Cell culture models and pharmacological perspective for the study of breast cancer markers.

Among the most prevalent neoplasias, breast cancer shows an astonishing tendency. Unfortunately this cancer has a high mortality worldwide, requiring sustained management of all actors involved in public health in order to get an early diagnosis and treatment. The methods associated with conventional cytogenetics and molecular cell culture, besides early detection of gene expression patterns associated with cancer susceptibility, have contributed to identify inherited genes and metabolic disorders related to obesity, which are also involved in breast cancer. In any case, a broad study of the above mentioned factors can give a predictive value to support the design of public health models to determine cancer risk in order to decrease the mortality from this disease. Cell cultures offers a wide range of scientific approach for the study of breast cancer, including the analysis of biological function of several compounds in search of increasingly effective treatments with fewer side effects against this malignancy

Intracellular signaling pathways involved in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; molecular targets

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. ALL is the most common hematologic malignancy in early childhood, and it reaches peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 3 years. The prognosis of ALL is associated with aberrant gene expression, in addition to the presence of numerical or structural chromosomal alterations, age, race, and immunophenotype. The Relapse rate with regard to pharmacological treatment rises in childhood; thus, the expression of biomarkers associated with the activation of cell signaling pathways is crucial to establish the disease prognosis. Intracellular pathways involved in ALL are diverse, including Janus kinase/Signal transducers and transcription activators (JAK-STAT), Phosphoinositide-3- kinase–protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT), Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK), Glycogen synthase kinase-3b (GSK-3b), Nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-jB), and Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1a (HIF-1a), among others. In this review, we present several therapeutic targets, intracellular pathways, and molecular markers that are being studied extensively at present

Factores de pronóstico en leucemia linfoblástica aguda pediátrica: posibles marcadores moleculares

La presentación clínica de LLA es heterogénea y con manifestaciones iniciales de carácter insidioso, por lo general en un lapso menor a cuatro semanas siendo más común en la primera infancia, y alcanzando su mayor incidencia entre las edades de 2-3 años (> 80 por millón por año), con tasas que disminuyen a 20 por millón por año en niños entre 8- 10 años de edad. En algunos casos las células leucémicas inician un proceso de acumulación en diferentes órganos incluyendo el hígado, los ganglios linfáticos, el bazo y el sistema nervioso central.La leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil (LLA) es un tipo de enfermedad hematoló- gica caracterizada por la proliferación descontrolada de células inmaduras que surgen a partir de células madre de la médula ósea y migran a sangre periférica, remplazando progresivamente las células sanguíneas funcionales vitales en el reconocimiento antigénico y mantenimiento de la homeostasis del organismo. La incidencia en población menor de 12 anos de edad es alta y generalmente cuenta con un pronóstico favorable. El proceso desencadenante en la LLA está asociado a la expresión de genes aberrantes y a la presencia de translocaciones cromosómicas principalmente de tipo numérico o estructural, asociadas finalmente al proceso de maduración celular. El tratamiento farmacológico de LLA ha demostrado altos índices de efectividad en el inicio del proceso fisiopatológico de la enfermedad, sin embargo la expresión de biomarcadores asociados con la activación de vías de senalización celular es determinante para establecer el pronóstico de la enfermedad, por lo que la necesidad de la implementación de la terapia molecular dirigida y la búsqueda de biomarcadores pronósticos a nivel molecular debe ser progresiva

Propuesta didáctica centrada en las nuevas tendencias deportivas para el fortalecimiento de la creatividad motriz de los estudiantes de segundo grado del colegio Vista Bella.

Los sistemas educativos en la escuela presentan sistemas tradicionales en la clase de educación física donde se tornan a veces repetitivos en sus prácticas generando desinterés en los estudiantes. Siendo una materia con ilimitadas formas de desarrollo y aportes al estudiante no puede ser limitada a ciertos movimientos, deportes, contenidos y formas de llevarla a cabo que no le proporcionan al estudiante mayor libertad o participación desde el punto de vista de generarle propuestas diferentes o que el mismo las plantee. La educación en la actualidad en Colombia y en el mundo tiene como objetivo fomentar la capacidad creativa de los estudiantes y para lograrlo se deben plantear formas didácticas adecuadas y acertadas para cumplir este objetivo. De igual forma se logran observar practicas motrices nuevas denominadas aquí como nuevas tendencias deportivas, expuestas en su mayoría por jóvenes que buscan explotar su potencial creativo, así es como parece en el mapa la posibilidad de generar propuestas didácticas que aprovechen estos elementos para potenciar, fomentar y fortalecer la creatividad y el pensamiento creativo a través de estas prácticas. Es así como se genera la necesidad de fortalecer nuevas miradas didácticas acordes con los avances y tendencias culturales de movimiento humano deporte y recreación. De acuerdo a ver la creatividad como una competencia contemporánea, y la condición de la educación física en el desarrollo de esta competencia. Y también la necesidad de identificar el posible aporte pedagógico de las nuevas tendencias deportivas a las didácticas escolares de la clase de educación física y el desarrollo de los procesos creativos

Diseño e implementación de un sistema basado en IOT y paneles solares para la ayuda a personas con deterioro cognitivo en actividades diarias

Trabajo de investigación tecnológicaLa calidad de vida en la ciudad de Bogotá tiene factores abrasivos que convergen sobre sus habitantes. En materia de seguridad, Bogotá es una ciudad con altos índices de hurtos, siendo este otro factor agregado al entorno abrasivo de sus habitantes. El estrés en los niños como en los adultos puede producir un efecto negativo en el desarrollo de actividades cotidianas.INTRODUCCIÓN. 1. PLANTEAMIENTO Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA. 2. OBJETIVOS. 3. ANTECEDENTES. 4. JUSTIFICACIÓN. 5. ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES. 6. MARCO TEÓRICO. 7. METODOLOGÍA. 8. DESARROLLO DEL TRABAJO DE GRADO. 9. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS. CONCLUSIONES. RECOMENDACIONES FUTURAS BIBLIOGRAFÍA.PregradoIngeniero Electrónic

Evaluation of a Salivary Cortisol ELISA Kit in a Critical Obstetrical Unit

Background and Objective: In recent years the use of saliva samples for the diagnosis of several clinical entities has been constantly increasing. The aim of this study was to describe the correlation between salivary and serum cortisol levels with the bleeding volume in cases of obstetrical hemorrhage grades III-IV. Methodology: This was a pilot prospective cross-sectional study. Two groups were conformed, 1) Puerperal women with grade III-IV obstetric hemorrhage and (2) Healthy puerperal women. During the first 8 h of admission to the Obstetrical-ICU or Hospitalization Service, a blood and saliva samples for cortisol measures were taken simultaneously. Relationships between the measured variables were assessed using Spearman correlations. All tests were performed with the SPSS ver. 23 statistical software program (IBM SPSS Statistics Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results: Eight patients were included, 4 with hemorrhage (mean age 31 years, SE: 2) and 4 with healthy pregnancies (mean age 26 years, SE: 2.7). Within the subgroup of patients with hemorrhage, the Spearman correlation for saliva and serum cortisol was of 0.800 (p = 0.2). The negative correlation between salival cortisol and hemorrhage was high but without reaching statistical significance (r2 = -0.800, p<0.200). Conclusion: The saliva cortisol determination through an ELISA kit has a high correlation with serum cortisol in case of obstetric hemorrhage Grades III-IV which give a glimpse to think about a possible failure in the ACTH-cortisol axis

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-kB) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in early childhood. In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the activity of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) has been associated with changes in the transcriptional activity and expression of nuclear factor kappa beta (NFKB) in the mononuclear cells of bone marrow. Objectives. The aim of the study was to determine the possible role of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3β) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFKB) as prognostic variables in pediatric patients with ALL. Material and Methods. This was a descriptive, transversal, and observational study. Bone marrow and blood samples were obtained from 30 children with newly-diagnosed ALL, who were seen at the Hematology-Oncology Service, Hospital para el Niño (HPN), Toluca, Mexico, from 2014‒2015. Anthropometric variables, clinical lab results, immunophenotype and cytogenetic abnormalities were registered. GSK-3β was evaluated through immunohistochemistry, and NFKB messenger RNA (mRNA) with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The cases of ALL were classified into two groups of risk: high and habitual. Results. Thirty patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 7.1 years (range 2‒13 years). Twenty-one were male and 9 female. Employing the morphological classification, 26 patients had type L1 ALL and the remaining 4 patients had type L2 ALL. Abnormal genes were found in 7 (23.33%) patients, ETV-RUNX1 in 3, followed by TCF3-PBX1 (two), STL1-TAL1 (one), and BCR-ABL1 (one). NFKB relative expression levels, in comparison to the GSK-3β immunohistochemistry results of the bone marrow samples, showed significant differences between positive and negative cases (p = 0.001) and between weak-positive and negative cases (p = 0.002). Conclusions. These results suggest that GSK-3β may be a prognostic biomarker in childhood ALLCiprés Grupo Médic

Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Phototherapy

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic rheumatic disease that affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing pain and inflammation. We presented a case of a 61 years old male with ankylosing spondylitis that, despite being receiving Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics and prednisone showed clinical deterioration. The patient received phototherapy within a range from 425 to 650 nm and a cytokine profile was measured at previous to the therapy and after 48 sessions. The clinical improvement was evident with pain remission and mobility recovery, as well as reduction in the proinflammatory cytokine profile

High susceptibility of candida albicans atcc 10231 to tetrahydrofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazoles obtained by click chemistry

Tetrahydrofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazoles, synthesized by Click chemistry, were tested as novel antifungal compounds. The results show a remarkable activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 expressed in a high MIC50 and MIC90 compared to traditional antifungals such as fluconazole

Cytokine Profile at the Beginning of Pregnancy in Mexican Women

Objectives: To quantify and associate the levels of Th1 pro-inflammatory and Th2 antiinflammatory cytokines with the anthropometric measurements at the beginning of pregnancy. Methods: This prospective clinical and descriptive study included pregnant women 18 years of age and older. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Correlations were determined among the cytokines and anthropometric variables. Results: From 83 pregnant women IL-4 was significantly higher in Underweight compared to Overweight patients (97.5 ± 3.5 vs. 66.4 ± 17.6 pg/mL, p = .037), Underweight compared to Obesity Class I patients (97.5 ± 3.5 vs. 60.6 ± 17.2 pg/mL, p = .024) and in Normal Weight compared to Obesity Class I patients (72.2 ± 17.7 vs. 60.6 ± 17.2 pg/mL, p = .026). TNF-α was significantly higher in Normal Weight compared to Obesity Class II patients (41.9 ± 26 vs. 24.9 ± 19.7 pg/mL, p = .031). IL-4 was positively correlated with TNF-α (r2 = .309, p = .005) and negatively correlated with pre-gestational BMI (r2 = -.243, p = .029). IL-10 was positively correlated with IL-4 (r2 = .356, p = .001) and TNF-α (r2 = .308, p = .005). Finally, IFN-γ was negatively correlated with IL-4 (r2 = -.246, p = .025), IL-6 (r2 = -.232, p =.035) and TNF-α (r2 = -.289, p = .008). Conclusion: In Mexican women, there is a low antiinflammatory cytokine profile at the beginning of pregnancy.This work was funded by the Grant 1040/2014RIFC of the UAEMex