ANALISIS INVESTASI PADA ALAT BERAT TAMBANG DIPT. KALTIM PRIMA COAL SANGATTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari pada investasi yang direncanakan oleh PT. Kaltim Prima Coal.Dasar teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Manajemen Keuangan yang  berfokus pada Investasi Aktiva Tetap. Hipotesis penulisan ini adalah “Investasi alat berat tambangPT. Kaltim Prima Coal Sangat talayak untuk dilaksanakan dibandingakan dengan deposito sebesar USD 133,875,000”Hasil analisis dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa Investasi Aktiva Tetap dalam bentuk alat berat tambang yang berupa dump truk tipe EH5000 (Hitachi) layak dilakukan ditinjau dari metode Payback Period, Net Present Value, dan Profitability Index. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan hipotesis diterima,jika investasi alat berat tambang dump truck EH5000 (Hitachi) pada PT. Kaltim Prima Coal Sangatta dinilai dari aspek analisis Payback Period, Net Present Value, dan Profitability Index layak, sebaliknya hipotesis ditolak jika investasi alat berat tambang dump truck EH5000 (Hitachi) pada PT. Kaltim Prima Coal SangattadinilaidariaspekanalisisPayback Period,Net Present Value, danProfitability Indextidaklayak

Corrigendum: Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries

In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 2. Instead of “UniLaSalle, Transformations and Agroressources Research Unit, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France”, it should be “UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, ULR7519 - Transformations & Agro-resources, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.” The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated

Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries

Probiotics, like lactic acid bacteria, are non-pathogenic microbes that exert health benefits to the host when administered in adequate quantity. Currently, research is being conducted on the molecular events and applications of probiotics. The suggested mechanisms by which probiotics exert their action include; competitive exclusion of pathogens for adhesion sites, improvement of the intestinal mucosal barrier, gut immunomodulation, and neurotransmitter synthesis. This review emphasizes the recent advances in the health benefits of probiotics and the emerging applications of probiotics in the food industry. Due to their capability to modulate gut microbiota and attenuate the immune system, probiotics could be used as an adjuvant in hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, and gastrointestinal diseases. Considering the functional properties, probiotics are being used in the dairy, beverage, and baking industries. After developing the latest techniques by researchers, probiotics can now survive within harsh processing conditions and withstand GI stresses quite effectively. Thus, the potential of probiotics can efficiently be utilized on a commercial scale in food processing industries

Corrigendum: Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries

In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 2. Instead of “UniLaSalle, Transformations and Agroressources Research Unit, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France”, it should be “UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, ULR7519 - Transformations & Agro-resources, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.” The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries

Probiotics, like lactic acid bacteria, are non-pathogenic microbes that exert health benefits to the host when administered in adequate quantity. Currently, research is being conducted on the molecular events and applications of probiotics. The suggested mechanisms by which probiotics exert their action include; competitive exclusion of pathogens for adhesion sites, improvement of the intestinal mucosal barrier, gut immunomodulation, and neurotransmitter synthesis. This review emphasizes the recent advances in the health benefits of probiotics and the emerging applications of probiotics in the food industry. Due to their capability to modulate gut microbiota and attenuate the immune system, probiotics could be used as an adjuvant in hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, and gastrointestinal diseases. Considering the functional properties, probiotics are being used in the dairy, beverage, and baking industries. After developing the latest techniques by researchers, probiotics can now survive within harsh processing conditions and withstand GI stresses quite effectively. Thus, the potential of probiotics can efficiently be utilized on a commercial scale in food processing industries

Modeling, Quantifying and Visualizing Media Bias on Twitter

News media garner a lot of attention regarding the subjectivity of their reporting. News media bias is of immense interest to various individuals, as the systematic preference of an entity can invoke its support and public actions. These inclinations, although apparent, hinder the true facts. The identification and quantification of media bias is one of the most important metrics in reference to bias assessment in media and general public. In this paper, we present a principled approach to quantify media bias along with insightful visualizations for popular media sources using their tweets. We use the concept of a mini-world of N $\times$ M matrix to model the sources and entities of interest, where the tweet counts and respective polarities over a specified time period are the values. Direct comparisons between these two are not as meaningful due to the neglection of inherent characteristics of sources and entities. Thus, we define coverage and statement scores as properly normalized measures of tweet counts and polarity rates. Furthermore, we present a statistically consistent model of neutral tweet counts and polarity rates, using which we define the absolute coverage and statement bias of each source-entity pair. We illustrate our approach on two data sets capturing tweets on 1) Prime minister candidates of top political parties of Pakistan in the 2018 general election 2) Paris and Beirut bombings in 2015 by different news sources. The results indicate that our model is generalizable i.e. it can be applied to different entities/sources and in consistent with previous studies

Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Animal Brucellosis in Central Punjab, Pakistan

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of animals and humans caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Brucellae are Gram-negative intracellular bacteria which infect a wide variety of animals including goats, sheep, buffaloes, cows, pigs, and wildlife. The objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of brucellosis in Central Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1083 blood samples of goats, sheep, buffaloes, and cows were collected from 38 villages of four districts (Kasur, Faisalabad, Lahore, and Okara) of Punjab, Pakistan, and screened for brucellosis by Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and PCR confirmed. Epidemiological, demographic data and GPS coordinates for every sample were collected. By using interpolation of the Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System (Arc GIS), a surface plot was generated applying inverse distance weight (IDW). It was found that 35 (3.23%) serum samples were positive for brucellosis. In eight (61.5%), six (75%), seven (87.5%), and eight (89%) villages, positive goats, sheep, buffaloes, and cattle were detected, respectively. In general, older animals are more often positive for brucellosis. In goats bucks were more often RBPT positive than females while in sheep, buffaloes, and cattle more females were positive. The spatial distribution of brucellosis shows that it is widely distributed in the western region of the study area in goats and in the South-West region in sheep. Similarly, for buffaloes it is restricted to the south-east and north-west regions, and in cattle brucellosis is present in western region of study area only. Reflected by this study, brucellosis poses a risk for livestock in developing countries due to lack of awareness by officials, owners, and consumers, and control measures are missing. A risk map of brucellosis was generated to develop effective strategies for awareness rising and to improve the quality of control programs in Pakistan

Case Report: Biallelic Variant in the tRNA Methyltransferase Domain of the AlkB Homolog 8 Causes Syndromic Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) has become very common and is an extremely heterogeneous disorder, where the patients face many challenges with deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. A single affected family revealed severe disease phenotypes such as ID, developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, postaxial polydactyly type B, and speech impairment. DNA of a single affected individual was directly subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), followed by Sanger sequencing. Data analysis revealed a novel biallelic missense variant (c.1511G>C; p.(Trp504Ser)) in the ALKBH8 gene, which plays a significant role in tRNA modifications. Our finding adds another variant to the growing list of ALKBH8-associated tRNA modifications causing ID and additional phenotypic manifestations. The present study depicts the key role of the genes associated with tRNA modifications, such as ALKBH8, in the development and pathophysiology of the human brain

329: Assessing national critical care capacity: A snapshot of facilities across Pakistan

Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic threatens to strain health care systems worldwide, the presence of gaps in the global critical care capacity has become glaringly obvious, particularly in less developed countries like Pakistan. To identify existing gaps, an assessment of the critical care units across Pakistan was carried out.Methods: A novel checklist for assessing critical care units was developed based on the Partners in Health 4S Framework. Our checklist evaluated the following key components: Space/Infrastructure, Staffing, Stuff/Equipment, and Systems/Protocols. A series of surveys was conducted using telephonic and on-site interviews at hospitals identified by the Ministry of Health in Pakistan.Results: Critical care facilities at 53 hospitals were surveyed. The majority were from the public sector (62%) and located in metropolitan cities (62%). In terms of infrastructure, the majority of units were adequate, with gaps primarily being identified for negative-pressure rooms (21%), donning-doffing areas (58%) and isolation rooms (64%). In terms of staffing, the majority of hospitals had trainee doctors (94%) and nursing staff (100%) available, with gaps being identified in terms of presence of qualified intensivists (47%) and ancillary staff (ethicists – 17%, dietitians – 45%). Furthermore, an adequate nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:2 or 1:3 was only present in 53% of the hospitals. Equipment was present in the majority of facilities including ventilators (96%, n=9.7±1.1) and BIPAP machines (85%, n=4.5±0.6), with a relative lack of high-flow nasal cannulas (64%, n=3.2±0.9). More than 80% of hospitals had protocols in place for COVID-19 management and staffing, but fewer had them for patient surge (60%), clinician credentialing (58%) and risk mitigation (49%). On chi-square analysis, statistically significant differences (p\u3c0.05) were noted between public and private sectors as well as metropolitan and rural hospitals in terms of availability of negative pressure rooms, ancillary staff like dietitians, and optimal nurse-to-patient ratio.Conclusions: The results from this study will be pivotal to guide policy makers in devising strategies for improving the quality of critical care units across Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

329: Assessing National Critical Care Capacity: A Snapshot of Facilities Across Pakistan

Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic threatens to strain health care systems worldwide, the presence of gaps in the global critical care capacity has become glaringly obvious, particularly in less developed countries like Pakistan. To identify existing gaps, an assessment of the critical care units across Pakistan was carried out.Methods: A novel checklist for assessing critical care units was developed based on the Partners in Health 4S Framework. Our checklist evaluated the following key components: Space/Infrastructure, Staffing, Stuff/Equipment, and Systems/Protocols. A series of surveys was conducted using telephonic and on-site interviews at hospitals identified by the Ministry of Health in Pakistan.Results: Critical care facilities at 53 hospitals were surveyed. The majority were from the public sector (62%) and located in metropolitan cities (62%). In terms of infrastructure, the majority of units were adequate, with gaps primarily being identified for negative-pressure rooms (21%), donning-doffing areas (58%) and isolation rooms (64%). In terms of staffing, the majority of hospitals had trainee doctors (94%) and nursing staff (100%) available, with gaps being identified in terms of presence of qualified intensivists (47%) and ancillary staff (ethicists – 17%, dietitians – 45%). Furthermore, an adequate nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:2 or 1:3 was only present in 53% of the hospitals. Equipment was present in the majority of facilities including ventilators (96%, n=9.7±1.1) and BIPAP machines (85%, n=4.5±0.6), with a relative lack of high-flow nasal cannulas (64%, n=3.2±0.9). More than 80% of hospitals had protocols in place for COVID-19 management and staffing, but fewer had them for patient surge (60%), clinician credentialing (58%) and risk mitigation (49%). On chi-square analysis, statistically significant differences (p\u3c0.05) were noted between public and private sectors as well as metropolitan and rural hospitals in terms of availability of negative pressure rooms, ancillary staff like dietitians, and optimal nurse-to-patient ratio.Conclusions: The results from this study will be pivotal to guide policy makers in devising strategies for improving the quality of critical care units across Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond