Application Of Atmospheric Correction To Hyperspectral Data: Comparisons Of Different Techniques On Hymap Data

(c) 2004 Ian C Lauhttp://trove.nla.gov.au/work/765806

Multiple species comparative analysis of human chromosome 22 between markers D22S1687 and D22S419 and gene expression profiling in zebrafish.

Major large scale insertions or deletions that resulted in gene number differences between human and chimpanzee were discovered in the IGLL and LCR22s within this region, with four human insertions from 6 Kb to 75 Kb and three chimpanzee insertions from 12 Kb to 74 Kb observed in the IGLL region, two human insertions of 59 Kb and 36 Kb in LCR22-6, and a 67 Kb chimpanzee insertion in LCR22-8. Small scale insertions and deletions, in addition to exon shuffling, elevated nucleotide divergence rate and positive selection were also observed in the putative genes, partially duplicated genes and pseudogenes in the IGLL and LCR22s. Thus, the second major conclusion of this study is the major differences between human and chimpanzee in this region lies in the highly repetitive regions of the IGLL and the LCR22s.Comparison of a 4.5 Mb region of human chromosome 22 between markers D22s1687 and D22s419, with the syntenic region in chimpanzee had revealed overall DNA sequence identity of approximately 97.6%, Ka/Ks ratio of known protein coding genes at approximately 0.25, with the majority of amino acid changes between hydrophilic amino acids, followed by changes between hydrophobic amino acids, and the least changes between hydrophobic to hydrophilic amino acids or vise versa. Thus, the first major conclusion of this study is that overall, this chromosomal region is highly conserved between human and chimpanzee, and the known protein coding genes are undergoing purifying selections, in which 75% of nucleotide substitutions that led to amino acid changes were eliminated by adaptive evolution.Through whole mount in situ hybridization studies, a total of 12 human orthologs in zebrafish, including 4 newly predicted putative genes with no previously known expression profile and function, showed specific expression in the developing zebrafish embryonic central nervous system, optic system, the neural crest cells, ottic vesicle, liver, and notochord. Thus, the third major conclusion from this present study is that many predicted genes which currently lack expression data and functional information likely are time and tissue specific during developmental processes

Infrared emission from kilonovae: the case of the nearby short hard burst GRB 160821B

We present constraints on Ks-band emission from one of the nearest short hard gamma-ray bursts, GRB 160821B, at z=0.16, at three epochs. We detect a reddened relativistic afterglow from the jetted emission in the first epoch but do not detect any excess kilonova emission in the second two epochs. We compare upper limits obtained with Keck I/MOSFIRE to multi-dimensional radiative transfer models of kilonovae, that employ composition-dependent nuclear heating and LTE opacities of heavy elements. We discuss eight models that combine toroidal dynamical ejecta and two types of wind and one model with dynamical ejecta only. We also discuss simple, empirical scaling laws of predicted emission as a function of ejecta mass and ejecta velocity. Our limits for GRB 160821B constrain the ejecta mass to be lower than 0.03 Msun for velocities greater than 0.1c. At the distance sensitivity range of advanced LIGO, similar ground-based observations would be sufficiently sensitive to the full range of predicted model emission including models with only dynamical ejecta. The color evolution of these models shows that I-K color spans 7--16 mag, which suggests that even relatively shallow infrared searches for kilonovae could be as constraining as optical searches.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Astrophysical Journal Letter

KK-theory of co-existentially closed continua

We describe the possible values of $K$-theory for $C(X)$ when $X$ is a co-existentially closed continuum. As a consequence we also show that all pseudo-solenoids, except perhaps the universal one, are not co-existentially closed.Comment: 15 page

Effect Of Cationic Charging Agent On The Bonding Strength Of Coarse Titanium Particles Deposited By Electrophoretic Deposition

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a potential coating technique for surface hardening of steel when combined with a subsequent rapid sintering process. This process requires synergy between suspension particles and charging agent, particularly when the particles involved are noncolloidal in nature. The present work will investigate the effect of three commercially-available cationic charging agents; aluminium (III) chloride (AlCl3), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) on the EPD of coarse Ti particles onto steel. The obtained Ti coatings were characterized by their surface microstructure, deposit yield, electrophoretic mobility and electrical conductivity. The key finding of the present study is the bonding strength of charging agent-adsorbed coarse Ti particles deposits predominantly controlled their deposit yield. Electrophoretic mobility of the Ti particles only played a lesser role in the deposit yield because of strong hindrance of gravity on the moving coarse particles. Charging agent, which gave the strongest to the weakest bonding strength is as follow: AlCl3, PDADMAC (Mw = 100,000 -200,000 amu), PDADMAC (Mw = 400,000 -500,000 amu), PEI

Electrophoretic Mobilities Of Dissolved Polyelectrolyte Charging Agent And Suspended Non-Colloidal Titanium During Electrophoretic Deposition

Coarse (<= 20 microns) titanium particles were deposited on low-carbon steel substrates by cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) with ethanol as suspension medium and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as polymeric charging agent. Preliminary data on the electrophoretic mobilities and electrical conductivities on the suspensions of these soft particles as well as the solutions themselves as a function of PDADMAC level were used as the basis for the investigation of the EPD parameters in terms of the deposition yield as a function of five experimental parameters: (a) PDADMAC addition level, (b) solids loading, (c) deposition time, (d) applied voltage, and (e) electrode separation. These data were supported by particle sizing by laser diffraction and deposit surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The preceding data demonstrated that Ti particles of 1-20 microns size, electrosterically modified by the PDADMAC charging agent, acted effectively as colloidal particles during EPD. Owing to the non-colloidal nature of the particles and the stabilization of the Ti particles by electrosteric forces, the relevance of the zeta potential is questionable, so the more fundamental parameter of electrophoretic mobility was used. A key finding from the present work is the importance of assessing the electrophoretic mobilities of both the suspensions and solutions since the latter, which normally is overlooked, plays a critical role in the ability to interpret the results meaningfully. Further, algebraic uncoupling of these data plus determination of the deposit yield as a function of charging agent addition allow discrimination between the three main mechanistic stages of the electrokinetics of the process, which are: (1) surface saturation; (2) compression of the diffuse layer, growth of polymer-rich layer, and/or competition between the mobility of Ti and PDADMAC; and (3) little or no decrease in electrophoretic mobility of Ti, establishment of polymer-rich layer, and/or dominance of the mobility of the PDADMAC over that of Ti

Production of tetra-methylpyrazine using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is an established and industrially-relevant microbial host that has been utilized for the expression of many desirable bioproducts. Tetra-methylpyrazine (TMP) is a naturally occurring alkylpyrazine with broad applications spanning fragrances to resins. We identified an engineered strain of C.&nbsp;glutamicum which produces 5&nbsp;​g/L TMP and separately, a strain which can co-produce both TMP and the biofuel compound isopentenol. Ionic liquids also stimulate TMP production in engineered strains. Using a fed batch-mode feeding strategy, ionic liquid stimulated strains produced 2.2&nbsp;​g/L of tetra-methylpyrazine. We show that feedback from a specific heterologous gene pathway on host physiology leads to acetoin accumulation and the production of TMP

Tree biomass equations from terrestrial LiDAR : a case study in Guyana

Large uncertainties in tree and forest carbon estimates weaken national efforts to accurately estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) for their national monitoring, measurement, reporting and verification system. Allometric equations to estimate biomass have improved, but remain limited. They rely on destructive sampling; large trees are under-represented in the data used to create them; and they cannot always be applied to different regions. These factors lead to uncertainties and systematic errors in biomass estimations. We developed allometric models to estimate tree AGB in Guyana. These models were based on tree attributes (diameter, height, crown diameter) obtained from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds from 72 tropical trees and wood density. We validated our methods and models with data from 26 additional destructively harvested trees. We found that our best TLS-derived allometric models included crown diameter, provided more accurate AGB estimates (R-2 = 0.92-0.93) than traditional pantropical models (R-2 = 0.85-0.89), and were especially accurate for large trees (diameter > 70 cm). The assessed pantropical models underestimated AGB by 4 to 13%. Nevertheless, one pantropical model (Chave et al. 2005 without height) consistently performed best among the pantropical models tested (R-2 = 0.89) and predicted AGB accurately across all size classes-which but for this could not be known without destructive or TLS-derived validation data. Our methods also demonstrate that tree height is difficult to measure in situ, and the inclusion of height in allometric models consistently worsened AGB estimates. We determined that TLS-derived AGB estimates were unbiased. Our approach advances methods to be able to develop, test, and choose allometric models without the need to harvest trees