Effects of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles Supplementation of Smooth Bromegrass Hay on Hay Intake and Digestibility

In fall 2006, a digestion trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing amounts of DDGS with smooth bromegrass hay on diet intake and digestibility. Three steers (737 lb) were placed in metabolism stalls in an environment controlled room and fed smooth bromegrass hay with DDGS at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% BW in successive periods. Each period consisted of 10-day adjustment and 5- day collection phases. During the adjustment and collection phases, smooth bromegrass hay was fed at 110 and 100% of ad libitum intake, respectively, with water available at all times. During collection, feeds, total feces, and urine were collected and sub-sampled. Increasing the amount of DDGS fed increased total DM intake and digestibility, but decreased hay DM intake according to the equation: y=- 0.0017 + 0.9812x -0.4582x 2 where y is the amount of forage intake substituted by DDGS intake and x is the DDGS intake as a percentage of BW. Supplementation of grazing cattle with DDGS can be used to increase diet digestibility while reducing forage intake and, thereby, extending pasture acres

Leucocyte numbers in normal and dwarf beef cattle before and after insulin injection

This bulletin reports on Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station research project 198, Cattle Improvement--P. [2].Includes bibliographical references (page 31)

Blood sugar level in normal and dwarf beef cattle before and after insulin injections

Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (pages 30-31)

Dwarfism in beef cattle and the influence of dwarfism genes on physiological response to hormone-induced stress

This bulletin reports on Department of Animal Husbandry research project 198, 'Improvement of Beef Cattle Through Breeding'--P. [2].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (pages 50-55)

Effects of Distillers Dried Grains Supplementation of Fall-calving Cows or Calves Grazing Stockpiled Forage Over Winter on Performance of Calves in a Pasture-based Finishing Program in the Subsequent Summer (Progress Report)

In April 2006, 24 weaned fall calves from cows that grazed stockpiled forage in the previous winter with minimal supplementation of the cows or calves, minimal supplementation of the cows, but supplementation of the calves with a distillers dried grains (DDGS) and soy hullbased creep feed, or supplementation of the cows with DDGS to maintain a BCS of 5 were moved to a 40-acre smooth bromegrass pasture divided into eight 5-acre paddocks. Calves were rotationally stocked as one group for 56 days. Their dams grazed after the calves in a first-last grazing system for the last 28 days of this period. Steers were separated into the original treatment groups, allotted to six of the 5-acre paddocks, and supplemented with DDGS-based supplement at up to 16 lb/hd/d. Steers were harvested when 75% of the steers in each pen were estimated to achieve a choice quality grade with ultrasound. Average daily gains of calves when stocked in pastures were not affected by winter supplementation treatment. But when fed in feedlot pens, average daily gains of calves were greater (P \u3c 0.10) for creep-fed calves than calves from the other winter treatments. Mean live weight and carcass weights, backfat thickness, ribeye area, and marbling score were 1329, 785 lb, 0.38 in, 12.4 in. 2 , and Small 20 and did not differ between treatments. Results imply that fall-calving cows grazing stockpiled forage may receive minimal supplementation during the winter without adversely affecting subsequent performance of their calves in a growing-finishing system

Distillers Dried Grains Supplementation of Fall-calving Cows or Calves Grazing Stockpiled Forage During Winter (Progress Report)

Six 10-acre pastures containing Fawn endophyte-free tall fescue were strip-grazed by 4 pregnant fall-calving cows with calves from mid-November through March. Treatments applied to the cows in the six pastures included: Minimal supplementation (Minimal treatment), creep feeding a DDGS-soy hull pellet to calves (Creep treatment), or DDGS supplementation to cows (DDGS treatment). Cow weights and body condition scores and calf weights were measured over the winter grazing season. Over the season, calves in the Creep treatment had greater body weight gains than calves in the DDGS and Minimal treatments (3.1, 2.3, and 2.2 lbs/day, respectively). Partly because of a dry period while stockpiling forage and cold temperatures combined with snow and ice in late winter, cows in the Minimal and Creep treatments received 392 lb DDGS/cow over the grazing season compared to 948 lb DDGS/cow in DDGS treatment. As a result, there were no significant differences in cow BW or BCS between treatments throughout the winter grazing season. No significant differences were found in forage mass or the concentrations of CP, ADF, NDF, ADIN, or IVDMD of pasture samples collected before or during winter grazing between treatments. Results imply that creep feeding a corn-soy hull pellet will increase calf body weight gains. However, neither creep feeding calves nor supplementing DDGS to cows to maintain a condition score of 5 affects body weights or condition scores of cows grazing stockpiled forages in comparison to cows that are supplemented only when necessary because of excessive cold or ice

Value of beef performance records

John W. Massey, James E. Ross, and John F. Lasley (Department of Animal Husbandry, College of Agriculture)Rev. 7/78/S

Detection of xenoestrogens in serum after immunoprecipitation of endogenous steroidal estrogens.

In this article we report a simple and efficient method for detecting nonsteroidal estrogens in a biologic sample. This method uses polyclonal antibodies to estradiol (E2) to immunoprecipitate these major biologically active steroidal estrogens, leaving behind the nonsteroidal estrogens, which are then detected in a cell-based transcriptional activation bioassay for estrogen receptor agonist. The immunoprecipitation method efficiently removed 99% of radiolabeled E2 and estrone (E1) from human serum. In experiments in which supraphysiologic concentrations of E2 and E1 to human serum, all of the immunoreactive estrogens were still removed by the immunoprecipitation protocol. We carried out an in vivo validation study of this method in which we treated female macaques with the xenoestrogen nonylphenol (NP), during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. We used blood samples collected before and after treatment to evaluate and characterize endogenous and exogenous serum estrogens. An immunoassay for E2 did not detect the NP in treated monkeys. The cell-based bioassay also did not detect the estrogenic activity of NP because of its saturation by the endogenous serum steroidal estrogens. However, when steroidal estrogens were removed by immunoprecipitation, we detected the estrogenic activity of NP in the bioassay. Thus, this approach is appropriate for detecting exogenous, nonsteroidal estrogens in serum samples

Bone resorption is affected by follicular phase length in female rotating shift workers.

Stressors as subtle as night work or shift work can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, and changes in reproductive hormone profiles can adversely affect bone health. This study was conducted to determine if stresses associated with the disruption of regular work schedule can induce alterations in ovarian function which, in turn, are associated with transient bone resorption. Urine samples from 12 rotating shift workers from a textile mill in Anqing, China, were collected in 1996-1998 during pairs of sequential menstrual cycles, of which one was longer than the other (28.4 vs. 37.4 days). Longer cycles were characterized by a prolonged follicular phase. Work schedules during the luteal-follicular phase transition (LFPT) preceding each of the two cycles were evaluated. All but one of the shorter cycles were associated with regular, forward phase work shift progression during the preceding LFPT. In contrast, five longer cycles were preceded by a work shift interrupted either by an irregular shift or a number of "off days." Urinary follicle-stimulating hormone levels were reduced in the LFPT preceding longer cycles compared with those in the LFPT preceding shorter cycles. There was greater bone resorption in the follicular phase of longer cycles than in that of shorter cycles, as measured by urinary deoxypyridinoline. These data confirm reports that changes in work shift can lead to irregularity in menstrual cycle length. In addition, these data indicate that there may be an association between accelerated bone resorption in menstrual cycles and changes of regularity in work schedule during the preceding LFPT

Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Levels of Urinary Hormone Markers

Our recent study showed a dose–response relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the risk of early pregnancy loss. Smoking is known to affect female reproductive hormones. We explored whether ETS affects reproductive hormone profiles as characterized by urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) and estrone conjugate (E(1)C) levels. We prospectively studied 371 healthy newly married nonsmoking women in China who intended to conceive and had stopped contraception. Daily records of vaginal bleeding, active and passive cigarette smoking, and daily first-morning urine specimens were collected for up to 1 year or until a clinical pregnancy was achieved. We determined the day of ovulation for each menstrual cycle. The effects of ETS exposure on daily urinary PdG and E(1)C levels in a ±10 day window around the day of ovulation were analyzed for conception and nonconception cycles, respectively. Our analysis included 344 nonconception cycles and 329 conception cycles. In nonconception cycles, cycles with ETS exposure had significantly lower urinary E(1)C levels (β= –0.43, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001 in log scale) compared with the cycles without ETS exposure. There was no significant difference in urinary PdG levels in cycles having ETS exposure (β= –0.07, SE = 0.15, p = 0.637 in log scale) compared with no ETS exposure. Among conception cycles, there were no significant differences in E(1)C and PdG levels between ETS exposure and nonexposure. In conclusion, ETS exposure was associated with significantly lower urinary E(1)C levels among nonconception cycles, suggesting that the adverse reproductive effect of ETS may act partly through its antiestrogen effects