14 research outputs found
Individual in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase in lymphocytes of broiler chickens
The contamination of consumer food and animal feed with toxigenic fungi has resulted in economic losses worldwide in animal industries. Mycotoxins are highly biologically reactive secondary metabolites and can inhibit protein synthesis and cell multiplication. Considering the cytotoxicity of mycotoxins, this experiment was performed to determine the in vitro influence of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes of broiler chickens at different concentrations. This study has also evaluated whether the presence of these mycotoxins changes the acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes, which is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Blood lymphocytes of broiler chickens were isolated through density gradient centrifugation and incubated with the respective mycotoxins at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Lipid peroxidation, which was evaluated through the amount of malondialdehyde measured in a thiobarbituric acid-reactive species test, and the enzymatic activity were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Results of the lipid peroxidation evaluation showed an increasing cytotoxicity relation: ochratoxin A > deoxynivalenol > zearalenone. Conversely, cytotoxicity was valued as zearalenone > deoxynivalenol > ochratoxin A in relation to the acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. At a concentration of 1 μg/mL, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol induced the highest cellular oxidative stress levels and the highest enzymatic activity at the majority of time points. However, the same mycotoxins, except at 1 μg/mL concentration, induced a reduction of lymphocytic lipid peroxidation 72 h after incubation, suggesting the action of a compensatory mechanism in these cells
Impact of Job-Related Well-Being on the Relationship of Self-Efficacy With Burnout
Abstract The levels of job-related affective well-being and occupational self-efficacy may act as protective factors against the development of burnout. Therefore, this study investigated the role of positive and negative affect as a mediator in the relations between occupational self-efficacy and the dimensions of burnout. The research participants were 584 professionals (87% female), mean age 37.8 (SD= 10.8). The results of the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the relations of occupational self-efficacy with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were completely mediated by positive and negative affect. The relation between occupational self-efficacy and personal accomplishment was partially mediated by positive affect. Occupational self-efficacy was positively associated to positive affect and negatively related to negative affect. This study adds by showing the importance of developing interventions that promote the experience of positive affect and reduction of negative affect in occupational settings as a preventive strategy of burnout
Efeitos de micotoxinas sobre o sistema imunológico de frangos de corte
Aves domésticas são um dos principais alvos da contaminação alimentar com micotoxinas. O que contribui para o aumento dos prejuízos da indústria avícola devido a problemas como: alta mortalidade, redução do ganho de peso, alteração da conversão alimentar, imunossupressão, anormalidades embrionárias e morte embrionária precoce. Além disso, o acúmulo residual de micotoxinas na carne é uma preocupação da Saúde Pública. Diversos métodos são utilizados para a avaliação da citotoxicidade induzida por agentes tóxicos, incluindo a inibição do crescimento celular, a avaliação da capacidade celular de sintetizar macromoléculas necessárias para a replicação e da capacidade desse agente tóxico para induzir a peroxidação lipídica. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos in vitro de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona sobre o sistema imunológico de frangos de corte, utilizando como parâmetros, a viabilidade celular, a atividade enzimática e o estresse oxidativo. Realizou-se cultivo primário de linfócitos das aves e o seu isolamento através da técnica de centrifugação por gradiente de densidade. Cada micotoxina foi adicionada ao meio celular, em uma confluência de 80%, em diferentes concentrações (0,001; 0,01; 0,1 e 1 μg/mL), analisando-se viabilidade celular, atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase e acetilcolinesterase por ensaios colorimétricos e peroxidação lipídica através dos níveis de malondialdeído mensurados pela técnica de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico. Todos esses parâmetros foram analisados em 24, 48 e 72 h, em triplicata e os resultados expressos como média e erro padrão da média, utilizando nível de significância P ocratoxina A> zearalenona; enquanto que na avaliação da atividade de acetilcolinesterase esta relação foi inversamente proporcional. Este é o primeiro estudo in vitro realizado com ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona sobre o cultivo primário de linfócitos de frangos de corte na avaliação desses parâmetros.Poultry is one of the main targets of food contamination with mycotoxins. This contributes to the increase in the poultry industry losses due to problems such as high mortality, reduced body weight gain, change in feed conversion, immunosuppression, embryonic abnormalities and early embryonic death. Furthermore, the residual accumulation of mycotoxins in the meat is a public health concern. Various methods are used to assess the cytotoxicity induced by toxic agents, including inhibition of cellular growth, the evaluation of cell ability to synthesize macromolecules necessary for replication and the ability of this toxic agent to induce lipid peroxidation. Thus, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on the immune system of broiler chickens using as parameters, cell viability, enzymatic activity and oxidative stress. It was realized a primary culture of lymphocytes of birds and their isolation through density gradient centrifugation technique. Each mycotoxin has been added to the cell medium, at 80% confluence, at different concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/ mL), analyzing cell viability, ecto-adenosine deaminase and acetylcholinesterase activity by colorimetric assays and lipid peroxidation through the malondialdehyde levels measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive species test. All these parameters were evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h, in triplicate and the results expressed as mean and standard error of the mean, using Pochratoxin A>zearalenone; while in the evaluation of acetylcholinesterase activity this relationship was inversely proportional. This is the first in vitro study performed with ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on the primary culture of broiler chicken lymphocytes evaluating these parameters
Caracterização de isolados do fungo Malassezia pachydermatis através do perfil enzimático
Malassezia spp. são fungos lipofílicos, reconhecidos há mais de cem anos como membros da microbiota cutânea normal humana, bem como agentes de doenças dermatológicas. Desde 1980, são relatados como causadores de infecções sistêmicas oportunistas. Estas leveduras são frequentemente encontradas em uma grande variedade de animais homeotérmicos, e sua ampla distribuição no meio ambiente agora está sendo explorada através de técnicas moleculares e bioquímicas. O enfoque deste estudo foi a espécie não lipido-dependente Malassezia pachydermatis, e a sua caracterização através do perfil enzimático pelo sistema Api-Zym®. Deste modo, utilizaram-se 30 amostras de M. pachydermatis isoladas de cães, com e sem sinais clínicos, identificadas pela técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). As amostras foram cultivadas em meio de Dixon modificado, incubadas a 37°C durante 48 horas, para posterior quantificação através de espectrofotometria. Um inóculo de 65 μl foi colocado em cada orifício do kit comercial de verificação enzimática e, após, incubado a 37ºC por 4 horas. Os resultados foram obtidos através da leitura visual e interpretação das titulações por escalas pré-determinadas, também foram avaliadas as reações através de “escaneamento” eletrônico. Todos os testes foram realizados em triplicata. Os resultados demonstraram a atividade de enzimas específicas pertencentes ao grupo das peptídeo hidrolases (100%), fosfohidrolases (98,3%) e éster hidrolases (91,6%), enquanto que as enzimas α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glicuronidase, α-manosidase e α-fucosidase caracterizaram 10% de todos os isolados. Além disso, não se comprovou a viabilidade do sistema utilizado no estudo para a caracterização enzimática da levedura.Malassezia spp. are lipophilic fungi, which have been recognised for over a century as members of the normal human cutaneous flora, and also as agents of certain skin diseases. In addition, since the 1980s, they have been reported as causing opportunistic systemic infections. These yeasts have frequently been found on a diverse range of other warm-blooded animals, and their wider distribution in nature is now being explored using molecular techniques. The focus of the present study was the species no lipid-dependent Malassezia pachydermatis, and its characterization through the enzymatic profile by the Api-Zym® system. Then 30 isolated samples of dogs had been used, with and without clinical signals, identified by the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The samples were cultivated into Dixon’s modified medium, incubated at 37°C during 48 hours, for posterior quantification through spectrophotometry. An inocula of 65 μl was placed in each microwell of the commercial kit of enzymatic verification and, after, it was incubated at 37ºC for 4h. The results were obtained through the visual reading and interpretation of the titulations by predetermined scales, it were also evaluated the reactions through electronic scanning. All the tests were performed in triplicate. The results demonstrated the activity of specific enzymes pertaining to the group of the peptide hydrolases (100%), phosphohydrolases (98,3%) and ester hydrolases (91,6%), while the enzymes α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-mannosidase and α-fucosidase characterized 10% off all the isolates. Moreover, it was not proven the viability of the system used in the study for the enzymatic characterization of the yeast
Caracterização de isolados do fungo Malassezia pachydermatis através do perfil enzimático
Malassezia spp. são fungos lipofílicos, reconhecidos há mais de cem anos como membros da microbiota cutânea normal humana, bem como agentes de doenças dermatológicas. Desde 1980, são relatados como causadores de infecções sistêmicas oportunistas. Estas leveduras são frequentemente encontradas em uma grande variedade de animais homeotérmicos, e sua ampla distribuição no meio ambiente agora está sendo explorada através de técnicas moleculares e bioquímicas. O enfoque deste estudo foi a espécie não lipido-dependente Malassezia pachydermatis, e a sua caracterização através do perfil enzimático pelo sistema Api-Zym®. Deste modo, utilizaram-se 30 amostras de M. pachydermatis isoladas de cães, com e sem sinais clínicos, identificadas pela técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). As amostras foram cultivadas em meio de Dixon modificado, incubadas a 37°C durante 48 horas, para posterior quantificação através de espectrofotometria. Um inóculo de 65 μl foi colocado em cada orifício do kit comercial de verificação enzimática e, após, incubado a 37ºC por 4 horas. Os resultados foram obtidos através da leitura visual e interpretação das titulações por escalas pré-determinadas, também foram avaliadas as reações através de “escaneamento” eletrônico. Todos os testes foram realizados em triplicata. Os resultados demonstraram a atividade de enzimas específicas pertencentes ao grupo das peptídeo hidrolases (100%), fosfohidrolases (98,3%) e éster hidrolases (91,6%), enquanto que as enzimas α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glicuronidase, α-manosidase e α-fucosidase caracterizaram 10% de todos os isolados. Além disso, não se comprovou a viabilidade do sistema utilizado no estudo para a caracterização enzimática da levedura.Malassezia spp. are lipophilic fungi, which have been recognised for over a century as members of the normal human cutaneous flora, and also as agents of certain skin diseases. In addition, since the 1980s, they have been reported as causing opportunistic systemic infections. These yeasts have frequently been found on a diverse range of other warm-blooded animals, and their wider distribution in nature is now being explored using molecular techniques. The focus of the present study was the species no lipid-dependent Malassezia pachydermatis, and its characterization through the enzymatic profile by the Api-Zym® system. Then 30 isolated samples of dogs had been used, with and without clinical signals, identified by the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The samples were cultivated into Dixon’s modified medium, incubated at 37°C during 48 hours, for posterior quantification through spectrophotometry. An inocula of 65 μl was placed in each microwell of the commercial kit of enzymatic verification and, after, it was incubated at 37ºC for 4h. The results were obtained through the visual reading and interpretation of the titulations by predetermined scales, it were also evaluated the reactions through electronic scanning. All the tests were performed in triplicate. The results demonstrated the activity of specific enzymes pertaining to the group of the peptide hydrolases (100%), phosphohydrolases (98,3%) and ester hydrolases (91,6%), while the enzymes α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-mannosidase and α-fucosidase characterized 10% off all the isolates. Moreover, it was not proven the viability of the system used in the study for the enzymatic characterization of the yeast
Individual in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase in lymphocytes of broiler chickens
The contamination of consumer food and animal feed with toxigenic fungi has resulted in economic losses worldwide in animal industries. Mycotoxins are highly biologically reactive secondary metabolites and can inhibit protein synthesis and cell multiplication. Considering the cytotoxicity of mycotoxins, this experiment was performed to determine the in vitro influence of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes of broiler chickens at different concentrations. This study has also evaluated whether the presence of these mycotoxins changes the acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes, which is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Blood lymphocytes of broiler chickens were isolated through density gradient centrifugation and incubated with the respective mycotoxins at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Lipid peroxidation, which was evaluated through the amount of malondialdehyde measured in a thiobarbituric acid-reactive species test, and the enzymatic activity were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Results of the lipid peroxidation evaluation showed an increasing cytotoxicity relation: ochratoxin A > deoxynivalenol > zearalenone. Conversely, cytotoxicity was valued as zearalenone > deoxynivalenol > ochratoxin A in relation to the acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. At a concentration of 1 μg/mL, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol induced the highest cellular oxidative stress levels and the highest enzymatic activity at the majority of time points. However, the same mycotoxins, except at 1 μg/mL concentration, induced a reduction of lymphocytic lipid peroxidation 72 h after incubation, suggesting the action of a compensatory mechanism in these cells
Efeitos in vitro de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona sobre a viabilidade celular e atividade de E-ADA em linfócitos de frangos de corte
Micotoxinas representam um vasto grupo de contaminantes químicos naturais originados a partir do metabolismo secundário de fungos filamentosos patogênicos. Elas são produzidas, principalmente, pelos gêneros Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus e Penicillium, os quais podem contaminar grãos e cereais, como trigo, milho e soja. Conforme sua natureza e níveis de concentração, micotoxinas podem induzir efeitos tóxicos em animais de produção e humanos. Um estudo in vitro foi realizado para avaliar a susceptibilidade das células linfocitárias de frangos de corte a diferentes concentrações de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona. Cada micotoxina foi adicionada ao meio celular em diferentes concentrações (0,001; 0,01; 0,1 e 1μg/mL). A viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase foram analisadas em 24, 48 e 72 horas através de ensaios colorimétricos. Para isso, foram utilizados 0,7x10(5) linfócitos/mL em meio RPMI 1640, suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino e 2,5 UI de penicilina/estreptomicina por mL, incubados em atmosfera de 5% de CO2 a 37 °C. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata e os resultados foram expressos como média e erro padrão da média. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que tanto ocratoxina A como deoxinivalenol induziram proliferação linfocitária e baixa atividade enzimática in vitro (P<0,05), enquanto zearalenona também induziu proliferação (P<0,05), mas nenhuma alteração na atividade enzimática (P>0,05). Foi possível correlacionar os dados referentes à viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase, sugerindo que, em concentrações mínimas, as micotoxinas testadas não estimularam a atividade da enzima, que possui ação pró-inflamatória e contribui para o processo de imunossupressão e, portanto, evitando um decréscimo na viabilidade celular. Este é o primeiro estudo feito com OCRA, DON e ZEA sobre linfócitos de frangos de corte em cultivos in vitro na avaliação desses parâmetros
Individual in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase in lymphocytes of broiler chickens
The contamination of consumer food and animal feed with toxigenic fungi has resulted in economic losses worldwide in animal industries. Mycotoxins are highly biologically reactive secondary metabolites and can inhibit protein synthesis and cell multiplication. Considering the cytotoxicity of mycotoxins, this experiment was performed to determine the in vitro influence of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes of broiler chickens at different concentrations. This study has also evaluated whether the presence of these mycotoxins changes the acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes, which is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Blood lymphocytes of broiler chickens were isolated through density gradient centrifugation and incubated with the respective mycotoxins at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Lipid peroxidation, which was evaluated through the amount of malondialdehyde measured in a thiobarbituric acid-reactive species test, and the enzymatic activity were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Results of the lipid peroxidation evaluation showed an increasing cytotoxicity relation: ochratoxin A > deoxynivalenol > zearalenone. Conversely, cytotoxicity was valued as zearalenone > deoxynivalenol > ochratoxin A in relation to the acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. At a concentration of 1 μg/mL, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol induced the highest cellular oxidative stress levels and the highest enzymatic activity at the majority of time points. However, the same mycotoxins, except at 1 μg/mL concentration, induced a reduction of lymphocytic lipid peroxidation 72 h after incubation, suggesting the action of a compensatory mechanism in these cells
In vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on cell viability and E-ADA activity in broiler chickens lymphocytes
Micotoxinas representam um vasto grupo de contaminantes químicos naturais originados a partir do metabolismo secundário de fungos filamentosos patogênicos. Elas são produzidas, principalmente, pelos gêneros Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus e Penicillium, os quais podem contaminar grãos e cereais, como trigo, milho e soja. Conforme sua natureza e níveis de concentração, micotoxinas podem induzir efeitos tóxicos em animais de produção e humanos. Um estudo in vitro foi realizado para avaliar a susceptibilidade das células linfocitárias de frangos de corte a diferentes concentrações de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona. Cada micotoxina foi adicionada ao meio celular em diferentes concentrações (0,001; 0,01; 0,1 e 1μg/mL). A viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase foram analisadas em 24, 48 e 72 horas através de ensaios colorimétricos. Para isso, foram utilizados 0,7x105 linfócitos/mL em meio RPMI 1640, suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino e 2,5 UI de penicilina/ estreptomicina por mL, incubados em atmosfera de 5% de CO2 a 37 °C. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata e os resultados foram expressos como média e erro padrão da média. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que tanto ocratoxina A como deoxinivalenol induziram proliferação linfocitária e baixa atividade enzimática in vitro (P0,05). Foi possível correlacionar os dados referentes à viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase, sugerindo que, em concentrações mínimas, as micotoxinas testadas não estimularam a atividade da enzima, que possui ação pró-inflamatória e contribui para o processo de imunossupressão e, portanto, evitando um decréscimo na viabilidade celular. Este é o primeiro estudo feito com OCRA, DON e ZEA sobre linfócitos de frangos de corte em cultivos in vitro na avaliação desses parâmetros.Mycotoxins are a group of chemically diverse naturally occurring substances resulting from the secondary metabolism of pathogenic filamentous fungi. They are produced mainly by the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium which can contaminate grains and cereals such as wheat, corn and soy. According to the nature and the concentration levels, mycotoxins can induce toxic effects in food-production animals and humans. An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of broiler chickens lymphocytes to different concentrations of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Each toxin was added to the cell medium at different concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1μg/mL). Cell viability and ecto-adenosine deaminase activity were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours by colorimetric assays. Thus, it were used 0.7x105 lymphocytes/mL in RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 2.5 IU of penicillin/streptomycin per mL, incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. All the experiments were carried out in triplicate and the results were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. The results showed that OTA and DON induced lymphocyte proliferation and reduced enzymatic activity in vitro (P0,05). It was possible to correlate the results about viability cell and ecto-adenosine deaminase activity, suggesting that, at minimal concentrations, the evaluated mycotoxins do not stimulated the enzymatic activity, which has proinflammatory action and contributes for the immunosuppression process, thus, avoiding a decrease on the viability cell. This is the first in vitro study conducted with OTA, DON and ZON in broiler chickens lymphocytes evaluating these parameters
In vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on cell viability and E-ADA activity in broiler chickens lymphocytes
Micotoxinas representam um vasto grupo de contaminantes químicos naturais originados a partir do metabolismo secundário de fungos filamentosos patogênicos. Elas são produzidas, principalmente, pelos gêneros Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus e Penicillium, os quais podem contaminar grãos e cereais, como trigo, milho e soja. Conforme sua natureza e níveis de concentração, micotoxinas podem induzir efeitos tóxicos em animais de produção e humanos. Um estudo in vitro foi realizado para avaliar a susceptibilidade das células linfocitárias de frangos de corte a diferentes concentrações de ocratoxina A, deoxinivalenol e zearalenona. Cada micotoxina foi adicionada ao meio celular em diferentes concentrações (0,001; 0,01; 0,1 e 1μg/mL). A viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase foram analisadas em 24, 48 e 72 horas através de ensaios colorimétricos. Para isso, foram utilizados 0,7x105 linfócitos/mL em meio RPMI 1640, suplementado com 10% de soro fetal bovino e 2,5 UI de penicilina/ estreptomicina por mL, incubados em atmosfera de 5% de CO2 a 37 °C. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata e os resultados foram expressos como média e erro padrão da média. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que tanto ocratoxina A como deoxinivalenol induziram proliferação linfocitária e baixa atividade enzimática in vitro (P0,05). Foi possível correlacionar os dados referentes à viabilidade celular e atividade de ecto-adenosina desaminase, sugerindo que, em concentrações mínimas, as micotoxinas testadas não estimularam a atividade da enzima, que possui ação pró-inflamatória e contribui para o processo de imunossupressão e, portanto, evitando um decréscimo na viabilidade celular. Este é o primeiro estudo feito com OCRA, DON e ZEA sobre linfócitos de frangos de corte em cultivos in vitro na avaliação desses parâmetros.Mycotoxins are a group of chemically diverse naturally occurring substances resulting from the secondary metabolism of pathogenic filamentous fungi. They are produced mainly by the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium which can contaminate grains and cereals such as wheat, corn and soy. According to the nature and the concentration levels, mycotoxins can induce toxic effects in food-production animals and humans. An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of broiler chickens lymphocytes to different concentrations of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Each toxin was added to the cell medium at different concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1μg/mL). Cell viability and ecto-adenosine deaminase activity were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours by colorimetric assays. Thus, it were used 0.7x105 lymphocytes/mL in RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 2.5 IU of penicillin/streptomycin per mL, incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. All the experiments were carried out in triplicate and the results were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. The results showed that OTA and DON induced lymphocyte proliferation and reduced enzymatic activity in vitro (P0,05). It was possible to correlate the results about viability cell and ecto-adenosine deaminase activity, suggesting that, at minimal concentrations, the evaluated mycotoxins do not stimulated the enzymatic activity, which has proinflammatory action and contributes for the immunosuppression process, thus, avoiding a decrease on the viability cell. This is the first in vitro study conducted with OTA, DON and ZON in broiler chickens lymphocytes evaluating these parameters