Educational multimedia aimed at the study of imaging in the medical career

Introduction: Information and Communication Technologies have made a global leap forward in scientific and technical development. Educational multimedia is a learning source widely used in medical sciences.  Objective: to create an educational multimedia containing radiological images and self-assessment exercises for the development of practical skills in medical students.  Method: a technological development research was carried out at Pinar del Río University of Medical Sciences, from March to November 2017. The target group comprised 564 students from third academic-year of Medicine, a simple random sample of 282 students was chosen. A survey was applied as a questionnaire to students and experts as the external evaluators of the procedure.   Results: the multimedia constitutes a gallery of radiological images with self-assessment exercises of all the systems of human organism studied in the subjects of Medical Sciences. It is an application that supports the management and use of multimedia elements. It received positive evaluations from experts and users, who issued "very adequate" criteria regarding the different aspects that make it up.  Conclusions: it is a simple, attractive and easy to use tool due to its scientific nature, the quality of its images and the possibilities of interaction that it offers, in addition it facilitates the development of practical skills in the academic training of medical students; it was evaluated by specialists receiving excellent assessment

Multimedia educativa destinada al estudio de la Imagenología en la carrera de Medicina

Introduction: Information and Communication Technologies have made a global leap forward in scientific and technical development. Educational multimedia is a learning source widely used in medical sciences. Objective: to create an educational multimedia containing radiological images and self-assessment exercises for the development of practical skills in medical students. Method: a technological development research was carried out at Pinar del Río University of Medical Sciences, from March to November 2017. The target group comprised 564 students from third academic-year of Medicine, a simple random sample of 282 students was chosen. A survey was applied as a questionnaire to students and experts as the external evaluators of the procedure. Results: the multimedia constitutes a gallery of radiological images with self-assessment exercises of all the systems of human organism studied in the subjects of Medical Sciences. It is an application that supports the management and use of multimedia elements. It received positive evaluations from experts and users, who issued "very adequate" criteria regarding the different aspects that make it up. Conclusions: it is a simple, attractive and easy to use tool due to its scientific nature, the quality of its images and the possibilities of interaction that it offers, in addition it facilitates the development of practical skills in the academic training of medical students; it was evaluated by specialists receiving excellent assessment. Introducción: las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones han significado a escala mundial un salto vertiginoso en el desarrollo científico-técnico. Las multimedias educativas constituyen un recurso del aprendizaje muy utilizado actualmente en las ciencias médicas.Objetivo: crear una multimedia educativa que contenga imágenes radiológicas y ejercicios de autoevaluación para el desarrollo de habilidades prácticas en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina.Método: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, de marzo a noviembre de 2017. El universo estuvo formado por los 564 estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera de Medicina, seleccionándose una muestra aleatoria simple de 282 estudiantes. Se aplicó una encuesta en forma de cuestionario a estudiantes y expertos en función de evaluadores externos del producto.Resultados: la multimedia constituye una galería de imágenes radiológicas con ejercicios de autoevaluación de todos los sistemas del organismo humano que son estudiados en la asignatura Imagenología de la carrera de Medicina. Se trata de una aplicación que sustenta la administración y utilización de elementos multimedia. Recibió valoraciones positivas por parte de expertos y usuarios, los cuales emitieron criterios de “muy adecuado” respecto a los diferentes aspectos que la conforman.Conclusiones: resultó ser una herramienta sencilla, atractiva y de fácil manejo por su cientificidad, la calidad de sus imágenes y las posibilidades de interacción que ofrece, además facilita el logro de habilidades prácticas en la formación académica de los estudiantes de Medicina; fue valorada por especialistas recibiendo excelentes valoraciones

Propuesta metodológica para la redacción científica de presentaciones de casos

One of the main complexities currently presented to the medical researchers is the scientific writing of the case reports of a clinical case. The objective of this piece of writing is to provide a methodological proposal for the writing of this type of reports. The different sections that must be offered are presented, underlining the case reports and the need to describe to the scientific community the findings observed in the medical practice.Una de las principales dificultades que se presentan en la actualidad a los investigadores consiste en la redacción científica de una presentación o informe de un caso clínico. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en brindar una propuesta metodológica para la redacción de este tipo de informes. Se presentan las diferentes secciones que debe poseer, haciéndose énfasis en la presentación del caso y la necesidad de dar a conocer a la comunidad científica los hallazgos encontrados en la práctica médica

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

La aterosclerosis: una enfermedad sistémica

La aterosclerosis es una enfermedad crónica, generalizada y progresiva que afecta sobre todo a las arterias de mediano tamaño. En nuestro país es la causa de 124.000 muertes anuales. Por tal razón esta revisión se realizó con el objetivo de describir las repercusiones de la aterosclerosis a nivel sistémico, para lo cual se revisaron 33 bibliografías. Clínicamente se manifiesta como cardiopatía isquémica, enfermedad cerebrovascular o enfermedad arterial periférica. Los factores de riesgo son los mismos para los distintos territorios vasculares. El tratamiento con estatinas, antiagregantes plaquetarios o inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina han demostrado consistentemente su beneficio, con independencia del lecho vascular afectado. Esta enfermedad constituye un importante problema de salud del siglo XXI y su evolución desfavorable y complicaciones a cualquier nivel del árbol vascular, pueden evitarse llevando un estilo de vida adecuado y/o tratamiento farmacológico de ser necesario.

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present