Subject index to one hundred children's books for use in religious education (grades i-ix)

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1946. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

External memory BWT and LCP computation for sequence collections with applications

We propose an external memory algorithm for the computation of the BWT and LCP array for a collection of sequences. Our algorithm takes the amount of available memory as an input parameter, and tries to make the best use of it by splitting the input collection into subcollections sufficiently small that it can compute their BWT in RAM using an optimal linear time algorithm. Next, it merges the partial BWTs in external memory and in the process it also computes the LCP values. We show that our algorithm performs O(n maxlcp) sequential I/Os, where n is the total length of the collection and maxlcp is the maximum LCP value. The experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms the current best algorithm for collections of sequences with different lengths and when the average LCP of the collection is relatively small compared to the length of the sequences. In the second part of the paper, we show that our algorithm can be modified to output two additional arrays that, combined with the BWT and LCP arrays, provide simple, scan based, external memory algorithms for three well known problems in bioinformatics: the computation of the all pairs suffix-prefix overlaps, the computation of maximal repeats, and the construction of succinct de Bruijn graphs

Carcinoma In Situ Involving Sclerosing Adenosis on Core Biopsy: Diagnostic Pearls to Aid the Practicing Clinician and Avoid Overtreatment

INTRODUCTION: Involvement of pre-existing benign lesions by ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular neoplasia (LN) can present difficult diagnostic challenges, and can easily cause misdiagnosis of invasive carcinoma and over-management of localized disease. Our objective was to gather the largest case series of DCIS and LN involving sclerosing adenosis (SA), and to report the characteristic features of these lesions, in order to provide histologic criteria for the diagnostician. METHODS: Our database was searched for core biopsy material diagnosed as carcinoma in situ involving adenosis. Glass slides and pathology reports were reviewed. The cases were studied for salient features, and clinical follow-up was also obtained. RESULTS: Thirty-one cases of DCIS or LN involving SA were obtained (12 cases of DCIS, 19 cases of LN including LCIS and ALH). Histomorphologic features commonly seen with DCIS or LN involving SA included lobulocentric architecture (31/31, 100%), myoepithelial cells visible by H&E at least focally (31/31, 100%), and separate areas of SA not involved by neoplasia (29/31, 93.5%). Features that were sometimes seen included hyaline basement membranes surrounding the lesion (14/31, 45.2%), DCIS/LN apart from the area of involvement by SA (16/31, 51.6%), and calcifications associated with DCIS/LN/SA (12/31, 38.7%). Features that were not commonly seen included desmoplasia (6/31, 19.4%), dense inflammation (4/31, 12.9%), and single epithelial cells enveloped by flattened myoepithelial cells (6/31, 19.4%). Of the ten cases of DCIS with known follow-up, four showed DCIS involving either SA or a complex SA on excision (4/10, 40%), four had only DCIS (4/10, 40%), one had DCIS with a small 1.8-mm focus of predominantly tubular carcinoma (1/10, 10%), and one showed invasive ductal carcinoma on excision (1/10, 10%). The latter case of invasive ductal carcinoma occurred in a patient who had a delay of 3 years from diagnosis to surgical resection. Of the eight cases of LN with surgical follow-up, seven had LCIS (7/8, 87.5%), and one showed only fibroadenoma and SA with no residual LN in the excised specimen (1/8, 12.5%). Importantly, no invasive carcinoma was identified in any of the resections for LN involving SA. CONCLUSIONS: In our series of carcinoma in situ (CIS) involving sclerosing adenosis diagnosed on core biopsy, lobular lesions involving SA were more common than ductal lesions. Ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ involving adenosis were best diagnosed by the low-power appearance of a lobulocentric pattern of growth. The most helpful diagnostic feature was the observation of additional foci of carcinoma in situ away from the adenosis. Immunohistochemical stains for myoepithelial cells were useful in particularly difficult cases. The presence of stromal desmoplasia does not preclude the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ involving adenosis. Knowledge of these diagnostic pearls can reduce over-interpretation of CIS on core biopsy and subsequent overtreatment

Impact of Surgical Lights on the Performance of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Systems: A Pilot Study

Fluorescence-guided surgery can aid in the intraoperative visualization of target tissues, with promising applications in human and veterinary surgical oncology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of two fluoresce camera systems, IC-FlowTM and VisionsenseTM VS3 Iridum, for the detection of two non-targeted (ICG and IRDye-800) and two targeted fluorophores (AngiostampTM and FAP-Cyan) under different room light conditions, including ambient light, new generation LED, and halogen artificial light sources, which are commonly used in operating theaters. Six dilutions of the fluorophores were imaged in phantom kits using the two camera systems. The limit of detection (LOD) and mean signal-to-background ratio (mSBR) were determined. The highest values of mSBR and a lower LOD were obtained in dark conditions for both systems. Under room lights, the capabilities decreased, but the mSBR remained greater than 3 (=clearly detectable signal). LOD and mSBR worsened under surgical lights for both camera systems, with a greater impact from halogen bulbs on VisionsenseTM VS3 Iridium and of the LED lights on IC-Flow due to a contribution of these lights in the near-infrared spectrum. When considering implementing FGS into the clinical routine, surgeons should cautiously evaluate the spectral contribution of the lights in the operating theater

Topological mass generation and 2−2-forms

In this work we revisit the topological mass generation of 2-forms and establish a connection to the unique derivative coupling arising in the quartic Lagrangian of the systematic construction of massive $2-$form interactions, relating in this way BF theories to Galileon-like theories of 2-forms. In terms of a massless $1-$form $A$ and a massless $2-$form $B$, the topological term manifests itself as the interaction $B\wedge F$, where $F = {\rm d} A$ is the field strength of the $1-$form. Such an interaction leads to a mechanism of generation of mass, usually referred to as "topological generation of mass" in which the single degree of freedom propagated by the $2-$form is absorbed by the $1-$form, generating a massive mode for the $1-$form. Using the systematical construction in terms of the Levi-Civita tensor, it was shown that, apart from the quadratic and quartic Lagrangians, Galileon-like derivative self-interactions for the massive 2-form do not exist. A unique quartic Lagrangian $\epsilon^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\epsilon^{\alpha\beta\gamma}_{\;\;\;\;\;\;\sigma}\partial_{\mu}B_{\alpha\rho}\partial_{\nu}B_{\beta\gamma}$ arises in this construction in a way that it corresponds to a total derivative on its own but ceases to be so once an overall general function is introduced. We show that it exactly corresponds to the same interaction of topological mass generation. Based on the decoupling limit analysis of the interactions, we bring out supporting arguments for the uniqueness of such a topological mass term and absence of the Galileon-like interactions. Finally, we discuss some preliminary applications in cosmology.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, journal versio

Small molecule STING inhibition improves myocardial infarction remodeling

Aims: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major global cause of death. Massive cell death leads to inflammation, which is necessary for ensuing wound healing. Extensive inflammation, however, promotes infarct expansion and adverse remodeling. The DNA sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and its downstream signaling effector stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) is central in innate immune reactions in infections or autoimmunity. Cytosolic double-strand DNA activates the pathway and down-stream inflammatory responses. Recent papers demonstrated that this pathway is also active following MI and that its genetic targeting improves outcome. Thus, we investigated if pharmacologic pathway inhibition is protective after MI in order to test its translational potential. Main methods: We investigated novel and selective small-molecule STING inhibitors that inhibit STING palmitoylation and multimerization and thereby downstream pathway activation in a preclinical murine MI model. We assessed structural and functional cardiac remodeling, infarct expansion and fibrosis, as well as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the expression of inflammatory genes. Key findings: Pharmacologic STING inhibition did not reduce mortality due to myocardial rupture in non-reperfused MI. Infarct size at day one was comparable. However, three weeks of pharmacologic STING inhibition after reperfused MI decreased infarct expansion and scarring, increased left ventricular systolic function to levels approaching normal values, and reduced myocardial hypertrophy. Significance: Selective small-molecule STING inhibition after myocardial infarction has the potential to improve wound healing responses and pathological remodeling and thereby attenuate the development of ischemic heart failure

Nanoferroelectric perovskite oxides with unusual morphology produced by different synthesis procedures

We report in the present paper some original results of a joint research performed in the framework of the COST Action 539 ELENA. In search of higher miniaturisation of electroceramic devices a new outlook seems to arise from ceramics with unusual morphology that might present a new kind of circular or toroidal ferroelectric ordering of dipoles. Completely new perspectives in data storage can be expected if a close control of size confinement and dimensionality as well as of the chemical composition and the phase purity is reached. We succeeded in the fabrication of BaTiO3 hollow nanoparticles and nanowires, and Bi4Ti3O12 platelets. The use of soft chemistry and solid state methods allowed to produce coreshell powders and ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composites with completely new functional properties

[Ge₂]⁴⁻Dumbbells with Very Short Ge−Ge Distances in the Zintl Phase Li₃NaGe₂: A Solid-State Equivalent to Molecular O₂

The novel ternary Zintl phase Li3NaGe2 comprises alkali-metal cations and [Ge2]4− dumbbells. The diatomic [Ge2]4− unit is characterized by the shortest Ge−Ge distance (2.390(1) Å) ever observed in a Zintl phase and thus represents the first Ge=Ge double bond under such conditions, as also suggested by the (8−N) rule. Raman measurements support these findings. The multiple-bond character is confirmed by electronic-structure calculations, and an upfield 6Li NMR shift of −10.0 ppm, which was assigned to the Li cations surrounded by the π systems of three Ge dumbbells, further underlines this interpretation. For the unperturbed, ligand-free dumbbell in Li3NaGe2, the π- bonding py and pz orbitals are degenerate as in molecular oxygen, which has singly occupied orbitals. The partially filled π-type bands of the neat solid Li3NaGe2 cross the Fermi level, resulting in metallic properties. Li3NaGe2 was synthesized from the elements as well as from binary reactants and subsequently characterized crystallographically.O.P. acknowledges support from a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship. L.M.S. is further grateful to the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes for her fellowships. A.J.K. gratefully acknowledges funding from the Alfred Kordelin Foundation and computational resources from CSC – the Finnish IT Center for Science.This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ange.201508044/abstract

Performance of two clinical fluorescence imaging systems with different targeted and non-targeted near-infrared fluorophores: a cadaveric explorative study

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-guided surgery is increasingly utilized in humans and pets. As clinical imaging systems are optimized for Indocyanine green (ICG) detection, the usage of targeted dyes necessitates the validation of these systems for each dye. We investigated the impact of skin pigmentation and tissue overlay on the sensitivity of two NIR cameras (IC-FlowTM, VisionsenseTM VS3 Iridum) for the detection of non-targeted (ICG, IRDye800) and targeted (AngiostampTM, FAP-Cyan) NIR fluorophores in an ex vivo big animal model

de Sitter Galileon

We generalize the Galileon symmetry and its relativistic extension to a de Sitter background. This is made possible by studying a probe-brane in a flat five-dimensional bulk using a de Sitter slicing. The generalized Lovelock invariants induced on the probe brane enjoy the induced Poincar\'e symmetry inherited from the bulk, while living on a de Sitter geometry. The non-relativistic limit of these invariants naturally maintain a generalized Galileon symmetry around de Sitter while being free of ghost-like pathologies. We comment briefly on the cosmology of these models and the extension to the AdS symmetry as well as generic FRW backgrounds