134 research outputs found
Microfinanzas verdes: el caso del Sistema Cresol en la regiĂłn Sur de Brasil
Climate change which until recently seemed a luxury for the microfinance sector, now appears to be crucial for the future of the sector. Due to their low adaptive capacity, the millions of MF clients worldwide happen to be the most vulnerable to a changing climate. Adapting previous analysis conducted in Nepal and Bangladesh by Agrawala and Maëlis (2010) to the Brazilian context, in this inductive qualitative study we aim to assess potential synergies between MF and CC actions and what strategies can be harnessed to better respond to CC vulnerabilities at client/MF level. To do so, we investigated the case of the second largest rural microcredit programme in Brazil, Sistema Cresol de Cooperativas de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária. Albeit important overlaps between Cresol's product envelope and CC strategies exist, there is still room to realise synergies to both mitigate a new potential source of risk to Cresol's portfolio and to increase clients' adaptive capacity
O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida e as Tecnologias de Microcrédito: Contribuições para uma Agenda de Pesquisa
The improvement and financial sustainability of the Minha Casa Minha Vida program are challenging issues. In this fashion, we analyze the potential sinergy between housing public policies and Minha Casa Minha Vida in particular and microfinance credit innovations. The analysis focused Entidades-modality inside PMCMV and was based on document´s research, primary data collection and interviews with bureaucrats and beneficiaries. aiming at examining the potential proximity to microcredit. The results pointed to obstacles that have to be circumvent in order to materialize synergies. In addition, there is room for a new research agend involving microfinance and housing public policies
Efeitos de mudanças regulatórias no microcrédito no desempenho nanceiro e social de cooperativas de crédito brasileiras
This study investigates whether the performance of credit unions that offer microcredit in Brazil was affected by the advent of Crescer – the National Microcredit Program. This research fills a gap in the literature because few papers investigate credit unions that work with microcredit and also the effects of governmental interventions related to microcredit operations. Studies of this type may help evaluate the impact of governmental interventions on the performance of the institutions that are directly or indirectly affected. Our results add to the debate about microcredit and about the inclusion of credit unions in this market. In particular, our evidence may influence the design of public policies and the strategies of microfinance institutions, which typically combine economic and social objectives. Based on the literature, we calculate fifteen indicators for each credit union, related to their financial and social performance. The inferences are based on the implementation of the difference in differences estimator using the advent of Crescer, in 2011, as the exogenous event of interest and including in the control group the credit unions that did not provide microcredit loans throughout the sample period. This research presents evidence that the volume of clients and microcredit operations performed by Brazilian credit unions was positively affected by regulatory changes that took place in 2011, consistently with the objectives of the governmental intervention. The evidence also suggests that the governmental intervention did not harm the financial sustainability of the credit unions. The main changes are: a substantial reduction of interest rates and transaction costs, the implementation of subsidies to participants in the program, and a push for public banks to enhance their supply of productive and oriented microcredit.Este estudo investiga se e como o desempenho nanceiro e social das cooperativas que ofertam microcrĂ©dito no Brasil foi afetado pelo advento do Crescer – Programa Nacional de MicrocrĂ©dito. A pesquisa preenche lacuna na literatura da área, uma vez que há poucos estudos sobre cooperativas que trabalham com microcrĂ©dito e tambĂ©m sobre os efeitos de intervenções governamentais na área de microcrĂ©dito. Pesquisas como esta podem auxiliar na avaliação do impacto de intervenções governamentais sobre o desempenho das instituições direta ou indiretamente afetadas. Os resultados do estudo acrescentam novos elementos ao debate sobre o mercado do microcrĂ©dito e sobre a inserção das cooperativas de crĂ©dito nesse mercado. Em particular, as evidĂŞncias aqui discutidas oferecem subsĂdio para o desenho de polĂticas pĂşblicas e para a de nição de estratĂ©gias de instituições de micro nanças, as quais tipicamente combinam objetivos econĂ´micos e sociais. Com base na literatura, foram calculados 15 indicadores para cada cooperativa, relacionados ao seu desempenho nanceiro e social. As inferĂŞncias baseiam-se na implementação do estimador de diferença em diferenças utilizando o advento do Crescer, em 2011, como o evento exĂłgeno de interesse, e incluindo, no grupo de controle, as cooperativas de crĂ©dito que nĂŁo forneceram emprĂ©stimos de microcrĂ©dito ao longo do perĂodo amostral. A pesquisa apresenta evidĂŞncias de que o volume de clientes e de operações de microcrĂ©dito realizadas pelas cooperativas de crĂ©dito brasileiras foi positivamente afetado por mudanças regulatĂłrias ocorridas em 2011, de forma compatĂvel com os objetivos da intervenção governamental. As evidĂŞncias tambĂ©m sugerem que a intervenção governamental enfocada nĂŁo comprometeu a sustentabilidade nanceira das cooperativas. As mudanças enfocadas sĂŁo: redução substancial das taxas de juros e custos de transação, implementação de subsĂdios aos participantes do programa e impulso para bancos pĂşblicos para aumentar sua oferta de microcrĂ©dito produtivo e orientado
Basic Income with Digital Community Currency: Digital Platforms for Public Policies Implementation During Pandemic Crisis
This short paper presents a research-in-progress that discusses how basic income policies can be implemented using digital currency platforms and the implications of this approach in the context of the pandemic. We analyze the case of Banco Mumbuca, a non-profit organization that uses a community currency on a digital payment platform, E-Dinheiro, to deliver the basic income program of the Brazilian town of Maricá. This city program became one of the largest in the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering both the amount of money transferred to municipal beneficiaries and the adoption rate of a community currency by citizens and the local commerce. We adopt the Design Science Research (DSR) approach to analyze the case, considering this implementation as two entangled sub-artifacts: the public policy and the digital community currency. These sub-artifacts will be analyzed from the perspective of the problems they intend to solve, the particular aspects of the designed solution, the evaluation of the solution by actors involved, and the discussion of the achieved outcomes. This study intends to contribute to the basic income discussion that emerged as a solution for economic recovery from the COVID-19, the strategies for scaling up community currencies, and the DSR as a strategy for producing impactful research in the ICT4D field
Microcrédito e impacto sobre a geração de renda: o caso do Banco Real
Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto de um programa de microcrĂ©dito produtivo orientado de uma instituição de microcrĂ©dito, ligada a um banco comercial, a partir de uma amostra de 20.628 clientes. Os casos de sucesso de programas de microcrĂ©dito estudados na literatura apontam a existĂŞncia de caracterĂsticas especĂficas, tais como: (a) o uso de grupo solidário, tambĂ©m chamando de aval solidário; (b) forte participação feminina; (c) foco em regiões pobres, e (d) presença de um agente de crĂ©dito. Identificou-se que a variável gĂŞnero feminino está associada ao aumento de renda do indivĂduo participante do programa. O valor mĂ©dio das vendas das mulheres cresceu cerca de 10% a cada tomada de crĂ©dito
Comunidade e reconhecimento nas relações econômicas
Poverty reduction requires social efforts in several fields, such as those related to public policies, income generation and mobilization of social resources. Building diagnostics and interventions aiming at poverty reduction also requires the collaboration of different knowledge on society, particularly on public administration, social psychology and finances. This research aims at investigating how the community contributes in its social, organizational and economical aspects for making feasible and impacting productive microcredit programs, with particular attention to consequences related to poverty reduction and social inclusion. Discussion groups, closed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with women living in a slum in Sao Paulo. Results indicate that, in order to use a productive microcredit, it is possible to consider the social capital as guarantee, but the ability to use it involves complex mediations between capital, relational fragility and struggle for recognition.A redução da pobreza exige esforços sociais em vários campos, e entre eles estĂŁo aqueles que se referem a polĂticas pĂşblicas, geração de renda e mobilização de (recursos) sociais. A construção de diagnĂłsticos e intervenções para a redução da pobreza exige, tambĂ©m, a colaboração de diferentes saberes sobre a sociedade, em especial gestĂŁo pĂşblica, psicologia social e finanças. A pesquisa aqui apresentada tem como objetivo investigar a contribuição da comunidade em seus aspetos sociais, organizativos e econĂ´micos, para viabilização e impacto de programas de microcrĂ©dito produtivo, com atenção especĂfica aos impactos relativos a redução da pobreza e inclusĂŁo social. Foram realizados grupos de discussĂŁo, entrevistas fechadas e entrevistas semidirigidas a mulheres moradoras de uma favela na cidade de SĂŁo Paulo. Os resultados indicam que, para utilizar o microcrĂ©dito produtivo, Ă© possĂvel considerar o capital social como garantia, mas a capacidade de sua utilização pelas pessoas envolve complexas mediações entre o capital, a fragilidade relacional e a luta por reconhecimento
Debris Flows Occurrence in the Semiarid Central Andes under Climate Change Scenario
This review paper compiles research related to debris flows and hyperconcentrated flows in the central Andes (30°–33° S), updating the knowledge of these phenomena in this semiarid region. Continuous records of these phenomena are lacking through the Andean region; intense precipitations, sudden snowmelt, increased temperatures on high relief mountain areas, and permafrost degradation are related to violent flow discharges. Documented catastrophic consequences related to these geoclimatic events highlight the need to improve their understanding in order to prepare the Andean communities for this latent danger. An amplified impact is expected not only due to environmental changes potentially linked to climate change but also due to rising exposure linked to urban expansion toward more susceptible or unstable areas. This review highlights as well the need for the implementation of preventive measures to reduce the negative impacts and vulnerability of the Andean communities in the global warming context.Fil: Moreiras, Stella Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: SepĂşlveda, Sergio A.. Universidad de Chile; Chile. Universidad de O’higgins; ChileFil: Correas Gonzalez, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Lauro, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Vergara Dal Pont, Iván Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino PatagĂłnico de TecnologĂas BiolĂłgicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino PatagĂłnico de TecnologĂas BiolĂłgicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Jeanneret, Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Junquera Torrado, Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Cuevas, Jaime G.. Universidad de La Serena; ChileFil: Maldonado, Antonio. Universidad de La Serena; ChileFil: Antinao, JosĂ© L.. Indiana University; Estados UnidosFil: Lara, Marisol. Universidad de Chile; Chil
Landslides associated with permafrost degradation: past and present geomorphological evidences in the Central Andes (31Âş-34Âşs)
Este trabajo presenta evidencias de la incidencia del ascenso de la temperatura en la degradaciĂłn o fusiĂłn del permafrost y su asociaciĂłn con descargas de flujos de detritos en la regiĂłn andina (30Âş-32ÂşS). Este resultado permite enfatizar la relaciĂłn entre los colapsos de laderas y la temperatura permitiendo vincular la inestabilidad de las laderas en los Andes Centrales a condiciones ambientales en el pasado. Numerosos deslizamientos han sido vinculados a periodos interglaciares con escasos registros paleoclimáticos locales. Estos resultados además ponen en evidencia la necesidad de abordar este tipo de estudios a fin de reducir la vulnerabilidad de las comunidades andinas y atender medidas preventivas que disminuyan el evidente riesgo asociado en el contexto del calentamiento global.This paper reveals evidences of permafrost degradation or fusion due to the temperature increase and its association with discharges of violent debris flow in the Central Andes region (30Âş-32ÂşS). This result emphasizes the relationship between slope collapses and temperature allowing to link the slopes instability in the Central Andes to paleo-environmental conditions. Several landslides have been linked to interglacial periods with few local paleoclimatic records. These results also highlight the need to undertake this type of studies in order to reduce the vulnerability of the Andean communities and implement preventive measures to reduce the evident associated risk in the context of global warming.Fil: Moreiras, Stella Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Jeanneret, Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Lauro, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Vergara Dal Pont, Iván Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino PatagĂłnico de TecnologĂas BiolĂłgicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino PatagĂłnico de TecnologĂas BiolĂłgicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Correas Gonzalez, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Junquera Torrado, Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin
In-Depth Analysis of Exoproteomes from Marine Bacteria by Shotgun Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: the Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 Case-Study
Microorganisms secrete into their extracellular environment numerous compounds that are required for their survival. Many of these compounds could be of great interest for biotechnology applications and their genes used in synthetic biology design. The secreted proteins and the components of the translocation systems themselves can be scrutinized in-depth by the most recent proteomic tools. While the secretomes of pathogens are well-documented, those of non-pathogens remain largely to be established. Here, we present the analysis of the exoproteome from the marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 grown in standard laboratory conditions. We used a shotgun approach consisting of trypsin digestion of the exoproteome, and identification of the resulting peptides by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Three different proteins that have domains homologous to those observed in RTX toxins were uncovered and were semi-quantified as the most abundantly secreted proteins. One of these proteins clearly stands out from the catalogue, representing over half of the total exoproteome. We also listed many soluble proteins related to ABC and TRAP transporters implied in the uptake of nutrients. The Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 case-study illustrates the power of the shotgun nano-LC-MS/MS strategy to decipher the exoproteome from marine bacteria and to contribute to environmental proteomics
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