Does gender really matter when we are talking about energy saving attitudes and behaviours?

Some studies indicate that women tend to be more pro-environmental than men, since they buy more green products, play a more active role in the separation of packages for recycling and display behaviour that is more favourable in regard to saving energy resources. With a specific focus on gender differences, this study aims to compare English and Portuguese students’ attitudes and behaviours in relation to energy saving. Three universities participated in this study, one from Portugal (PT) and two from the United Kingdom (UK), with data collected through a questionnaire. The results point to a number of significant differences in relation to gender between the respondents from the two countries, and some consistent trends in gender differences across the whole sample and the sub-samples from the different countries. The key trends identified overall are that female students are significantly more likely to express positive attitudes towards energy saving, and to undertake energy-saving behaviours. Differences between the sub-samples are relatively small compared to the similarities between them, suggesting that gender differences are reasonably consistent across the two countries

DESCRIÇÃO DE TRÊS CASOS DE CRIPTORQUIDISMO EM EQUINOS DE RAÇA QUARTO DE MILHA EM PORTUGAL

O criptorquidismo consiste na não-descida dos testículos para o escroto, podendo ser uni ou bilateral. Cerca de 10% dos casos são de criptorquidismo bilateral e as situações unilaterais ocorrem frequentemente do lado esquerdo. Os testículos podem localizar-se na cavidade abdominal, no canal inguinal ou no tecido subcutâneo junto ao anel inguinal externo. As características das lesões macro e microscópicas do(s) testículo(s) dependem da idade do cavalo e da localização do testículo. Normalmente a observação macroscópica revela atrofia pronunciada e aumento da consistência. No exame histopatológico observa-se hipoplasia das células da linha germinativa e, em cavalos idosos, fibrose ao nível das túnicas. Os cavalos com criptorquidismo bilateral são estéreis mas, mantendo-se a produção de testosterona pelas células de Leydig, o comportamento sexual masculino não é alterado, apresentando-se, por vezes, estes animais mais agressivos que os não-criptorquídeos. Em equinos é considerado uma situação hereditária com carácter dominante, que ocorre com prevalência elevada em determinadas raças nomeadamente no American Quarter Horse (Quarto de Milha). Assim, mesmo os cavalos com criptorquidismo unilateral, que ainda apresentam de sémen, não devem ser utilizados para a reprodução devendo ser recomendada a sua castração. A castração pode ser efectuada por acesso inguinal, parainguinal, suprapúbico paramediano ou no flanco. Recentemente tem-se desenvolvido a castração por laparoscopia com o cavalo em estação ou em decúbito. O presente trabalho refere três casos de critptorquidismo esquerdo, em cavalos Quarto de Milha, castrados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Évora (HVUE), com 2 1/2, 3 ½ e 6 anos de idade. Os testículos ectópicos localizavam-se, respectivamente, no anel inguinal, no tecido sub-cutâneo e na cavidade abdominal. A castração do cavalo cujo testículo se encontrava sub-cutâneo, junto ao anel inguinal externo, realizou-se por acesso inguinal, com o cavalo sedado e em estação. As outras duas cirurgias realizaram-se sob anestesia geral (por via inalatória) com os cavalos em decúbito dorsal sendo ambas iniciadas por acesso inguinal. O testículo de localização abdominal, teve que ser extraído por acesso parainguinal, dada a impossibilidade de exteriorização pelo anel inguinal. Ao exame macroscópico os testículos ectópicos encontravam-se atrofiados. O testículo com localização subcutânea apresentava forma irregular e os de localização no anel inguinal e na cavidade abdominal apresentavam, respectivamente, aumento da consistência e diminuição da mesma. Ao exame histopatológico observou-se, em todas as amostras, hipoplasia e degenerescência testicular severa sobretudo das células da linha germinativa, sendo que o testículo com localização abdominal apresentava ausência quase total destas células e também alterações degenerativas das células de Sertoli.#The cryptorchidism refers to the retention of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) testicles and its absence in the scrotum. 10% of the cases of cryptorchidism are bilateral and the unilateral cases are frequently observed on the left side. The ectopic testicles can be located in the abdominal cavity, the inguinal ring or the sub-cutaneous tissue near the external inguinal ring. The macroscopic and microscopic lesions observed in the testicles depend both from the animal’s age as well as from the testicles’s location. More often the macroscopic examination reveals a marked atrophic testicle and a harder consistency of it. On the hystopathological exam we observe hypoplasia of the cells of the germinative pathway and in older horses a pronounced fibrosis in the area of the tunics. Horses with bilateral cryptorchidism suffer from sterility, however since the Leydig cells still produce testosterone, the mating behaviour and secondary sexual characteristics suffer no changes, horses are sometimes even more aggressive than non-cryptorchids horses. Cryptorchidism in horses is considered a hereditary situation with dominant character and has a high prevalence in some horse breeds like the American Quarter Horse. Concerning this fact, horses with this pathology, even if is unilateral and even with production of semen, should not be used as stallions and its castration should be recommended. The castration can be performed by several “traditional” approaches but presently some surgeons prefer the laparoscopic approach with the horse standing or in dorsal recumbency. The present work refers to three cases of left side cryptorchidism (unilateral) in American Quarter Horse that were castrated in the Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Évora (HVUE). The three horses were 2 1/2, 3½ and 6 years old. The ectopic testicles were located in the inguinal ring (the 2 ½ years old horse), sub-cutaneous tissue (the 3½ years old horse) and in the abdominal cavity (the 6 years old horse). The surgery performed for the testicle located in the subcutaneous tissue was performed by inguinal approach with the animal standing and sedated. The other two surgeries were both performed with general inhalant anaesthesia with the animal in dorsal recumbency. Both surgeries were initially done by inguinal approach being the inguinal testicle well exteriorized by this approach. The intra abdominal testicle was impossible to remove through the inguinal ring so the para inguinal approach was used to exteriorize it. In the macroscopic examination all ectopic testicles were severely atrophic. The testicle removed from the subcutaneous tissue presented an irregular shape and the other testicles presented changes in consistency with higher consistency for the inguinal ring testicle and decreased consistency for the intra abdominal one. In the hystopathological examination, hypoplasia and severe testicular degenerative changes were observed in all samples especially in the germinative cells. In intra abdominal testicle these cells are almost absent and the Sertoli cells had marked degenerative changes

Compilation, revision, and annotation of DNA barcodes of marine invertebrate Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) occurring in european coastal regions

The script developed to create the DNA sequence reference library is available at https://github.com/tadeu95/Curated-BINs-Reference-Library (accessed on 25 January 2023). Metabarcoding datasets will be made available upon request since they belong to a study that is not published yet.The introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) is one of the major threats to the integrity of European coastal ecosystems. DNA-based assessments have been increasingly adopted for monitoring NIS. However, the accuracy of DNA-based taxonomic assignments is largely dependent on the completion and reliability of DNA barcode reference libraries. As such, we aimed to compile and audit a DNA barcode reference library for marine invertebrate NIS occurring in Europe. To do so, we compiled a list of NIS using three databases: the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN), the Information System on Aquatic Non-indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS), and the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS). For each species, we retrieved the available cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene sequences from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and used the Barcode, Audit & Grade System (BAGS) to check congruence between morphospecies names and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). From the 1249 species compiled, approximately 42% had records on BOLD, among which 56% were discordant. We further analyzed these cases to determine the causes of the discordances and attributed additional annotation tags. Of the 622 discordant BINs, after revision, 35% were successfully solved, which increased the number of NIS detected in metabarcoding datasets from 12 to 16. However, a fair number of BINs remained discordant. Reliability of reference barcode records is particularly critical in the case of NIS, where erroneous identification may trigger action or inaction when not required.This research was funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT I.P.), grant number PTDC/BIA-BMA/29754/2017 (NIS-DNA: Early detection and monitoring of non-indigenous species (NIS) in coastal ecosystems based on high-throughput sequencing tools) and by the “Contrato-Programa” UIDB/04050/2020. Financial support granted by the FCT I.P. to S.D. (CEECIND/00667/2017) is also acknowledged. A.S.L. (UI/BD/150871/2021) and J.T.F. (UI/BD/150910/2021) are supported by the Collaboration Protocol for Financing the Multiannual Research Grants Plan for Doctoral Students with financial support from FCT I.P. and the European Social Fund under the Northern Regional Operational Program—Norte2020

Vancomycin-Loaded, Nanohydroxyapatite-Based Scaffold for Osteomyelitis Treatment: In Vivo Rabbit Toxicological Tests and In Vivo Efficacy Tests in a Sheep Model

The treatment for osteomyelitis consists of surgical debridement, filling of the dead space, soft tissue coverage, and intravenous administration of antimicrobial (AM) agents for long periods. Biomaterials for local delivery of AM agents, while providing controllable antibiotic release rates and simultaneously acting as a bone scaffold, may be a valuable alternative; thus, avoiding systemic AM side effects. V-HEPHAPC is a heparinized nanohydroxyapatite (nHA)/collagen biocomposite loaded with vancomycin that has been previously studied and tested in vitro. It enables a vancomycin-releasing profile with an intense initial burst, followed by a sustained release with concentrations above the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for MRSA. In vitro results have also shown that cellular viability is not compromised, suggesting that V-HEPHAPC granules may be a promising alternative device for the treatment of osteomyelitis. In the present study, V-HEPHAPC (HEPHAPC with vancomycin) granules were used as a vancomycin carrier to treat MRSA osteomyelitis. First, in vivo Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) toxicological tests were performed in a rabbit model, assuring that HEPHAPC and V-HEPHAPC have no relevant side effects. Second, V-HEPHAPC proved to be an efficient drug carrier and bone substitute to control MRSA infection and simultaneously reconstruct the bone cavity in a sheep model.This work was financed by FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020-Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020; by Portuguese funds through FCT/MCTES in the framework of the project institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274); by the Project Biotherapies (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012); and by the project HEPHAPC Program RESOLVE, Norte 2020 (NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000018). The authors would also like to acknowledge the technical support for histology and histochemical studies of Rui Fernandes and Rossana Correia and all the staff from HEMS/i3S, as well as the support of all the staff and students at the Hospital Veterinario-Universidade de Evora

Spinal myxomas: review of a rare entity.

Intramuscular myxomas are rare, benign mesenchymal tumours, occurring predominantly in large skeletal muscles as large, slow-growing and painless masses. Spinal occurrence is rare, and may present incidentally, or diagnosed via localized symptoms secondary to local infiltration of surrounding structures. Differential diagnosis based on imaging includes sarcomas, meningiomas and lipomas. We discuss two contrasting cases presenting with well-circumscribed cystic paraspinal lesions indicative of an infiltrative tumour and discuss the radiological and histological differences that distinguish myxomas from similar tumours. Surgical resection of the tumour was performed in both cases, however one patient required surgical fixation due to bony erosion secondary to tumour infiltration. Immuno-histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a cellular myxoma. Follow up imaging at 6 months confirmed no symptomatic or tumour recurrence in both cases. Histological analysis is the definitive means for diagnosis to differentiate myxomas from other tumours. Recurrence is rare if full resection is achieved

Compilation, Revision, and Annotation of DNA Barcodes of Marine Invertebrate Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) Occurring in European Coastal Regions

The introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) is one of the major threats to the integrity of European coastal ecosystems. DNA-based assessments have been increasingly adopted for monitoring NIS. However, the accuracy of DNA-based taxonomic assignments is largely dependent on the completion and reliability of DNA barcode reference libraries. As such, we aimed to compile and audit a DNA barcode reference library for marine invertebrate NIS occurring in Europe. To do so, we compiled a list of NIS using three databases: the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN), the Information System on Aquatic Non-indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS), and the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS). For each species, we retrieved the available cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene sequences from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and used the Barcode, Audit & Grade System (BAGS) to check congruence between morphospecies names and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). From the 1249 species compiled, approximately 42% had records on BOLD, among which 56% were discordant. We further analyzed these cases to determine the causes of the discordances and attributed additional annotation tags. Of the 622 discordant BINs, after revision, 35% were successfully solved, which increased the number of NIS detected in metabarcoding datasets from 12 to 16. However, a fair number of BINs remained discordant. Reliability of reference barcode records is particularly critical in the case of NIS, where erroneous identification may trigger action or inaction when not required

A Universal Pharmacological-Based List of Drugs with Anticholinergic Activity

Anticholinergic burden tools have relevant pharmacological gaps that may explain their limited predictive ability for clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to provide a universal pharmacological-based list of drugs with their documented affinity for muscarinic receptors. A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify the anticholinergic burden tools. Drugs included in these instruments were searched in four pharmacological databases, and the investigation was supplemented with PubMed. The evidence regarding the potential antagonism of the five muscarinic receptors of each drug was assessed. The proportion of drugs included in the tools with an affinity for muscarinic receptors was evaluated. A universal list of drugs with anticholinergic activity was developed based on their documented affinity for the different subtypes of muscarinic receptors and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. A total of 23 tools were identified, including 304 different drugs. Only 48.68%, 47.70%, 48.03%, 43.75%, and 42.76% of the drugs had an affinity to the M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 receptor, respectively, reported in any pharmacological database. The proportion of drugs with confirmed antagonism varied among the tools (36.8% to 100%). A universal pharmacological-based list of 133 drugs is presented. It should be further validated in different clinical settings.3910-3178-31BA | MARIA MARGARIDA COUTINHO DE SEABRA CASTEL-BRANCO CAETANOinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Association between anticholinergic burden and anticholinergic adverse outcomes in the elderly: Pharmacological basis of their predictive value for adverse outcomes

3910-3178-31BA | MARIA MARGARIDA COUTINHO DE SEABRA CASTEL-BRANCO CAETANOinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio