Effect of cadmium chloride and ascorbic acid exposure on the vital organs of freshwater Cyprinid, Labeo rohita

The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of sub lethal concentrations of heavy metal, cadmium chloride (CdCl2.H2O), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and their combination on Labeo rohita. The effect was investigated on the basis of histopathological examinations of control and experimental groups exposed to heavy metal. The acute semi statistical toxicity test for L. rohita revealed 96 h LC50 value 22.92 mg L-1 for cadmium chloride (CdCl2.H2O). 215 fingerlings of L. rohita were exposed to three different experimental conditions for 96 h: 11.46 mg L-1 CdCl2.H2O, or 450 mg Kg-1 ascorbic acid or combination of both these doses. No alterations were observed in gill sections upon comparison between treated and untreated groups. Congestion in sinusoids, fatty change, an increase in Kupffer cells and intrahepatic lymphocytes was observed in CdCl2.H2O treated group. In kidney sections of heavy metal treated group, degeneration of the glomerular tissue, occlusion in tubular lumen and necrosis were observed. Similar changes but in less severe form, as described above, were observed in the fish exposed to combination of CdCl2.H2O and ascorbic indicating that ascorbic acid do detoxify the effect of heavy metal to some extant. Our results indicate that cadmium chloride (CdCl2.H2O), if present in fresh water bodies, may act as strong toxic agent for L. rohita.Keywords: Labeo rohita, cadmium chloride (CdCl2.H2O), ascorbic acid, histopatholog

Does Women Risk Averse in Ownership Behavior: Myth or Reality?

The study aims to explore the impact of female ownership (FO) of financial behavior measured by three dimensions: financial performance (FPER), risk taking behavior (RTB) and stock performance (SPER). Secondary data of sixty Pakistani companies for the period of 2011-17 are collected. Multiple regressions are applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that Female ownership (FO) has negative (positive) linkage with FPER (RTB) respectively. However, the findings are vice versa in case of female primary ownership (FPO) with same independent variables. The finding of the study is very significant regarding the behavior of women in the context of ownership. FO (FPO) shows indirect (direct) significant effect on financial behavior vice versa to RTB

The Allusions of Behavioral Finance

The deliberation in theoretical finance among the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) and the subject of the behavioral finance is of immense interest. from the time when its emerge, the EMH has been the most significant theory which describes the behavior of the diverse agents in the financial markets and overlooks more or less any prospective impact of human behavior in the investment method. From the end of 1970s and the commencement of 1980s, a rising number of researchers and scholars showed the irregularity of this theory. The anomalies of the recent portfolio models and theories have provoked the development of behavioral finance. Behavioral finance assimilates psychology and economics in finance theory and has its heredity in theground-breaking work of great psychologists Tversky and Daniel Kahneman (1979). The rationale of this study is to present a synthesis of the behavioral finance literature over the last two decades. Keywords: Efficient Market Hypothesis, Financial Market, arbitrage, Cognitive dissonance, Regret avoidance Type: Literature Revie

Ameliorative effects of Vitamin E and Urtica dioica against thiamethoxam-induced teratogenicity in embryonated chicken eggs

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the defensive effects of Vitamin E (Vit. E) and Urtica dioica (UD) in the mitigation of developmental anomalies induced by thiamethoxam (TMX) in chicken embryos.Methods: For this purpose, a total of 140 fertile eggs were equally divided into seven experimental groups (A-G); Groups A and B were kept as negative and sham control, respectively. Group C was exposed to TMX while groups D and E were supplemented with Vit. E and U. dioica, respectively along with TMX. Group F received Vit. E and group G U. dioica, only. The eggs were examined on days 10th and 20th of incubation for the assessment of developmental flaws and musculoskeletal anomalies.Results: The mortality rate was highest (40%) in group C (TMX) followed by groups D and E (20 and 15%), respectively. Developing embryos were exposed to TMX for retarded growth weight and crown-rump length (CRL) were significantly decreased as compared to the control group. The highest survival rate was recorded in negative control group A. The teratogenic defects recorded in this study include growth retardation, decreased crown-rump length, shortened beak, exencephaly, feather scantiness, and limb deformities. Morphometric analysis revealed improved growth by all parameters in Vit. E and U. dioica supplemented groups.Conclusion: It was concluded that developmental defects are due to induced TMX, can be counteracted with Vit. E and U. dioica and have no phytochemicals negative effects

A Review: An Insight into the Potential of Biological Control of Ticks in Domestic and Wild Animals

Ticks are hematophagous arthropods that transmit pathogens to humans, animals and poultry birds, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions globally, causing considerable economic and health losses by serving infectious vectors. In endemic locations of the world, tick-borne diseases have become a public health issue. Ticks biting causes anemia in animals and also impair their hide quality. Therefore, the current review article focused on the biological control of ticks. Ticks, like any other creature, are susceptible to various infectious agents (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia bigemina, B. gibsoni, Hepatozoon canis, H. americanum, Theileria annulate, T. taurotragi etc). Ticks can become infected with rickettsia, spirochetes, viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Some protozoans and worms infiltrate ticks and reproduce inside them, killing them. Fungus (Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticiliium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana), bacteria (Bacillus), nematodes (Steinernema glaseri, S. carpocapsae), and parasitoids (Ixodiphagus species.) have proved effective biological agents to control ticks. Insects are also a type of natural tick enemy. Ticks that are engorged with blood and while moulting are the most vulnerable to insect predation and eaten by spiders, ants, beetles, dragonflies, and wasps (Ixodiphagus). Ticks are also preyed upon by amphibians and reptiles. Birds such as yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), helmeted guineafowl and Galliformes are good predators of ticks. Biological agents affect only target pests (ticks), do not destroy beneficial natural enemies and are safer for the ecosystem and humans. By keeping in view, the significance of biological agents, we highly recommend them in integrated tick management program that could minimize the tick population

Prognostic Factors for Decompressive Hemicraniectomy in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Traumatic Mass Lesions: A Prospective Experience from a Developing Country

Objective:  To evaluate the prognostic factors affecting functional clinical outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury patients with traumatic mass lesions undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC). Materials and Methods:  A prospective cohort of 85 patients of severe traumatic brain injury patients with traumatic mass lesions underwent a unilateral decompressive hemicraniectomy. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score at 28 days, 3 months, and 6 months. Bivariate analysis (chi-squared) was used to identify parameters that resulted in poor outcomes and multiple regression was used to identify independent factors predicting poor outcomes. Results:  85 patients were recruited. Functional outcomes were dichotomised as favourable (Glasgow Outcome Score of 4 – 5) and poor (Glasgow Outcome Score 1-3) and evaluated at 28 days, 3 and 6 months. A total of 59 patients expired (69.4%). Bivariate analysis revealed GCS 3 – 5 at presentation (P = 0.002), midline shift greater than 7.5mm (P < 0.001), the volume of the mass lesion more than 40ml (P = 0.006) resulted in a poor outcome. Age dichotomised to less than or more than 50 years bordered statistical significance (P = 0.063). Only GCS at presentation and midline shift were independent factors that predicted poor outcomes when controlling for covariates.  Conclusion:  Decompressive hemicraniectomy can be a lifesaving intervention in managing severe traumatic brain injury patients with traumatic mass lesions. However, its use needs to be employed judiciously.&nbsp

Brucellosis and its Diagnostic Techniques in Animals: a Comprehensive Review

Brucellosis is a highly zoonotic infection found in animals and human, it has a high death ratio and lifetime sterility rate. The rates of intra- and interspecific infections have dramatically increased in recent years as a result of inadequate management and scarce resources particularly in developing nations. In cattle, reduced milk yield and elevated body temperature are the primary indicators, whereas in humans, soaring fever, overall malaise, and arthritis are the hallmarks of late-term abortion. Despite the fact that this diseases in animals and humans found unclear clinically, it will leads towards the hindrance in diagnosing this infectious illness serologically, PCR is an only way to diagnose this illness accurately. In developing nations, brucellosis poses a significant risk to livestock and public health because of its intricate nature. With an emphasis on developing nations specifically, we outlined the most recent research, noteworthy developments, and difficulties in the management and immunization against brucellosis in this review

Intelligent IoT- and UAV-Assisted Architecture for Pipeline Monitoring in OGI

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in industrial application scenarios, oil and gas industry (OGI) automation is undergoing a remarkable transformation. Existing monitoring methods like IoT sensor-based surveillance offer accuracy but struggle with transmission inefficiency. Conversely, UAV-based surveillance enables seamless communication but limited sensing capabilities. This article addresses the challenges of latency, energy efficiency, and cost in state-of-the-art leakage detection technologies for OGI pipelines. A three-tier architecture is proposed, integrating IoT, UAVs, and artificial intelligence-empowered edge computing to enhance pipeline surveillance. We aim to propose specialized routing that addresses IoT energy and fault tolerance issues, while UAVs act as relays to transmit data efficiently to control centers, considering factors like UAV energy and data complexity. Intelligent edge services optimize data transmission, prolong UAV lifespan, and manage latency. Various use cases are explored, and open research challenges with potential solutions are presented

Acute kidney injury in lymphoma: a single centre experience

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common but least studied complication of lymphoma. Objective. To determine the frequency and predictors of AKI in lymphoma and to study the impact of AKI on hospital stay and mortality. Methods. Retrospective review of medical records of hospitalized lymphoma patients aged ≥14 years between January 2008 and December 2011 was done. Results. Out of 365 patients, AKI was present in 31.8% (116/365). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors for AKI included sepsis (odds ratio (OR) 3.76; 95% CI 1.83-7.72), aminoglycosides (OR 4.75; 95% CI 1.15-19.52), diuretics (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.31-6.69), tumor lysis syndrome (OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.54-9.59), and R-CVP regimen (OR 4.70; 95% CI 1.20-18.36). AKI stages 2 and 3 was associated with increased hospital stay (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.19-3.40). Conclusion. AKI was significantly associated with sepsis, aminoglycoside, diuretics, presence of tumor lysis syndrome, and use of R-CVP regimen. Presence of AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) stages 2 and 3 AKI had increased hospital stay. AKI was also associated with increased mortality