as shear force, muscle fiber diameter, carcass/pieces weight, and pH, presented high explanatory potential of breed variability. Hence, the aforementioned variables must be considered in the experimental methodology of characterization of carcass and meat from native genotypes. This research enables the characterization of local chicken populations to satisfy the needs of specific commercial niches for poultry meat consumers

The white andalusian goat breed: characterization and conservation

The Blanca Serrana Andaluza goat breed is one of the most ancient in the Iberian Peninsula and for its origin the only one showing the influence of African branches; its meat aptitude, its size and its adaptation to hard conditions has always located this breed in the most marginal areas of Andalusia, usually zones without use for agriculture and other farming activities. Presently three main causes of endangering are over the breed; the first is the diminution of the census; the second is the competence by feeding areas with hunting species, specially deers, and finally the most important cause is the cross-breeding with the Blanca Celtibérica goat breed, shorter animal with low adaptability. In opposite of this situation, we are using the advantages presented by the scarce census of the breed, one of them is that the existing farms belong to young farmers very sensitized for the conservation and the improvement of traditional extensive management systems, what is favouring the creation of a breeders association. We have also started the characterization of the breed by mean of molecular markers, as a fundamental tool for the populational definitions, specially in situation like this one with clear crossbreeding with other breeds.La cabra Blanca Serrana Andaluza es una de las más antiguas de la península Ibérica y por origen, la única con marcada influencia de troncos africanos, su aptitud cárnica, envergadura y adaptación a las condiciones adversas ha situado siempre su área de explotación en las zonas más marginales de Andalucía, zonas de montaña, no aptas para cultivos u otras ganaderías como bovinas, ovinas y caprinas lecheras. En la actualidad tres grandes amenazas se ciernen sobre esta raza, por un lado, la imparable disminución de sus censos, por otro, la competencia con las especies cinegéticas, fundamentalmente ciervos, por las zonas de pastoreo, y por último, la amenaza más peligrosa pues es menos visible y más destructiva, el cruce con animales de la raza Blanca Celtibérica, de menor envergadura y e inferior aptitud para zonas de monte cerrado. Ante esta situación, se aprovechan las ventajas que presentan los escasos efectivos de la raza, una de ellas, es que los rebaños que no han sido sacrificados, han ido pasando a manos de ganaderos y ganaderas jóvenes y, en gran parte de las ocasiones, con sensibilidad a los temas conservacionistas y a la mejora de los sistemas de explotación tradicionales, extensivos, lo que ha favorecido la creación de una asociación. También para defensa de los intereses de la raza, se ha comenzando por su caracterización, que en estos momentos se está desarrollando, mediante el uso de marcadores moleculares, pues es una herramienta fundamental en la definición de poblaciones, sobre todo en situaciones de cruce de individuos con otras razas