Uso do fogo na BR 230 entre os municípios de Pombal e Cajazeira – PB, Brasil

O uso do fogo é uma prática comum no meio rural, por ser uma técnica eficiente sob o ponto de vista dos produtores, no entanto está pratica quando usada de forma inadequada pode trazer prejuízos a biodiversidade local, como também promover o desgaste das rodovias acarretando prejuízos também aos cofres públicos, além de promover acidentes ocasionados pela pouca visibilidade provocada pela sua fumaça. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi diagnosticar o uso do fogo as margens da BR- 230, entre os municípios de Pombal e Cajazeiras, PB. Foi utilizado para o estudo das áreas queimadas as coordenadas obtidas por meio de equipamento de georeferenciamento (GPS - Global Positioning System, modelo – Garmin GPS Map 60 CS). Foram utilizados programas computacionais (Softwares) para processamento dos dados obtidos. O mapa de localização das áreas queimadas foi obtido por meio de visitas a campo com o auxílio do GPS. Durante a pesquisa foram detectados 31 focos de incêndios na área em estudo, totalizando uma área de 675055 m2 (6,75 km2). Os trechos Pombal-Sousa e Sousa-Cajazeiras comportam 30,7% dos pontos ou focos de incêndio na faixa marginal de domínio da BR 230. Quase que a totalidade dos focos de queimadas ao no trecho da BR 230, entre os municípios de Pombal e Cajazeiras – PB, ocorrem entre os meses de setembro e janeiro. Não são verificadas politicas de conscientização sob esses problemas de incêndios ao longo do trecho da BR 230 aos agricultores

Biometric genetics in Cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) II: estimates of genetic gains through selection indices

Low cowpea productivity (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the semi-arid region of Paraíba is due, among other factors, to poor-quality cultivars. This research tested biometric models intending to increase productivity of superior cultivars with the following objectives: i. Estimate genetic gains in production components; ii. Identify the selection index model providing the greatest gains through simultaneously selecting a set of variables, and iii. Select cultivars with higher productivity. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Agrifood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Eight cultivars and 13 variables were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were grouped using the Scott and Knott test. Genetic gains were estimated by correlated response, classic selection index, rank sum and index based on desired gains. Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. Among the methodologies used, the classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. These results allow concluding that Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã and Paulistinha cultivars should be selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semiarid region of Paraíba. Highlights: Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. The classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. Cultivars were selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semi-arid region of Paraíba.Low cowpea productivity (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the semi-arid region of Paraíba is due, among other factors, to poor-quality cultivars. This research tested biometric models intending to increase productivity of superior cultivars with the following objectives: i. Estimate genetic gains in production components; ii. Identify the selection index model providing the greatest gains through simultaneously selecting a set of variables, and iii. Select cultivars with higher productivity. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Agrifood Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande. Eight cultivars and 13 variables were evaluated. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were grouped using the Scott and Knott test. Genetic gains were estimated by correlated response, classic selection index, rank sum and index based on desired gains. Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. Among the methodologies used, the classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. These results allow concluding that Costela de vaca, BRS Marataoã and Paulistinha cultivars should be selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semiarid region of Paraíba. Highlights: Direct selection of the secondary pod yield component provides significant genetic gains in main grain yield. The classic selection index provided greater distribution of genetic gains for main grain yield and primary production components. Cultivars were selected for cultivation and commercial exploitation in the semi-arid region of Paraíba

Biometric genetics in cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) I: phenotypic and genotypic relations among production components

In the semi-arid region of Paraíba, cowpea has low productivity due to irregular rainfall and poor use of production technologies. An extensive study aimed at selecting more productive cultivars was conducted using biometric models. This first work had the following objectives: i. Quantify direct and indirect effects of primary and secondary components on grain production; ii. Identify variables with greater potential for cultivar selection in the semiarid region of Paraíba and iii. Determine the most appropriate selection strategies for the evaluated variables. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field. The influence of 6 primary and 6 secondary production components was evaluated on grain yield. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Genetic parameters, correlations and path analysis were estimated. Given the strong direct phenotypic and genotypic effects, pod yield results the most promising variable for higher grain yield selection. Direct and simultaneous selections are the most suitable strategies for the set of evaluated variables. However, further studies on selection indices are necessary to maximize genetic gains. Highlights Variables with greater potential were identified for the selection of superior cultivars of cowpea in the semiarid region of Paraíba. The pod yield variable (PP) seems promising for cultivar selection considering higher grain yield (GY).In the semi-arid region of Paraíba, cowpea has low productivity due to irregular rainfall and poor use of production technologies. An extensive study aimed at selecting more productive cultivars was conducted using biometric models. This first work had the following objectives: i. Quantify direct and indirect effects of primary and secondary components on grain production; ii. Identify variables with greater potential for cultivar selection in the semiarid region of Paraíba and iii. Determine the most appropriate selection strategies for the evaluated variables. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field. The influence of 6 primary and 6 secondary production components was evaluated on grain yield. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Genetic parameters, correlations and path analysis were estimated. Given the strong direct phenotypic and genotypic effects, pod yield results the most promising variable for higher grain yield selection. Direct and simultaneous selections are the most suitable strategies for the set of evaluated variables. However, further studies on selection indices are necessary to maximize genetic gains. Highlights Variables with greater potential were identified for the selection of superior cultivars of cowpea in the semiarid region of Paraíba. The pod yield variable (PP) seems promising for cultivar selection considering higher grain yield (GY)

Mixed modeling for fiber yield genetic selection in sugarcane

The current demand for clean and renewable energy has provoked considerable changes in the production system of agroindustrial companies. The generation of bioelectricity through the burning of sugarcane bagasse has considerably risen in the recent years. This work aimed to focus on the sugarcane genotypes selection for fiber productivity. The experiment was outlined in randomized blocks with four repetitions, and sixteen genotypes were evaluated. The evaluated traits  were: cane tons per hectare, sucrose tons per hectare, fiber tons per hectare, fiber content and apparent sucrose content. To the selection, the mixed linear models methodology was used. The heritability coefficients suggest a significant genetic gain and the harmonic means of relative performances of predicted genotypic values allowed the identification of stable genotypes related to the traits evaluated in four harvest cycles. Considering the current average demand of sugarcane agroindustry for varieties with fiber content between 12% and 17% and sucrose content near 13%, for energy generation and sugar production, the genotypes EECAC 06, EECAC 03, EECAC 04 and EECAC 07 are presented as commercial cultivation options. Highlights - Mixed models constitute an efficient tool for sugarcane selection focused onto fiber and sucrose production. - This methodology provides significant genetic gains based on predicted genetic values free from interaction with harvest cycles. - The evaluated genotypes present high fiber and sucrose productivity, genotypic adaptability and stability throughout harvest cycles, indicating longevity in the sugarcane crop.The current demand for clean and renewable energy has provoked considerable changes in the production system of agroindustrial companies. The generation of bioelectricity through the burning of sugarcane bagasse has considerably risen in the recent years. This work aimed to focus on the sugarcane genotypes selection for fiber productivity. The experiment was outlined in randomized blocks with four repetitions, and sixteen genotypes were evaluated. The evaluated traits  were: cane tons per hectare, sucrose tons per hectare, fiber tons per hectare, fiber content and apparent sucrose content. To the selection, the mixed linear models methodology was used. The heritability coefficients suggest a significant genetic gain and the harmonic means of relative performances of predicted genotypic values allowed the identification of stable genotypes related to the traits evaluated in four harvest cycles. Considering the current average demand of sugarcane agroindustry for varieties with fiber content between 12% and 17% and sucrose content near 13%, for energy generation and sugar production, the genotypes EECAC 06, EECAC 03, EECAC 04 and EECAC 07 are presented as commercial cultivation options. Highlights - Mixed models constitute an efficient tool for sugarcane selection focused onto fiber and sucrose production. - This methodology provides significant genetic gains based on predicted genetic values free from interaction with harvest cycles. - The evaluated genotypes present high fiber and sucrose productivity, genotypic adaptability and stability throughout harvest cycles, indicating longevity in the sugarcane crop

EMERGÊNCIA E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE PLÂNTULAS DE MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO SOB DOSES DE ESTERCO CAPRINO NO SUBSTRATO

Objetivou-se estudar ao emergência e o crescimento inicial de plantas de maracujazeiro amarelo sob diferentes doses de esterco caprino. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual da Paraíba- UEPB, Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha-PB, no período de 17 de junho a 07 de julho de 2014, em viveiro de produção de mudas com cobertura de tela de nylon tipo sombrite com 50% de luminosidade. O delineamento experimental foi em inteiramente casualizados, onde foram avaliados cinco doses de esterco caprino no substrato: 0,0 (testemunha); 20; 40; 60 e 80% volume do recipiente, com seis repetições e três plantas por repetição. As plantas foram conduzidas por 20 dias após a semeadura onde foram avaliadas quanto à percentagem e velocidade de emergência, altura, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas e matéria seca total. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste ‘F’, e nos casos de significância os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de regressão polinomial. O substrato contendo 50% de esterco caprino e 50% de solo promoveu a maior emergência, crescimento e acúmulo de biomassa nas plântulas de maracujazeiro amarelo. Doses de esterco caprino superiores a 50% do volume do substrato afetaram à emergência, o crescimento inicial e o acúmulo de biomassa das plântulas de maracujazeiro amarelo

Avaliação dos parâmetros genéticos da cana-de-açúcar submetida à adubação com silício e ao estresse hídrico / Assessment of the genetic parameters of sugarcane submitted to fertilization with silicon and water stress

A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de relevada importância econômica, sendo utilizada como matéria prima para diversos subprodutos que vão desde a indústria energética até a de alimentação. A demanda hídrica da cultura é de 1.500 a 2.500 mm água bem distribuídos ao longo de seu ciclo, em regiões onde a falta desse recurso é recorrente é necessário adotar-se estratégias para minimizar a perda de água pela planta. O uso de adubação silicatada tem sido vista como uma solução para a redução do estresse hídrico em algumas culturas, inclusive a cana-de-açúcar. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o desempenho de variedades comerciais de cana-de-açúcar sob diferentes doses de silício e níveis de água. O ensaio foi conduzido no Campus de Universidade Federal de Campina Grande- UFCG em Pombal-PB durante 90 dias, foi utilizado o esquema fatorial triplo com duas variedades (RB92579 e RB867515), dois níveis de água (50 % e 100 % da capacidade de água do solo) e doses de silicato de potássio (0,0 L, 3L e 4L de K2SiO3), três repetições e delineamento em blocos casualizados.  A aplicação foliar de silício, na forma de silicato de potássio, contribuiu para o desenvolvimento das plantas de cana-de-açúcar. Os tratamentos com 0L de K2SiO3 e 3L de K2SiO3 foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados. 

Resposta do milho à adição de níveis de fitomassa de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf e nitrogênio em latossolo vermelho

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resposta da cultura do milho à adição de níveis crescentes de fitomasssa de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. e níveis de nitrogênio. Este foi conduzido em condições de túnel plástico, no Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Área de Ciência do Solo, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus de Botucatu-UNESP, utilizou-se um solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, textura média, cultivado anteriormente com B. decumbens Stapf. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, constando os tratamentos de quatro níveis de fertilização nitrogenada (0, 50, 100 e 150 mg dm-3 de N na forma de Uréia) e quatro níveis de palhada de B. decumbens Stapf. (0, 5, 10 e 15 Mg ha-1 de fitomassa seca), totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. Adicinou-se litterbags (bolsas de nylon), no momento da instalação dos tratamentos com palhada de braquiária, para determinação da taxa de decomposição aos 70 dias após a emergência da cultura. As doses de N foram parceladas em três épocas, a saber: i) 1/3 na semeadura; ii) 1/3 no estádio de 4-5 folhas e; iii) 1/3 no estádio de 7-8 folhas totalmente expandidas. Um dia antes da adubação nitrogenada e uma semana após, foram realizadas leituras de clorofila com o Clorofilômetro SPAD-502. Aos 60 dias após a emergência (dae) das plântulas determinou-se a altura média de plantas, diâmetro basal do colmo, número de entrenós e diagnose foliar de nutrientes. Em seguida, coletou-se duas plantas por vaso para determinação da produção de fitomassa seca e teores de nutrientes na parte aérea, bem como a extração de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. As doses de N afetaram significativamente as leituras do clorofilômetro (IRC), a altura de plantas, diâmetro...The objective of this research was to evaluate corn response to increasing levels of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. straw and levels of nitrogen. This study was set at plastic tunnel conditions, at Recursos Naturais Departament - Soil Science Area, at Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus de Botucatu - UNESP. The soil used was a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico an Oxisoil medium texture, previous cultivated with B. decumbens Stapf.. The treatments were set as a complete randomized experiment, with five repetitions in a factorial pattern, and the treatments were: four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg dm-3) and four levels of B. decumbens straw (0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha-1). Litterbags containing B. decumbens straw were used to evaluate the decomposition rate at 70 days after corn emergence. Nitrogen was applied in three different times: i) 1/3 at planting; ii) 1/3 at 4-5 leaves stage; iii) 1/3 at 7-8 totally expanded leaves stage. Chlorophyll level was measured one day before and one week after nitrogen fertilize. At 60 days after emergence (dae) it was measured plants height, stalk basal diameter, internode numbers, and leaves were collected for foliar diagnosis analyses. At the same period two plants were collected for dry matter evaluation and for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S extraction. Nitrogen rates affected chlorophyll levels (IRC), plants height, stalk basal diameter, internode numbers, foliar diagnosis, dry matter production, and nutrients extraction. Nitrogen at 100 mg dm-3 provided... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Resposta da cultura da mamona à fertilização com lodo de esgoto

A utilização de resíduos urbanos na agricultura vem se tornando uma prática comum. Vários trabalhos realizados demonstram que a aplicação destes resíduos de forma adequada aumenta a produtividade das culturas e minimiza custos com fertilizantes inorgânicos. Foram realizados dois experimentos na FCA/UNESP - Botucatu, SP, em NITOSSOLO VERMELHO eutrófico, em campo e em túnel plástico. No ensaio em campo estudou-se o efeito de doses de lodo de esgoto (LE) de 0, 3, 6, 12 e 24 Mg ha-1 (base úmida) aplicados no sulco de semeadura e quatro populações de plantas (6.666, 10.000, 13.333 e 20.000 plantas ha-1), em esquema fatorial 5 x 4. Neste experimento foram avaliadas a produtividade de frutos e grãos de cachos primários e total, teor de óleo no primeiro cacho, produtividade de óleo de cachos primários e total e o teor de nutrientes nos grãos. Também se avaliou a altura média das plantas, porcentagem de grãos nos frutos e o estado nutricional por ocasião do florescimento. No ensaio em túnel plástico avaliou-se a aplicação de lodo de esgoto (LE) na superfície e incorporado em 25, 50, 75 e 100% ao volume de solo, durante o período de 50 dias de desenvolvimento da cultura, nas quantidades correspondentes a 5, 10, 20, 40 e 80 Mg ha-1, base úmida, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5. Aos 50 dias após a semeadura, as plantas de mamona foram colhidas para determinação da produção de fitomassa seca e acúmulo de macronutrientes pela parte aérea. Ambos experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso. As quantidades aplicadas de lodo de esgoto foram calculadas em função do conteúdo e disponibilidade do nitrogênio nestes. Para o experimento de campo, a produtividade da mamoneira atingiu 2741,70 e 1972,04 kg ha-1 de frutos e grãos, respectivamente, com 24 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto e, 3631,39 e 2629,39 kg ha-1 de frutos e grãos, respectivamente...The use of urban residue in agriculture has become a usual practice. Various works show that the use of this residue in the adequate way benefits the soil properties enlarges productivity and minimizes costs with inorganic fertilizers. Two experiments were made in FCA/UNESP - Botucatu, SP, in Nitossol Red eutrophic, in field and in plastic tunnel. In the experiment in the field, we have studied the effect of levels of sewage sludge (LE) of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 Mg ha-1 (umid basis) applied to the sowing, into the furrows and four populations of plants (6.666, 10.000, 13.333 and 20.000 plants ha-1), in factorial scheme 5 X 4. In this experiment were evaluated the productivity of fruits and grains of primary bunch and total, oil level in the first raceme, productivity of oil in primary bunch and total and the nutrient level in the seeds. Were also evaluated the height of the plants, the seed percentage in the fruits and the nutritional state at flowering time. In the experiment in the plastic tunnel were evaluated the application of sewage sludge (LE) in the surface and incorporated in 25, 50, 75 and 100% to the volume of soil for a period of 50 days of crop development in the corresponding amounts of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 Mg ha-1, humid base, in factorial scheme 5 X 5. In the 50th after the sowing the castor bean plants were picked for the determination of production of dry matter and macronutrients accumulation by the aerial part. Both experiments were conducted with the use of random blocks design. The amounts of sewage sludge used were calculated considering the content and nitrogen availability in them. In the experiment in the field, the castor bean plant productivity reached 2741,70 and 1972,04 kg ha-1 of fruits and grains with 240 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge and, 3631,39 and 2629,39 kg ha-1 of fruits and grains in the population of 20000 plants ha-1 , respectively. The oil production... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES