945 research outputs found
Maritime Indonesia and the Archipelagic Outlook; Some Reflections From a Multidisciplinary Perspective on Old Port Cities in Java
The present paper reflects on Indonesia\u27s status as an archipelagic state and a maritime nation from a historical perspective. It explores the background of a multi-year research project into Indonesia\u27s maritime past currently being undertaken at the Humanities Faculty of Universitas Indonesia. The multidisciplinary research uses toponymy, epigraphy, philology, and linguistic lines of analysis in examining old inscriptions and manuscripts and also includes site visits to a number of old port cities across the archipelago. We present here some of the core concepts behind the research such as the importance of the ancient port cities in a network of maritime trade and diplomacy, and link them to some contemporary issues such as the Archipelagic Outlook. This is based on a concept of territorial integrity that reflects Indonesia\u27s national identity and aspirations. It is hoped that the paper can extend the discussion about efforts to make maritime affairs a strategic geopolitical goal along with restoring Indonesia\u27s identity as a maritime nation
Ubiquitous Place Names Standardization and Study in Indonesia
Place names play a vital role in human society. Names exist in all languages and place names are an indispensible part of International communication. This has been acknowledged by the establishment of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN). One of UNGEGN's tasks is to coordinate International efforts on the proper use of place names. Indonesia supports this effort and through its National Geospatial Agency (BIG). Place names are also of interest as an object of study in themselves. Academic studies into place names are found in linguistics, onomastics, philosophy and a number of other academic disciplines. This article looks at these two dimensions of place names, standardization efforts under the auspices of International and national bodies, and academic studies of names, with particular reference to the situation in Indonesia
Reevaluasi Konsep Pemilah Bahasa dan Dialek untuk Bahasa Nusantara
Even today, there is disagreement among experts over how many languages and dialects there are in Indonesia. The methodological tools for classifying languages consist of mapping isoglosses, dialectometry, and measures of mutual intelligibility. The present article surveys the methodology used in N = 129 researches performed over the last 50 years and finds that researchers based their conclusions about languages and dialects predominantly on isoglosses while dialectometry and mutual intelligibility were much less used. It is also suggested that these three research methods be reevaluated in the light of the multilingual situation in Indonesia. We could possibly get better results with the isogloss method if we reconsidered the criteria for degree of sound similarity and the criteria for bundling isoglosses. For dialectometry, we should consider modifying the current percentages used to distinguish language-dialect divisions. For establishing mutual intelligibility, the factors that could be reassessed include techniques of testing, the procedures for choosing test-points and reference-points, and the criteria for choosing valid texts for testing. 
ASYMMETRY IN FRONTCRAWL SWIMMING WITH AND WITHOUT HAND PADDLES
The aim of this study was to determine whether asymmetry exists in underwater front crawl stroking patterns with and without hand paddles. Six senior national level male swimmers performed trials at 100m race pace, with and without large (480cm2) hand paddles. Underwater motions for both right and left arms were filmed from the front and sides using three gen-locked video cameras and the video recordings were digitised at 50Hz to give three-dimensional coordinate data for a three segment model of the arm. The use of hand paddles significantly altered key temporal and kinematic features of the front crawl arm stroke for the left and right sides of the body. Specifically, the paddles increased time to complete the upsweep phase of the stroke on both sides. The paddles significantly reduced backward hand displacement on the left and right sides and altered the depth and lateral displacement of the stroke on the right side. Depth of stroke and elbow angle was also different without paddles on the right side and indicated asymmetry in technique, perhaps related to preferred breathing side
ACTIVATION AND CONTRIBUTION OF TRUNK AND LEG MUSCULATURE TO FORCE PRODUCTION DURING ON-WATER SPRINT KAYAK PERFORMANCE
Velocity production during sprint kayaking has been shown to be dependent on the magnitude of forces produced during the stroke cycle. However, while the importance of the upper body in force production has been promoted by previous research, the importance of the trunk and lower body are yet to be established. Eight international level paddlers completed 5 on-water sprint trials during which paddle force and trunk and leg muscle activations were recorded. Significant correlations (
THE EFFECTS OF ADIDAS POWERWEB COMPRESSION SHORTS ON MUSCLE OSCILLATION AND DROP JUMP PERFORMANCE
Adidas compression garment with PowerWeb technology was used in this study to explore the effects on athletic performance and influence on muscle oscillation during a drop jump task. Six male subjects performed 3 drop jumps under 2 conditions, bare leg (control condition) and PowerWeb compression shorts. Three dimensional kinematic data were collected using Vicon Motus software sampling at 500 Hz and force data with a Kistler force plate using Bioware software sampling at 500 Hz. Two-tailed paired sample t-test‘s were conducted to discover significant differences in muscle oscillation, maximum peak ground reaction force (GRF), peak vertical loading rate (PVLR) and jump height. Wearing PowerWeb compression shorts showed an improvement in jump height with an increase of 6.9 mm, although subjects experienced an extra 1 BW of force during landing
Curvature-induced stiffening of a fish fin
How fish modulate their fin stiffness during locomotive manoeuvres remains
unknown. We show that changing the fin's curvature modulates its stiffness.
Modelling the fin as bendable bony rays held together by a membrane, we deduce
that fin curvature is manifested as a misalignment of the principal bending
axes between neighbouring rays. An external force causes neighbouring rays to
bend and splay apart, and thus stretches the membrane. This coupling between
bending the rays and stretching the membrane underlies the increase in
stiffness. Using analysis of a 3D reconstruction of a Mackerel (Scomber
japonicus) pectoral fin, we calculate the range of stiffnesses this fin is
expected to span by changing curvature. The 3D reconstruction shows that, even
in its geometrically flat state, a functional curvature is embedded within the
fin microstructure owing to the morphology of individual rays. Since the
ability of a propulsive surface to transmit force to the surrounding fluid is
limited by its stiffness, the fin curvature controls the coupling between the
fish and its surrounding fluid. Thereby, our results provide mechanical
underpinnings and morphological predictions for the hypothesis that the spanned
range of fin stiffnesses correlates with the behaviour and the ecological niche
of the fish
The potential for circular dichroism as an additional facile and sensitive method of monitoring low-molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids
The ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) spectra of commercial low-molecular-weight heparins, heparinoids and other anticoagulant preparations have been recorded between 180 and 260 nm. Principal component analysis of the spectra allowed their differentiation into a number of groups related to the means of their production reflecting the structural changes introduced by each process. The findings suggest that CD provides a complementary technique for the rapid analysis of heparin preparations
The impact of marketisation on postgraduate career preparedness in a high skills economy
This study focuses on the consequences for high skills development of the erosion of the once clear demarcation between higher education and business. It contributes to the broader debate about the relevance of higher education for thewell-being of the society of the future. The research explores the effects of marketisation on the postgraduate curriculum and students’ preparedness for careers in public relations and marketing communications. Interviews with lecturers and students in two universities in the UK and Australia indicate that a tension exists between academic rigour and corporate relevancy. The consequences are a diminution of academic attachment to critique and wider social/cultural engagement, with a resulting impoverishment of students’ creative abilities and critical consciences. Subsequently, graduates of public relations and marketing communications, and to some extent those from other profession-related disciplines, are insufficiently prepared for careers as knowledge workers in a future high-skills economy
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