Regard international sur le Centre de Recyclage et d'employabilité de la main d’oeuvre de l'Estrie au travers de trois enquêtes majeures qui ont été menées au Canada et dans six pays de l'OCDE

Le Centre de recyclage et d'employabilité de la main-d’oeuvre de l'Estrie, le C.R.E.M.E. complète dix années d'activités au service des personnes analphabètes qui désirent intégrer ou réintégrer le marché du travail. Au plan régional, les activités ont été mises de l'avant dans la foulée des actions menées par La Maison Alpha en association avec plusieurs entreprises manufacturières qui s'engagèrent alors dans le recrutement et la formation des travailleurs analphabètes. Les Maison Alpha de Sherbrooke et de Magog furent créées en 1981 afin de venir en aide aux personnes analphabètes qui souhaitent apprendre à lire et à écrire. En 1983, les deux organismes ont été fusionnés pour devenir le Collectif d'alphabétisation des travailleurs: La Maison Alpha se spécialise alors dans la formation des travailleurs analphabètes. En avril 1986, l'analyse des données de Statistique Canada et du ministère de la Main-d’oeuvre et de la Sécurité du revenu montre qu'il existe dans le Sherbrooke métropolitain un taux d'analphabétisme fonctionnel élevé. Cette évaluation qui est fondée sur les niveaux de scolarité de la population révèle que plus de vingt-huit mille personnes sont considérées analphabètes dans un rayon de trente kilomètres de la ville de Sherbrooke. L'expérimentation développée par le Centre régional d'alphabétisation, La Maison Alpha, confirme que l'alphabétisation des travailleurs ne suffit pas à régler leurs problèmes d'employabilité. Plusieurs personnes analphabètes désirent recevoir une formation adaptée à leurs besoins qui leur permet d'intégrer ou de réintégrer le marché du travail. Compte tenu des transformations majeures qui sont amenées au niveau de la définition du concept d'alphabétisme et les façons de le mesurer, il s'avère important pour le C.R.E.M.E. de faire le point sur les activités de formation passées et sur celles qu'il entend mettre en oeuvre pour le situer dans la vision moderne de l'alphabétisme. Dans cette perspective, ce travail vise à analyser les programmes de l'organisme et les activités qu'il offre à ses participants. Pour ce faire, les orientations et les activités du C.R.E.M.E. seront mises en rapport avec les principales études qui ont contribué à définir le concept d'alphabétisme et qui ont déterminé les capacités qui sont jugées essentielles à l'individu pour fonctionner dans une société industrialisée

Maturation néonatale des enzymes responsables du maintien du glutathion intracellulaire chez le prématuré humain

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS): A Novel Tool for Intravascular Coronary Imaging

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) arising from plaque rupture is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS) is a novel catheter-based intravascular imaging modality that provides a chemogram of the coronary artery wall, which enables the detection of lipid core and specific quantification of lipid accumulation measured as the lipid-core burden index (LCBI) in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Recent studies have shown that NIRS-IVUS can identify vulnerable plaques and vulnerable patients associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events, whereas an increased coronary plaque LCBI may predict a higher risk of future cardiovascular events and periprocedural events. NIRS is a promising tool for the detection of vulnerable plaques in CAD patients, PCI-guidance procedures, and assessment of lipid-lowering therapies. Previous trials have evaluated the impact of statin therapy on coronary NIRS defined lipid cores, whereas NIRS could further be used as a surrogate end point of future ACS in phase II clinical trials evaluating novel anti-atheromatous drug therapies. Multiple ongoing studies address the different potential clinical applications of NIRS-IVUS imaging as a valuable tool for coronary plaque characterization and predictor of future coronary events in CAD patients

Beneficial effects of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) on circulating CD34+ cells in patients after an acute coronary syndrome

Background: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) favorably affect endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Circulating progenitor cell level and function are impaired in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study investigates the short-term effects of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) on circulating progenitor cells in patients with ACS. Methods and Findings: The study population consisted of 33 patients with recent ACS: 20 patients from the ERASE trial (randomized to receive 4 weekly intravenous infusions of CSL-111 40 mg/kg or placebo) and 13 additional patients recruited as controls using the same enrolment criteria. Blood was collected from 16 rHDL (CSL-111)-treated patients and 17 controls at baseline and at 6–7 weeks (i.e. 2–3 weeks after the fourth infusion of CSL-111 in ERASE). CD34+ and CD34+/kinase insert domain receptor (KDR+) progenitor cell counts were analyzed by flow cytometry. We found preserved CD34+ cell counts in CSL-111-treated subjects at follow-up (change of 1.6%), while the number of CD34+ cells was reduced (-32.9%) in controls (p = 0.017 between groups). The level of circulating SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor-1), a chemokine involved in progenitor cell recruitment, increased significantly (change of 21.5%) in controls, while it remained unchanged in CSL-111-treated patients (p = 0.031 between groups). In vitro exposure to CSL-111 of early EPC isolated from healthy volunteers significantly increased CD34+ cells, reduced early EPC apoptosis and enhanced their migration capacity towards SDF-1. Conclusions: The relative increase in circulating CD34+ cells and the low SDF-1 levels observed following rHDL infusions in ACS patients point towards a role of rHDL in cardiovascular repair mechanisms

A Short-Term High-Fat Diet Alters Glutathione Levels and IL-6 Gene Expression in Oxidative Skeletal Muscles of Young Rats

Obesity and ensuing disorders are increasingly prevalent worldwide. High-fat diets (HFD) and diet-induced obesity have been shown to induce oxidative stress and inflammation while altering metabolic homeostasis in many organs, including the skeletal muscle. We previously observed that 14 days of HFD impairs contractile functions of the soleus (SOL) oxidative skeletal muscle. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clarified. In order to determine the effects of a short-term HFD on skeletal muscle glutathione metabolism, young male Wistar rats (100–125 g) were fed HFD or a regular chow diet (RCD) for 14 days. Reduced (GSH) and disulfide (GSSG) glutathione levels were measured in the SOL. The expression of genes involved in the regulation of glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense and inflammation were measured by RNA-Seq. We observed a significant 25% decrease of GSH levels in the SOL muscle. Levels of GSSG and the GSH:GSSG ratio were similar in both groups. Further, we observed a 4.5 fold increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) but not of other cytokines or markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. We hereby demonstrate that a short-term HFD significantly lowers SOL muscle GSH levels. This effect could be mediated through the increased expression of IL-6. Further, the skeletal muscle antioxidant defense could be impaired under cellular stress. We surmise that these early alterations could contribute to HFD-induced insulin resistance observed in longer protocols

A collaborative model to implement flexible, accessible and efficient oncogenetic services for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer : the C-MOnGene study

Medical genetic services are facing an unprecedented demand for counseling and testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in a context of limited resources. To help resolve this issue, a collaborative oncogenetic model was recently developed and implemented at the CHU de Québec-Université Laval; Quebec; Canada. Here, we present the protocol of the C-MOnGene (Collaborative Model in OncoGenetics) study, funded to examine the context in which the model was implemented and document the lessons that can be learned to optimize the delivery of oncogenetic services. Within three years of implementation, the model allowed researchers to double the annual number of patients seen in genetic counseling. The average number of days between genetic counseling and disclosure of test results significantly decreased. Group counseling sessions improved participants' understanding of breast cancer risk and increased knowledge of breast cancer and genetics and a large majority of them reported to be overwhelmingly satisfied with the process. These quality and performance indicators suggest this oncogenetic model offers a flexible, patient-centered and efficient genetic counseling and testing for HBOC. By identifying the critical facilitating factors and barriers, our study will provide an evidence base for organizations interested in transitioning to an oncogenetic model integrated into oncology care; including teams that are not specialized but are trained in genetics

Understanding the nervous system: Lessons from Frontiers in Neurophotonics

The Frontiers in Neurophotonics Symposium is a biennial event that brings together neurobiologists and physicists/engineers who share interest in the development of leading-edge photonics-based approaches to understand and manipulate the nervous system, from its individual molecular components to complex networks in the intact brain. In this Community paper, we highlight several topics that have been featured at the symposium that took place in October 2022 in Québec City, Canada

Clinical Nutrition 2017: Glutathione in parenteral nutrition prevents both the oxidative stress and hypo alveolarization in lungs of newborn guinea pigs- Jean Claude Lavoie- Universite de Montreal

International audienc