Cell Death Regulates Injury and Inflammation During Renal Allograft Transplantation

Renal transplantation invariably results in tissue injury resulting from ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), inflammation, drug toxicity, and rejection. Tubular epithelial cells (TEC) comprise the majority of renal parenchyma and are susceptible to cell death and injury during diverse forms of inflammation, which has direct and indirect effects on long term allograft function. Renal TEC have the unique ability to attenuate inflammation and alloimmune injury through the expression of various mediators of cell death and inflammatory molecules. Inhibition of cell death pathways in renal allografts may influence outcomes of alloimmune responses and graft survival. In this body of investigation, alteration of apoptosis and necroptosis forms of TEC death in vitro, were tested for their ability to extend allograft survival in vivo. Apoptotic death induced by cytotoxic cells during allograft rejection was inhibited by TEC expression of Granzyme B inhibiting serine protease inhibitor-6 (SPI-6) and prolonged graft survival and function. Apoptosis death of TEC can also be initiated during renal IRI and with rejection by pro-inflammatory cytokines through surface death receptors. However, inhibition of TNFα-induced apoptosis in TEC through caspase-8 upregulated the receptor interacting protein kinase 1 and 3 (RIPK1/3)-mediated necroptosis pathway to limit graft survival. However, inhibition of RIPK1/3 necroptotic death during renal IRI and transplantation was able to preserve renal function and promote long term graft survival. Augmented pro-inflammatory effects following necrotic cell death were related to an increased release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Use of the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid (GZA) inhibited inflammatory responses in vitro and was able to ameliorate renal IRI. Collectively these studies highlight the importance of endogenous donor kidney factors in regulating inflammatory cell death and subsequently the severity and outcomes of allograft rejection. Regulators of parenchymal cell death in kidney and other solid organs may provide entirely new therapeutic targets for transplantation which will promote long term allograft survival

A Contrastive Corpus Analysis between Modern Art Criticism and Photography Criticism for Curriculum Development in Art ESP

The field of ESP encompasses a number of areas. In the developing area of English for Art Purposes or Art ESP, there is almost no material in publication for Art schools and other programs to use. This dissertation addresses the need for material in this field by using contrastive corpus analysis to identify suitable material for this subject and then discusses how contrastive analysis software can also be used to help create content in the form of lesson plans and curriculum material. This study focuses on the unique language features of modern art criticism and photography criticism by looking at the driving differences that characterize each genre by asking the following research questions: 1.Can the language of photography criticism in terms of indicative linguistic features be considered as a distinct genre from modern art criticism? 2.If so, which features drive these differences, and how can the identification of these features be used to create content material for use with nonnative English speakers? This study used a contrastive analysis method by utilizing a computational tool called the Gramulator to isolate and identify the characteristic features that differentiate a Photography Criticism corpus of 48 samples and a Modern Art Criticism corpus of 94 samples. The main findings were viewed in terms of one, two and three word collocations. The software tool also viewed the amount of narrative and science language used in each corpus. The results for this section of the study showed a predicted result of a high rate of scientific language with 30 out of 48 samples showing science language. The Modern Art results were more surprising with a very near split of 44 out of 94 showing science language and 50 out of 94 showing narrative. The software tool was then used to show and discuss how these results could be utilized to create different content for the area of Art ESP. The results were then concluded to support the claim that these are two separate genres of writing

Is there a Role for Preoperative Infusion or Intraoperative Cholangiography?

Background: There has been a resurgence of interest in recent years in preoperative infusion cholangiography (PIC). The role of routine PIC compared to routine intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) has not been clearly defined

The Relationship Between Senior Navy Civilian and Military Executives

The Shore Establishment of the Navy is managed by a mix of senior military and civilian personnel working closely together. There are many strengths in the system, including the different skills the managers bring to their position. Ideally, the knowledge of the operating forces and the fresh perspectives brought by the military officer are blended with the continuity and procedural and technical competence of the civilian. The relationship is not always smooth, however, and a first look is provided here

COMPOSITION AND DENSITY OF THE SEED BANKS OF FLOODPLAIN FOREST, COMBU ISLAND, BELÉM-PA, BRAZIL

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição e densidade do banco de sementes de um trecho de floresta de várzea localizada na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Ilha do Combu, no município de Belém, PA, Brasil. Foram alocadas sistematicamente 6 parcelas de 20 x 20m em três áreas da floresta distante 100m uma da outra perfazendo um total de 0,24ha. Em cada parcela foi utilizado um gabarito de madeira medindo 50 x 50 cm para a padronização e coleta de 20 amostras do banco de sementes do solo a 20 cm de profundidade desprezando-se a serapilheira. As 120 amostras foram depositadas em sacos plásticos de 30 litros e transportadas para o Horto Botânico localizado no campus de pesquisa do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). As amostras foram distribuídas em recipientes plásticos medindo 36 cm x 5 cm de profundidade em um viveiro suspenso com sombrite a 50%. O experimento foi conduzido de maio a agosto de 2013 com a quantificação das plântulas a partir de 10 cm de altura e identificadas em nível de família, gênero, espécie e calculada a densidade média de plântulas. Para comparar a diversidade de espécies foram utilizados o índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H') e o índice de similaridade de Sorensen (S). Foram registradas 26 famílias, 38 gêneros e 41 espécies. As famílias mais representativas foram Poaceae, Asteraceae e Cyperaceae com quatro espécies cada e as espécies com maiores densidades foram Polybotrya caudata Kunze, Cecropia palmata Willd., Cyperus difformis L., Alternanthera tenella, Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don, Commelina erecta L. e Phyllanthus niruri L. A forma de crescimento herbácea foi dominante em todas as áreas. Foi registrado o índice de H'=0,86 nat-3ind para a área 1; H'=1,91 nats-3ind para a área 2 e H'=1,35 nats-3ind para a área 3 e a similaridade de S'=0,50 para a área 1; S'=0,48 para a área 2 e S'=0,50 para a área 3. A composição florística do banco de sementes foi superior aos registrados em outras florestas de várzea e não correspondente as famílias e espécies comumente registradas no estrato superior. A dominância de espécies herbáceas caracteriza uma possível perturbação natural ou antrópica na área e de Polybotrya caudata pelo fato de adaptar-se aos ambientes sombreados e úmidos.Palavras-chave: banco de plântulas, forma de vida, Amazônia.This study aimed to characterize the composition and density of the seed bank of the floodplain forest located in the Environmental Protection Area, Combu Island, in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. 6 were systematically allocated plots of 20 x 20 m in three areas of the forest that had no human disturbance, 100 m apart from each other for a total of 0.24 ha. In each plot we used a jig wood measuring 50 x 50 cm for the standardization and collecting 20 samples of soil seed bank at 20 cm depth was discarded litter. The 120 samples were placed in 30 plastic bags and transported to the Botanical Garden located in the research campus of the Museu Emilio Goeldi. The samples were distributed in plastic containers measuring 36 cm x 5 cm deep in a nursery with black drop to 50 %. The experiment was conducted from may to august 2013 with the quantification of seedlings from 10 cm and identified at family, genus, species and calculated the average density of seedlings. To compare the diversity of species we used the diversity index of Shannon-Wiener (H') and Sorensen similarity index (S’). Registered 26 families, 38 genera and 41 species. The most representative families were Poaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae with four species each. The most dominant species and their average densities were Polybotrya caudata Kunze, Cecropia palmata Willd., Cyperus difformis L., Alternanthera tenella Colla, Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don, Commelina erecta L. e Phyllanthus niruri L. The herbaceous growth was dominant in all areas. Was recorded index H'= 0.86 nats ind-3 for Area 1, H' = 1.91 nats ind-3 to Area 2 and H'= 1.35 nats ind-3 to the area 3 and the similarity of S’= 0.50 for Area 1, S'= 0.48 for area 2 and S'= 0.50 for area 3. The floristic composition of the seed bank was higher than those recorded in other lowland forests and mismatched families and species commonly recorded in the upper stratum. The dominance of herbaceous species characterizes a possible natural or anthropogenic disturbance in the area and the fact Polybotrya caudata adapt to the shaded and moist.Keywords: seedling banks; life form; Amazon

Determining known-group validity and test-retest reliability in the PEQ (personalized exercise questionnaire)

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: To determine the known-group validity, a type of construct validity, and the test-retest reliability of a newly developed tool, the Personalized Exercise Questionnaire (PEQ), that assesses the barriers, facilitators, and preferences to exercise in individuals with low bone mass and osteoporosis. Methods: A comparative design was used to assess known-group validity and a test-retest design to examine the reproducibility. Ninety-five participants with low bone mass and osteoporosis were recruited from an outpatient clinic in Hamilton, Ontario. The questionnaire was administered to 95 participants at baseline and a subset of 42 participants completed the survey again one week later. The known-group validity of the PEQ was determined using four hypotheses that compared two known groups based on employment level, age, socioeconomic status, and physical activity level. The reproducibility of individual responses was analyzed using the Kappa Coefficient (κ). Results: There was known-group validity for three of the four hypotheses. Test-retest reliability scores ranged from no agreement to almost perfect agreement; seven items had almost perfect agreement (κ: 0.81-1.00), 12 substantial agreement (κ: 0.68-0.74), six moderate agreement (κ: 0.56-0.60), two fair agreement (κ: 0.36-0.40), one slight agreement (κ = 0.23) and one no agreement (κ = - 0.03). Conclusion: Preliminary support for the usefulness of the PEQ is indicated since the majority of the items had at least substantial agreement and known-group validity was moderately supported for some items. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03125590, on April 24, 2017

FLORÍSTICA E ESTRUTURA DA COMUNIDADE ARBÓREA EM UMA FLORESTA DE VÁRZEA NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL, ILHA DO COMBU, BELÉM, PARÁ.

This study aimed to describe the structure and the floristic composition of a floodplain Forest in the Combu Island, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil. This research has taken place in 2.75 ha plots of 50 x 11 50 m subdivided into 5 transects of 10 x 50 m. Trees species with DBH ≥ 10 cm were evaluated and height was estimated. The botanical material was identified int family, genera and species and incorporated in the João Murça Pires Herbarium (MG). For phytosociology analysis were calculated and established diameter and height classes. The results showed 5.731 individuals in 21 families, 51 genera and 61 species. Families with more species were Fabaceae (14) and Arecaceae (7) and Euterpe oleracea Mart. stood out getting the highest number of individuals (4259). It was observed that approximately 84% of individuals in the three height classes, showing the characteristic pattern of tropical forests. For diameter distribution, the subjects were more classes II, III and IV there was a significant decrease in larger classes. The diversity of species recorded demonstrates the good condition of the forest.Keywords: phytosociology; conservation; Euterpe oleracea.Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a composição florística e estrutura da comunidade arbórea de uma floresta de várzea localizada em uma área de proteção ambiental, na Ilha do Combu, município de Belém, no estado do Pará, Brasil. O inventário florístico abrangeu 2,75 ha em 11 parcelas de 50 x 50 m subdivididas em 5 transectos de 10 x 50 m onde foram amostradas todas as espécies arbóreas com DAP ≥ 10 cm e estimada a altura. O material botânico foi identificado em nível de família, gênero e espécie no Herbário João Murça Pires do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Foram calculados os parâmetros fitossociológicos e estabelecidas as classes de tamanho para a estratificação do diâmetro e altura. Os resultados mostraram 5.731 indivíduos distribuídos em 21 famílias, 51 gêneros e 61 espécies. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Fabaceae (14) e Arecaceae (7) e Euterpe oleracea Mart. com o maior número de indivíduos (4.259). Observou-se que aproximadamente 84% dos indivíduos ocuparam as três primeiras classes de altura, demonstrando o modelo característico de florestas tropicais. Na distribuição diamétrica, as classes com maior indivíduos foram II, III e IV havendo um decréscimo significativo nas maiores classes. A diversidade de espécies registradas demonstra o bom estado de conservação da floresta..Palavras-chave: fitossociologia; conservação, Euterpe oleracea