Brachiocephalic trunk anomalies and variations

Knowledge of anatomical anomalies and variations on the brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) are important in medical practice, mainly for the interpretation of diagnostic images, in surgical procedures of thorax and neck, and may also be of high risk for life. We studied 50 fetuses, of both genders, between 12 and 21 weeks of gestation and described the variations we found according they happened at the origin, the position or the branching of the brachiocephalic trunk.www.anatclinar.com.arFil: Biasutto, Susana Norma. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto y Cátedra de Anatomía Normal; Argentina.Fil: Cecenarro, Rodolfo Raúl. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Anatomía Normal; Argentina.Fil: Álvarez, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Anatomía Normal; Argentina.Fil: De la Rosa, Matías. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Anatomía Normal; Argentina.Fil: Bortolin, Paulina Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Anatomía Normal; Argentina.Fil: Ceccon, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Cátedra de Anatomía Normal; Argentina.Sistemas Cardíaco y Cardiovascula

Inhibición de lipasa pancreática por flavonoides: importancia del doble enlace C2=C3 y la estructura plana del anillo C//Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by flavonoids: relevance of the C2=C3 double bond and C-ring planarity

Lipasa pancreática es una enzima clave en el metabolismo de lípidos. Los flavonoides son compuestos bioactivos de gran relevancia debido a sus interacciones con enzimas digestivas. Se evaluó la actividad de lipasa pancreática en presencia de flavonoides. Mediante espectroscopía UVVisible se determinó que el mejor inhibidor fue quercetina, seguido de rutina > luteolina > catequina > hesperetina, con valores de IC50 de 10.30, 13.50, 14.70, 28.50 y 30.50 μM, respectivamente. Todos los flavonoides mostraron una inhibición mixta, excepto catequina que mostró una inhibición acompetitiva. La capacidad inhibitoria de los flavonoides se relacionó con propiedades estructurales compartidas entre los distintos flavonoides, como la hidroxilación en las posiciones C5, C7 (anillo A), C2’ y C3’ (anillo B), y el doble enlace entre C2 y C3 (anillo C). Los resultados de inhibición coincidieron con el análisis de la fluorescencia extrínseca. Los estudios de docking molecular indicaron que la interacción entre lipasa pancreática y los flavonoides fue principalmente mediante interacciones hidrofóbicas (pi-stacking). Las interacciones de todos los flavonoides, excepto rutina, se dieron en el mismo sitio (subsitio 1) de la enzima. La insaturación entre C2 y C3 fue determinante para el acomodo de los flavonoides con la enzima, principalmente por interacciones de pi-stacking.ABSTRACTPancreatic lipase is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism. Flavonoids are bioactive compounds obtained from vegetables with big relevance, due to their intrinsic interaction with digestive enzymes. Pancreatic lipase activity was evaluated in the presence of flavonoids, through UV-Vis spectroscopy. All tested flavonoids showed a mixed-type inhibition, except catechin, which showed a uncompetitive inhibition. The best inhibitor was quercetin followed by rutin > luteolin > catechin > hesperetin, with IC50 values of 10.30, 13.50, 14.70, 28.50 and 30.50 μM, respectively. The flavonoids inhibitory capacity was related to structural properties shared between the different flavonoids, such as the hydroxylation at C5, C7 (ring A), C2’ and C3’ (ring B), and the double bond between C2 and C3 (ring C). The inhibition results are in agreement with the extrinsic fluorescence analysis. Molecular docking studies indicated that the interaction between pancreatic lipase and flavonoids was mainly through hydrophobic interactions (pi-stacking). The interactions of all flavonoids, except rutin, occurred at the same enzyme site (subsite 1). Instauration between C2 and C3 was decisive for the arrangement of flavonoids with the enzyme, mainly due to pi-stacking interactions

In vitro Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase by Polyphenols: A Kinetic, Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Molecular Docking Study

Svrha je ovog istraživanja bila ispitati molekulsko uklapanje i inhibicijski učinak četiri fenolna spoja pronađena u ljutim papričicama, i to: kavene kiseline, p-kumarne kiseline, kvercetina i kapsaicina, na aktivnost lipaze izolirane iz svinjske gušterače. Najjači inhibicijski učinak imao je kvercetin (IC50=(6.1±2.4) μM), zatim p-kumarna (170.2±20.6) μM) i kavena kiselina (401.5±32.1) μM), dok su kapsaicin i ekstrakt ljute papričice imali iznimno slab učinak. Svi polifenolni spojevi imali su inhibicijski učinak miješanog tipa. Mjerenjem fluorescencije utvrđeno je da su polifenolni spojevi ugasili prirođenu fluorescenciju lipaze izolirane iz gušterače, i to pomoću statičkog mehanizma. Sekvencija Stern-Volmerove konstante bila je: kvercetin, kavena kiselina, te p-kumarna kiselina. Rezultati ispitivanja molekulskih uklapanja pokazali su da se kavena kiselina, kvercetin i p-kumarna kiselina vežu blizu, za razliku od kapsaicina koji se veže daleko od aktivnog mjesta. Vodikove veze i hidrofobne pi-interakcije glavni su načini međusobnog povezivanja polifenolnih spojeva u lipazi izoliranoj iz gušterače.The inhibitory activity and binding characteristics of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin and capsaicin, four phenolic compounds found in hot pepper, against porcine pancreatic lipase activity were studied and compared to hot pepper extract. Quercetin was the strongest inhibitor (IC50=(6.1±2.4) μM), followed by p-coumaric acid ((170.2±20.6) μM) and caffeic acid ((401.5±32.1) μM), while capsaicin and a hot pepper extract had very low inhibitory activity. All polyphenolic compounds showed a mixed-type inhibition. Fluorescence spectroscopy studies showed that polyphenolic compounds had the ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of pancreatic lipase by a static mechanism. The sequence of Stern-Volmer constant was quercetin, followed by caffeic and p-coumaric acids. Molecular docking studies showed that caffeic acid, quercetin and p-coumaric acid bound near the active site, while capsaicin bound far away from the active site. Hydrogen bonds and π-stacking hydrophobic interactions are the main pancreatic lipase-polyphenolic compound interactions observed

BAYESIAN PREDICTION METHOD FOR SHADOW DETECTION AND RECONSTRUCTION IN HSR IMAGES USING MORPHOLOGICAL FILTER

Several approaches are exists today according to color, intensity and saturation value etc that are very less accurate. Within this paper, we advise alternative shadow recognition formula according to thresholding and morphological filtering, along with an alternate shadow renovation formula in line with the example learning method and Markov random field (MRF). The primary purpose of this project is recognition and renovation of shadows from VHSR images. Removing or alleviating the instants while using shadows in HSR images for more processing is an extremely important task because the shadows are induce to loss or miss conjecture of radiometric information and induce to image interpretation. Throughout the shadow recognition procedure, the bimodal distributions of pixel values within the near-infrared (NIR) band and also the panchromatic band are adopted for thresholding. Throughout the shadow renovation procedure, we model the connection between non shadow and also the corresponding shadow pixels and between neighboring no shadow pixels by using MRF. With extension for this paper we advise Bayesian conjecture way of accurate conjecture of shadow. Within this paper for accurate shadow recognition we combine thresholding and morphological filtering concepts. This shadow recognition includes Thresholding, Morphological filtering and edge compensation stages

Phosphorylation disrupts long-distance electron transport in cytochrome c

It has been recently shown that electron transfer between mitochondrial cytochrome c and the cytochrome c1 subunit of the cytochrome bc1 can proceed at long-distance through the aqueous solution. Cytochrome c is thought to adjust its activity by changing the affinity for its partners via Tyr48 phosphorylation, but it is unknown how it impacts the nanoscopic environment, interaction forces, and long-range electron transfer. Here, we constrain the orientation and separation between cytochrome c1 and cytochrome c or the phosphomimetic Y48pCMF cytochrome c, and deploy an array of single-molecule, bulk, and computational methods to investigate the molecular mechanism of electron transfer regulation by cytochrome c phosphorylation. We demonstrate that phosphorylation impairs long-range electron transfer, shortens the long-distance charge conduit between the partners, strengthens their interaction, and departs it from equilibrium. These results unveil a nanoscopic view of the interaction between redox protein partners in electron transport chains and its mechanisms of regulation

Consenso de inmunizaciones en adultos con enfermedades reumáticas inflamatorias crónicas autoinmunes

Aumento del riesgo de infecciones prevenibles y sus complicaciones en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas inflamatorias crónicas (ERICA), con y sin tratamiento con inmunosupresores (IS), y beneficios de la vacunación

Effect of a nutritional intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet on environmental impact

[EN]To estimate the environmental impact of a dietary intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) after one year of follow-up. Methods Baseline and 1-year follow-up data were used for 5800 participants aged 55–75 years with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study. Food intake was estimated through a validated semiquantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the MedDiet was estimated through the Diet Score. Using the EAT-Lancet Commission tables we assessed the influence of dietary intake on environmental impact (through five indicators: greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication). Using multivariable linear regression models, the association between the intervention and changes in each of the environmental factors was assessed. Mediation analyses were carried out to estimate to what extent changes in each of 2 components of the intervention, namely adherence to the MedDiet and caloric reduction, were responsible for the observed reductions in environmental impact. Results We observed a significant reduction in the intervention group compared to the control group in acidification levels (−13.3 vs. -9.9 g SO2-eq), eutrophication (−5.4 vs. -4.0 g PO4-eq) and land use (−2.7 vs. -1.8 m2). Adherence to the MedDiet partially mediated the association between intervention and reduction of acidification by 15 %, eutrophication by 10 % and land use by 10 %. Caloric reduction partially mediated the association with the same factors by 55 %, 51 % and 38 % respectively. In addition, adherence to the MedDiet fully mediated the association between intervention and reduction in GHG emissions by 56 % and energy use by 53 %.SIPublicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Obstetric outcomes of sars-cov-2 infection in asymptomatic pregnant women

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Around two percent of asymptomatic women in labor test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain. Families and care providers face childbirth with uncertainty. We determined if SARS-CoV-2 infection at delivery among asymptomatic mothers had different obstetric outcomes compared to negative patients. This was a multicenter prospective study based on universal antenatal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 42 hospitals tested women admitted for delivery using polymerase chain reaction, from March to May 2020. We included positive mothers and a sample of negative mothers asymptomatic throughout the antenatal period, with 6-week postpartum follow-up. Association between SARS-CoV-2 and obstetric outcomes was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. In total, 174 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies were compared with 430 asymptomatic negative pregnancies. No differences were observed between both groups in key maternal and neonatal outcomes at delivery and follow-up, with the exception of prelabor rupture of membranes at term (adjusted odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.13-3.11; p = 0.015). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers have higher odds of prelabor rupture of membranes at term, without an increase in perinatal complications, compared to negative mothers. Pregnant women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at admission for delivery should be reassured by their healthcare workers in the absence of symptoms