The possibility of increasing the quantity of oxygenate s in fuel blends with no diesel engine modifications

Two fuel kinds of organic origin including rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and ethanol (E) were selected for their different physical-chemical parameters to study the maximum apt volume of oxygenates to mix fossil diesel (D) and establish expectancy to apply D–RME–E blend as a fuel for the unmodified high–speed diesel engine (a combustion chamber consists of a dished piston). The objective of the article is to provide an explicit relationship between the nature of fuel composition and diesel engine operating parameters. The results of the carried out tests on the engine oriented on dynamic and emission characteristics using various portions of the before mentioned bio-components in diesel fuel are presented. Engine behaviour seemed to be improved in the presence of ethanol additives in D–RME blend with a reduction in pollutant emissions in exhaust gases, fuel consumption, ameliorated cetane number, ignition delay time and physical-chemical characteristics of the investigated compounds. The positive and negative aspects of applying bio-based additives in fossil diesel are reported and discussed. First published online: 24 Jun 201

Research into three‐component biodiesel fuels combustion process using a single droplet technique

In order to reduce the engine emission while at same time improving engine efficiency, it is very important to clarify the combustion mechanism. Even if, there are many researches into investigating the mechanism of engine combustion, so that to clarify the relationship between complicated phenomena, it is very difficult to investigate due to the complicated process of both physical and chemical reaction from the start of fuel injection to the end of combustion event. The numerical simulations are based on a detailed vaporization model and detailed chemical kinetics. The influence of different physical parameters like droplet temperature, gas phase temperature, ambient gas pressure and droplet burning velocity on the ignition delay process is investigated using fuel droplet combustion stand. Experimental results about their influence on ignition delay time were presented. First Published Online: 27 Oct 201

Motor biofuel-powered CHP plants—a step towards sustainable development of rural Lithuania

This paper focuses on the benefits that can be attained from the correct option of small-scale combined heat and power plant (CHP) relative to fuel availability and sphere of application. The analysis serves as a means of highlighting some of the owners of large-scale farms as well as holders of industrial greenhouses that influence the penetration of small-scale cogeneration plants running on bio-based liquid fuels. The identification of the main influencing factors and their weight is the first step towards the implementation of a more coherent strategy, if the EC (European Commission) and national energy authorities wish for new small-scale cogeneration technologies to have a future in the context of sustainable development of rural Lithuania. Against this background, this paper aims at presenting the technical, environmental and economic aspects of the possibilities of utilizing biodiesel, biodiesel-conventional diesel blends and rapeseed oil in combined heat and power production as an issue for further discussions regarding the formative breakthrough attitude towards a possible path of country's sustainable development

Steep increases in biomass demand: the possibilities of short rotation coppice (SRC) agro-forestry

At current usage levels, short rotation coppice (SRC) biomass could be considered as an untapped resource. There is a worldwide interest to extend its sustainable production significantly in a decade to come. However, the cultivation of energy crops is very site-specific and the exploitation of SRC biomass is a relatively new trend in biomass application for heat and power production with little information on its cultivation patterns and appropriate combustion technologies. In fact, documented biomass conversion technologies’ impacts in the energy sector and their commercialisation are limited. This paper aims to present a summary of technical characteristics for different biomass conversion technologies. These characteristics are not necessarily unique to all types and possible modifications of the biomass conversion technologies applied for many countries. However, the lack of technical knowledge have created situations that were previously impossible to be solved without the aid of numerous research and development activities. The developers did not capture all of the economic benefits that the technology provides which would help to reach its technical accomplishment and commercial execution

Investigation of asphalt texture roughness on friction evolution for wheeled vehicles

Novelty of the research lies in understanding the safety advantages of asphalt made using advanced pavement design process – compact asphalt pavement installation. Variation of tyre–road friction coefficient for this type of pavement design is new and little-studied phenomenon. The present study focuses on the research into tyre–pavement interaction on dry asphalt pavement surfaces to quantify the effect of microprofile on vehicle performance in establishing its braking conditions. The data on a number of different indications (vehicle speed, adhesion coefficients calculated on the basis of braking and friction forces, maximum adhesion coefficient mmax and its ‘minimum’ value m100%) and measurement results generated using SRT-4 device for investigation of two road stretches at intervals of 100 m are presented in this paper. The interdependence analysis of statistical variables mmax and m100% has also been presented to exhibit the use of the method. Following statistical parameters are taken into account during random value analysis in order to assess the homogeneity of data: average value, dispersion, standard deviation, confidence interval around a sample mean, and correlation function. Finally, we provide a map between the adhesion coefficient and the longitudinal slip rate for stable and unstable braking conditions of a vehicle

Ecological estimation of using biodisel and his blends with mineral diesel

The were no modifications to the engine for testing the RME and his blends. To test demonstrated that these fuels are suitable alternatives to dieselfuel and futher testing is appropriare. Research proved that diesel engine fueled with RME is more ecological comparing to mineral dieselVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Vista of fueling diesel engine with fuel blends

In response to adverse environmental impacts from mass consumption of fossil petroleum fuels as well as international crude oil reserves being finite, most countries are attempting to find answers to meeting future demand for fuel for transport. Internationally there is growing acceptance that multi-component fuels, with its associated environmental benefits, will be the transport fuel of choise for the future. In the Australia there is already widespread use mineral diesel/alcohol/emulsifier blend, while in many other countries such blends are being introduced. Exhaust emmisions from diesel engines are a major contributor to air pollution in urban centres in both developed and developing countries. The negative impact of diesel engine exhaust emisions on air quality and humasn health are now widely recognised. Internationally there is considerable potential for both short and long term applications of the multi-component fuel technology. This is in large part due to multi-component fuel being compatible with the existing fuel/vehicle infrastructure. Existing unmodified diesel engined vehicles can use multi-componenet fuel interchangeably with diesel fuelVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

On-farm evaluation of ethanol additive to diesel/RME blends effect on tractors fuel consumption and NOx emission

Numerio antraštė: Biosystems engineering and processes in agriculture : 25-26 September, 2008, [Raudondvaris]The benefits of burning an ethanol/RME/diesel blend in a diesel engine primarily include lower emissions and the use of a renewable bio-based product. On-farm tests show us, that 5 % ethanol additive to 30%MD+70%MD fuel increased NOx emission in 1.0–2.1 %, decreasing comparative fuel consumption in 2.0–3.0 %Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

New technological processes and investigation methods for agricultural engineering : proceedings of the international conference, 8-9 september 2005

Economy of engine operation depends on combustion quality of fuel. When engine degree of compression is increrased, conditions for mixture preparation in cilinders are improved. Due to that, CO and CnHm are reduced in combustion products, specially when engine workload is not high. However, increase of compression degree results in increase of burning temperature as well as the amount of NOx in combustion products. The range of diesel engine workload and velocity is wide in operating conditions. Air surplus coefficient is very uneven (approximatelly it is about 1,3-5,0). It looks like air is enough for fuel to be burnt completely. However, the amount of CO and CnHm in combustion products does not depend on mixture composition, but it is of a local character - air deficitis felt in flame front and near the walls of a combustion chamber. Due to this reason the this component was introduced into the analysed fuel - dehidrated ethanol. It ensures a larger amount of oxygen during burning process. The research made proved, that emission of combustion products and minutely changed performance allow considering this fuel to be a serious alternative to fuel of mineral natureVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Agro-biomass-to-energy systems in transition economies: cases of Ukraine and Lithuania

Economies in transition (EiTs) (e. g. Ukraine (UA), Belarus, Lithuania (LU), Moldova, etc.) face broad needs for energy security enhancement, energy diversification, revitalisation of agriculture and improvements in the state of the environment. Development of national bioenergy potentials can contribute to delivering solutions to these problems. However, EiTs face technical, political, financial, and capacity-based constraints in their transition to bioenergy. This work focuses on bioenergy from agricultural waste in UA and LU as an early emergent area. It applies country based case study analysis and cross-case comparison of straw-to-energy realities in UA and LU. Analysis identifies and describes crucial factors hindering and facilitating the development of agro-bioenergy sectors in the two countries. The outcomes of the paper are principally transferable to other EiTs