Impact of liquid metal surface on plasma-surface interaction in experiments with lithium and tin capillary porous systems

The lithium and tin capillary-porous systems (CPSs) were tested with steady-state plasma in the PLM plasma device which is the divertor simulator with plasma parameters relevant to divertor and SOL plasma of tokamaks. The CPS consists of tin/lithium tile fixed between two molybdenum meshs constructed in the module faced to plasma. Steady-state plasma load of 0.1 - 1 MW/m(2) on the CPS during more than 200 min was achieved in experiments on PLM which is a modeling far scrapeoff- layer and far zone of divertor plasma of a large tokamak. The heating of the CPS was controlled remotely including biasing technique which allows to regulate evaporated metal influx to plasma. After exposure, the materials of the tin and lithium CPSs were inspected and analyzed with optic and scanning electron micriscopy. Experiments have demonstrated sustainability of the tin and lithium CPSs to the high heat steady state plasma load expected in a large scale tokamak. The effect of evaporated lithium and tin on the plasma transport/radiation was studied with spectroscopy to evaluate changes of plasma properties and plasma-surface interaction

Study of the stochastic clustering on the refractory material surface under the effect of plasma load in the PLM device

Tungsten plates were tested in stationary helium discharges in the PLM device. The duration of discharges in the PLM reached 200 minutes. A distinctive feature of this device is the stationary plasma confinement, which is advantageous for testing fusion materials, including materials of the divertor and first wall of a fusion reactor. During plasma irradiation in the PLM, the thermal load on the surface of the tested plates was more than 1 MW/m(2). The temperature of the tested plates amounted to 1000 degrees C and more. Stochastic nanostructures with dimensions of the structural elements of less than 50 nm, including fuzz-type structures, were observed on the processed surfaces of the samples

Results of the test of universal separator of seed SP-2F

Universal pneumatic separator of seed CP-2F is created for final cleaning and separaiting of seeds from impurities, differing by aerodynamic properties. Pneumatic separator contains the frame, diametrical fan, channel with support grid and partition wall, separation and sediment chambers, inertial jalousie-backward dust collector, input device of raw material of active type, output device for material, device of adjust the supply of material and the air flow rate, drive mechanisms of working bodies. Acceptance tests were carried out on the secondary cleaning of seeds of spring oats and red clover at filing 1.02.1.75 and 0.46.0.78 t/hour respectively. The purity of the inputing material of oats was 96.17.96.8%. The bulk of the waste it taken by squashed oat grains - 2.36.3.38% and crushed grain - 0.22.0.76%. The purity of the clover inputing material ranged from 95.94 to 96.58%. The waste consisted with seeds of timothy grass and meadow fescue 3.42.4.06%. The predominant species of weed were creeping thistle and meadow fescue. After cleaning first grade seeds of oats have purity about 97.60.98.81%, this is below requirements of the Terms of Reference (99.0%). The cleaning efficiency meet regulatory (no less 80%), with performance up to 1.20 t/h. Low purity of oats seeds caused by presence of squashed grain and crushed grain in inputing material. Clover seeds of first grade at all modes correspond purity categories of elite seeds with cleaning efficiency 85.8.96.4%. Seed losses in waste at cleaning of both crops do not exceed the allowance. Seed crushing is not found. According to the results of acceptance tests separator of seed CP-2F is recommended for use in agriculture

New Studies on the Territory of Malyi Gorodok on Bolgar Fortifi ed Settlement

Malyi gorodok is a monumental architectural ensemble, located at the southern extremity of the Bolgar fortifi ed settlement and dated by the second half of 14th c.; it was substantially, but not fully studied during the digs of 1981–1984. In 2011–2015, the authors of this article undertook a new fi eld research on the site, during which they completely cleared the southern structure. The debris discovered belonged to an earlier unstudied stone structure – a mausoleum with fi ve burials. The authors carried out another stratigraphic study of fortifi cations to prove that the internal ditch was not accompanied by a wall, while the external ditch was. Generally, the new data prove the fi ndings of 1980s, including the hypothesis that the ensemble, or at least its north-eastern part, was meant for cult

Preparation of high quality seeds using a pneumatic separator

In preparing of seed material it is important not only to compliance with the requirements of GOST R 52325-2005 for seed quality, content of seeds of other species, impurities, germination, but also the selection adjusted, the most biologically high-grade fractions. The use of airflow is one of the most common and effective ways to clean seeds from impurities. Separation of seeds by airflow allows to allocate the seeds with higher germination ability compared to separation on sieves. In Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "NIISH Severo-Vostoka" the effect of separation seeds of naked oat by airflow on yield quality and crop capacity was studied. Seeds were separated into heavy, medium and light fractions in two passes by the separator SP-4U-P. Grain yield in average in 2008-2010 at sowing seeds of light fraction was lower than control by 0.1-0.2 t/ha. When sowing seeds of heavy and medium fractions grain yield increased compared to control near equal - by 0.2-0.3 t/ha. Thus it is noted good sprouts, and tillering plants three days earlier. In order to reduce the discounted costs of cleaning the seeds pneumatic separator SP-2F was developed which one devides seeds on I-st and II-nd grade, grain forage and waste in a single pass. Evaluation of the quality of work of the separator carried at cleaning of covered oat Sapsan with base values: content of seeds of the main crop 97.04%, crushed grain 0.15%, husked grains 0.18%, small and feeble grain 2.47%, seeds of other species 6 pcs./kg, 1000 seeds weight 41.28 g. After pneumo-separation purity and germination of the I-st grade seeds rose to values met category OS, II grade - up to category РС with acceptable losses in the waste. Isolation of heavy and medium seed fractions with use of pneumatic separators increases yield quality and crop capacity. Application of pneumatic separator SP-2F allows to get the I and II grade seeds in one pass, and reduce the discounted costs

Adaptive Method of Consecutive Concessions at the Solution to the Problem of Vector Optimization of Characteristics of System of Engineering – Air Field Maintenance of Operations of Aircraft of the Air Forces

В статье представлен один из адаптивных методов агрегирования подсистем в единую систему инженерно-аэродромного обеспечения боевых действий авиации ВВС, позволяющий упростить требуемую от лица принимающего решение информацию при поиске наиболее предпочтительной альтернативы из областей подлежащих рассмотрению оптимальных по Парето альтернатив, при решении задачи многокритериальной оптимизации характеристик системы инженерно-аэродромного обеспечения боевых действий авиации на постоянных аэродромах ВВСIn article one of adaptive methods of aggregation of subsystems is presented to uniform system of engineering-air field maintenance of operations of aircraft of the Air Forces, allowing to simplify required on behalf of making a decision the information, by search of the most preferential alternative from areas a subject consideration optimum on Pareto alternatives, at the solution to the problem It is a lot of criteria optimization of characteristics of system of engineering-air field maintenance of operations of aircraft in constant air stations of the Air Force

Adaptive Method of Consecutive Concessions at the Solution to the Problem of Vector Optimization of Characteristics of System of Engineering – Air Field Maintenance of Operations of Aircraft of the Air Forces

В статье представлен один из адаптивных методов агрегирования подсистем в единую систему инженерно-аэродромного обеспечения боевых действий авиации ВВС, позволяющий упростить требуемую от лица принимающего решение информацию при поиске наиболее предпочтительной альтернативы из областей подлежащих рассмотрению оптимальных по Парето альтернатив, при решении задачи многокритериальной оптимизации характеристик системы инженерно-аэродромного обеспечения боевых действий авиации на постоянных аэродромах ВВСIn article one of adaptive methods of aggregation of subsystems is presented to uniform system of engineering-air field maintenance of operations of aircraft of the Air Forces, allowing to simplify required on behalf of making a decision the information, by search of the most preferential alternative from areas a subject consideration optimum on Pareto alternatives, at the solution to the problem It is a lot of criteria optimization of characteristics of system of engineering-air field maintenance of operations of aircraft in constant air stations of the Air Force

Methodological Approach to Solving the Problem of the Background of Requirements to System of Engineering-Air Field Maintenance of Operations of Aircraft of the Air Forces

Представлен методологический подход к решению научной проблемы обоснования требований к системе инженерно-аэродромного обеспечения боевых действий авиации на постоянных аэродромах ВВС, представляющий собой оптимизационную задачу структурно- параметрического синтеза исследуемой системы, решение которой позволит определить оптимальные, в рамках принятых ограничений, наборы значений характеристик системы инженерно-аэродромного обеспечения боевых действий авиацииIn article the methodological approach to the decision of a scientific problem of a background of requirements to system of engineering-air field maintenance of operations of aircraft in constant air stations of the Air Forces, representing оptimization a problem of structurally-parametrical synthesis of investigated system which decision will allow to define optimum, within the limits of the accepted restrictions, on-pine forest values of characteristics of system of engineering-air field maintenance of operations of aircraft is presente

Methodological Approach to Solving the Problem of the Background of Requirements to System of Engineering-Air Field Maintenance of Operations of Aircraft of the Air Forces

Представлен методологический подход к решению научной проблемы обоснования требований к системе инженерно-аэродромного обеспечения боевых действий авиации на постоянных аэродромах ВВС, представляющий собой оптимизационную задачу структурно- параметрического синтеза исследуемой системы, решение которой позволит определить оптимальные, в рамках принятых ограничений, наборы значений характеристик системы инженерно-аэродромного обеспечения боевых действий авиацииIn article the methodological approach to the decision of a scientific problem of a background of requirements to system of engineering-air field maintenance of operations of aircraft in constant air stations of the Air Forces, representing оptimization a problem of structurally-parametrical synthesis of investigated system which decision will allow to define optimum, within the limits of the accepted restrictions, on-pine forest values of characteristics of system of engineering-air field maintenance of operations of aircraft is presente