Alterations in T1 of normal and reperfused infarcted myocardium after Gd-BOPTA versus GD-DTPA on inversion recovery EPI.

This study tested whether Gd-BOPTA/Dimeg or Gd-DTPA exerts greater relaxation enhancement for blood and reperfused infarcted myocardium. Relaxivity of Gd-BOPTA is increased by weak binding to serum albumin. Thirty-six rats were subjected to reperfused infarction before contrast (doses = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mmol/kg). delta R1 was repeatedly measured over 30 min. Gd-BOPTA caused greater delta R1 for blood and myocardium than did Gd-DTPA; clearance of both agents from normal- and infarcted myocardium was similar to blood clearance; plots of delta R1 myocardium/delta R1 blood showed equilibrium phase contrast distribution. Fractional contrast agent distribution volumes were approximately 0.24 for both agents in normal myocardium, 0.98 and 1.6 for Gd-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA, respectively, in reperfused infarction. The high value for Gd-BOPTPA was ascribed to greater relaxivity in infarction versus blood. It was concluded that Gd-BOPTA/Dimeg causes a greater delta R1 than Gd-DTPA in regions which contain serum albumin

Maallikkohypnoosiin liittynyt akuutti skitsofreenistyyppinen psykoosi

Vaik­ka hyp­noosia pi­detään var­sin haitat­to­mana hoito­muo­tona, kirjal­li­suu­dessa on ku­vattu sen varo­mat­tomaan käyt­töön liitty­neitä kompli­kaa­tioita, ku­ten disso­sia­tii­visia ja lyhyt­kes­toisia psy­koot­tisia ti­loja. Yli 50-vuotiaan aiem­min ter­veen ja työelä­mässä menes­tyneen nai­sen akuutti skit­sof­ree­nis­tyyp­pinen ­psy­koot­tinen häi­riö al­koi varo­mat­to­masti käy­tetyn maallik­ko­hyp­noosin yhtey­dessä. Po­tilas ko­keili sel­laista ensim­mäistä ker­taa, ja hä­nen koke­mansa hallu­si­naatiot ja harha­luulot liit­tyivät yksi­nomaan hyp­noosiin. Po­tilaan oi­reistoon liit­tyi vaaral­lisia piir­teitä, ku­ten har­haääniä, jot­ka kehot­tivat hän­tä riski­käyt­täy­ty­miseen liiken­teessä. Ly­hyen sairaa­la­hoidon jäl­keen po­tilas voi seuran­nassa hy­vin. Hyp­noosia tu­lisi käyt­tää vain valvo­tusti tervey­den­huol­lossa.Peer reviewe

Maallikkohypnoosiin liittynyt akuutti skitsofreenistyyppinen psykoosi

Vaik­ka hyp­noosia pi­detään var­sin haitat­to­mana hoito­muo­tona, kirjal­li­suu­dessa on ku­vattu sen varo­mat­tomaan käyt­töön liitty­neitä kompli­kaa­tioita, ku­ten disso­sia­tii­visia ja lyhyt­kes­toisia psy­koot­tisia ti­loja. Yli 50-vuotiaan aiem­min ter­veen ja työelä­mässä menes­tyneen nai­sen akuutti skit­sof­ree­nis­tyyp­pinen ­psy­koot­tinen häi­riö al­koi varo­mat­to­masti käy­tetyn maallik­ko­hyp­noosin yhtey­dessä. Po­tilas ko­keili sel­laista ensim­mäistä ker­taa, ja hä­nen koke­mansa hallu­si­naatiot ja harha­luulot liit­tyivät yksi­nomaan hyp­noosiin. Po­tilaan oi­reistoon liit­tyi vaaral­lisia piir­teitä, ku­ten har­haääniä, jot­ka kehot­tivat hän­tä riski­käyt­täy­ty­miseen liiken­teessä. Ly­hyen sairaa­la­hoidon jäl­keen po­tilas voi seuran­nassa hy­vin. Hyp­noosia tu­lisi käyt­tää vain valvo­tusti tervey­den­huol­lossa.Peer reviewe

Laterality of motor activity during normal and disturbed sleep

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Biomarkers and prediction of myocardial triglyceride content in non-diabetic men

Background and aims: Lipid oversupply to cardiomyocytes or decreased utilization of lipids leads to cardiac steatosis. We aimed to examine the role of different circulating metabolic biomarkers as predictors of myocardial triglyceride (TG) content in non-diabetic men. Methods and results: Myocardial and hepatic TG contents were measured with 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, and LV function, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous tissue (SAT), epicardial and pericardial fat by MR imaging in 76 non-diabetic men. Serum concentration of circulating metabolic biomarkers [adiponectin, leptin, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein 4 (A-FABP 4), resistin, and lipocalin-2] including beta-hydroxybuturate (beta-OHB) were measured. Subjects were stratified by tertiles of myocardial TG into low, moderate, and high myocardial TG content groups. Concentrations of beta-OHB were lower (p = 0.003) and serum levels of A-FABP 4 were higher (p <0.001) in the group with high myocardial TG content compared with the group with low myocardial TG content. beta-OHB was negatively correlated with myocardial TG content (r = -0.316, p = 0.006), whereas A-FABP 4 was not correlated with myocardial TG content (r = 0.192, p = 0.103). In multivariable analyses beta-OHB and plasma glucose levels were the best predictors of myocardial TG content independently of VAT and hepatic TG content. The model explained 58.8% of the variance in myocardial TG content. Conclusion: Our data showed that beta-OHB and fasting glucose were the best predictors of myocardial TG content in non-diabetic men. These data suggest that hyperglycemia and alterations in lipid oxidation may be associated with cardiac steatosis in humans. (C) 2015 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Brain Basis of Psychopathy in Criminal Offenders and General Population.

Psychopathy is characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy, and egotistical traits. These traits vary also in normally functioning individuals. Here, we tested whether such antisocial personalities are associated with similar structural and neural alterations as those observed in criminal psychopathy. Subjects were 100 non-convicted well-functioning individuals, 19 violent male offenders, and 19 matched controls. Subjects underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and viewed movie clips with varying violent content during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Psychopathic traits were evaluated with Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (controls) and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (offenders). Psychopathic offenders had lower gray matter density (GMD) in orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula. In the community sample, affective psychopathy traits were associated with lower GMD in the same areas. Viewing violence increased brain activity in periaqueductal grey matter, thalamus, somatosensory, premotor, and temporal cortices. Psychopathic offenders had increased responses to violence in thalamus and orbitofrontal, insular, and cingulate cortices. In the community sample, impulsivity-related psychopathy traits were positively associated with violence-elicited responses in similar areas. We conclude that brain characteristics underlying psychopathic spectrum in violent psychopathy are related to those observed in well-functioning individuals with asocial personality features

Angiographic correlations of patients with small vessel disease diagnosed by adenosine-stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with adenosine-stress myocardial perfusion is gaining importance for the detection and quantification of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is little knowledge about patients with CMR-detected ischemia, but having no relevant stenosis as seen on coronary angiography (CA). The aims of our study were to characterize these patients by CMR and CA and evaluate correlations and potential reasons for the ischemic findings. 73 patients with an indication for CA were first scanned on a 1.5T whole-body CMR-scanner including adenosine-stress first-pass perfusion. The images were analyzed by two independent investigators for myocardial perfusion which was classified as subendocardial ischemia (n = 22), no perfusion deficit (n = 27, control 1), or more than subendocardial ischemia (n = 24, control 2). All patients underwent CA, and a highly significant correlation between the classification of CMR perfusion deficit and the degree of coronary luminal narrowing was found. For quantification of coronary blood flow, corrected Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC) was evaluated for the left anterior descending (LAD), circumflex (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA). The main result was that corrected TFC in all coronaries was significantly increased in study patients compared to both control 1 and to control 2 patients. Study patients had hypertension or diabetes more often than control 1 patients. In conclusion, patients with CMR detected subendocardial ischemia have prolonged coronary blood flow. In connection with normal resting flow values in CAD, this supports the hypothesis of underlying coronary microvascular impairment. CMR stress perfusion differentiates non-invasively between this entity and relevant CAD

Aberrant motor contagion of emotions in psychopathy and high-functioning autism

Psychopathy and autism are both associated with aberrant social skills and empathy, yet only psychopaths are markedly antisocial and violent. Here, we compared the functional neural alterations underlying these two groups that both have aberrant empathetic abilities but distinct behavioral phenotypes. We studied 19 incarcerated male offenders with high psychopathic traits, 20 males with high-functioning autism, and 19 age-matched healthy controls. All groups underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while they viewed dynamic happy, angry, and disgusted faces or listened to laughter and crying sounds. Psychopathy was associated with reduced somatomotor responses to almost all expressions, while participants with autism demonstrated less marked and emotion-specific alterations in the somatomotor area. These data suggest that psychopathy and autism involve both common and distinct functional alterations in the brain networks involved in the socioemotional processing. The alterations are more profound in psychopathy, possibly reflecting the more severely disturbed socioemotional brain networks in this population