Medindo relações com investidores e comunicação financeira: teste empírico das escalas de relações públicas

Os modelos de relações públicas tornaram-se um dos paradigmas mais pesquisados no campo das relações públicas. No entanto, depois que os modelos foram reconceituados em dimensões, os pesquisadores focados no desenvolvimento de modelos/dimensões praticamente desapareceram. Este estudo, entretanto, põe à prova os modelos/dimensões reconceituados: as escalas de relações públicas. Este estudo relata o primeiro teste empírico das escalas de relações públicas, aplicando-as a uma das especializações de relações públicas, as relações com investidores.Models of public relations became one of the most researched paradigms in public relations. Yet, after their reconceptualization into dimensions, researchers focused on developing models/dimensions virtually disappeared. This study proposes to continue this research by reconceptualizing models/dimensions into the public relations scales. This paper reports the first empirical test of the Scales of Public Relations by applying them to one of PR specializations – investor relations.Los modelos de relaciones públicas se han convertido en uno de los paradigmas más investigados en el campo de las relaciones públicas. Sin embargo, luego de que los modelos fueron reconceptualizados en dimensiones, los investigadores enfocados en el desarrollo de modelos/dimensiones prácticamente desaparecieron. Este estudio, sin embargo, pone a prueba los modelos/ dimensiones reconceptualizados: las Escalas de Relaciones Públicas. Este estudio reporta la primera prueba empírica de las Escalas de Relaciones Públicas, aplicándolas a una de las especialidades de las relaciones públicas, las relaciones con inversionistas

Refractive beam shapers for material processing with high power single mode and multimode lasers

ABSTRACT The high power multimode fiber-coupled laser sources, like solid state lasers or laser diodes as well as single mode and multimode fiber lasers, are now widely used in various industrial laser material processing technologies like metal or plastics welding, cladding, hardening, brazing, annealing. Performance of these technologies can be essentially improved by varying the irradiance profile of a laser beam with using beam shaping optics, for example, the field mapping refractive beam shapers like piShaper. Operational principle of these devices presumes transformation of laser beam irradiance distribution from Gaussian to flattop, super-Gauss, or inverse-Gauss profile with high flatness of output wave front, conserving of beam consistency, providing collimated output beam of low divergence, high transmittance, extended depth of field. Important feature of piShaper is in capability to operate with TEM 00 and multimode lasers, the beam shapers can be implemented not only as telescopic optics but also as collimating systems, which can be connected directly to fiber-coupled lasers or fiber lasers, thus combining functions of beam collimation and irradiance transformation. This paper will describe some features of beam shaping of high-power laser sources, including multimode fiber coupled lasers, and ways of adaptation of beam shaping optical systems design to meet requirements of modern laser technologies. Examples of real implementations will be presented as well

Relaciones públicas: ¡todavía mucho a ser explotado!

Entrevistado por: Valéria de Siqueira C. Lopes, Paulo Nassar e Luiz Alberto de FariasEntrevistado por: Valéria de Siqueira C. Lopes, Paulo Nassar e Luiz Alberto de Faria

Molecular composition and photochemical lifetimes of brown carbon chromophores in biomass burning organic aerosol

To better understand the effects of wildfires on air quality and climate, it is important to assess the occurrence of chromophoric compounds in smoke and characterize their optical properties. This study explores the molecular composition of light-absorbing organic aerosol, or brown carbon (BrC), sampled at the Missoula Fire Sciences laboratory as a part of the FIREX Fall 2016 lab intensive. A total of 12 biomass fuels from different plant types were tested, including gymnosperm (coniferous) and angiosperm (flowering) plants and different ecosystem components such as duff, litter, and canopy. Emitted biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) particles were collected onto Teflon filters and analyzed offline using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array spectrophotometer and a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HPLC-PDA-HRMS). Separated BrC chromophores were classified by their retention times, absorption spectra, integrated absorbance in the near-UV and visible spectral range (300-700 nm), and chemical formulas from the accurate m/z measurements. BrC chromophores were grouped into the following classes and subclasses: lignin-derived products, which include lignin pyrolysis products; distillation products, which include coumarins and flavonoids; nitroaromatics; and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The observed classes and subclasses were common across most fuel types, although specific BrC chromophores varied based on plant type (gymnosperm or angiosperm) and ecosystem component(s) burned. To study the stability of the observed BrC compounds with respect to photodegradation, BBOA particle samples were irradiated directly on filters with near UV (300-400 nm) radiation, followed by extraction and HPLC-PDA-HRMS analysis. Lifetimes of individual BrC chromophores depended on the fuel type and the corresponding combustion condition. Lignin-derived and flavonoid classes of BrC generally had the longest lifetimes with respect to UV photodegradation. Moreover, lifetimes for the same type of BrC chromophores varied depending on biomass fuel and combustion conditions. While individual BrC chromophores disappeared on a timescale of several days, the overall light absorption by the sample persisted longer, presumably because the condensed-phase photochemical processes converted one set of chromophores into another without complete photobleaching or from undetected BrC chromophores that photobleached more slowly. To model the effect of BrC on climate, it is important to understand the change in the overall absorption coefficient with time. We measured the equivalent atmospheric lifetimes of the overall BrC absorption coefficient, which ranged from 10 to 41 d, with subalpine fir having the shortest lifetime and conifer canopies, i.e., juniper, having the longest lifetime. BrC emitted from biomass fuel loads encompassing multiple ecosystem components (litter, shrub, canopy) had absorption lifetimes on the lower end of the range. These results indicate that photobleaching of BBOA by condensed-phase photochemistry is relatively slow. Competing chemical aging mechanisms, such as heterogeneous oxidation by OH, may be more important for controlling the rate of BrC photobleaching in BBOA

Congressional Agenda-Building: Examining the Influence of Congressional Communications from the Speaker of the House

This study explored the role of the Speaker of the House in shaping the salience of political issues and attributes in news media coverage and policymaking in 2007. Specifically, it analyzed 533 press releases, 433 news articles, and 47 daily Congressional calendars of business. Significant correlations were found supporting traditional first-level and second-level agenda-building linkages between Congressional communications and media coverage; whereas no relationships were found between issue or attribute salience in news releases and actual Congressional activities. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed

Microphysical properties of atmospheric soot and organic particles:measurements, modeling, and impacts

Atmospheric soot and organic particles from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning modify Earth’s climate through their interactions with solar radiation and through modifications of cloud properties by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles. Recent advancements in understanding their individual properties and microscopic composition have led to heightened interest in their microphysical properties. This review article provides an overview of current advanced microscopic measurements and offers insights into future avenues for studying microphysical properties of these particles. To quantify soot morphology and ageing, fractal dimension (Df) is a commonly employed quantitative metric which allows to characterize morphologies of soot aggregates and their modifications in relation to ageing factors like internal mixing state, core-shell structures, phase, and composition heterogeneity. Models have been developed to incorporate Df and mixing diversity metrics of aged soot particles, enabling quantitative assessment of their optical absorption and radiative forcing effects. The microphysical properties of soot and organic particles are complex and they are influenced by particle sources, ageing process, and meteorological conditions. Furthermore, soluble organic particles exhibit diverse forms and can engage in liquid–liquid phase separation with sulfate and nitrate components. Primary carbonaceous particles such as tar balls and soot warrant further attention due to their strong light absorbing properties, presence of toxic organic constituents, and small size, which can impact human health. Future research needs include both atmospheric measurements and modeling approaches, focusing on changes in the mixing structures of soot and organic particle ensembles, their effects on climate dynamics and human health

Optical properties and composition of viscous organic particles found in the Southern Great Plains

Atmospheric high-viscosity organic particles (HVOPs) were observed in samples of ambient aerosols collected in April and May 2016 in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. These particles were apportioned as either airborne soil organic particles (ASOPs) or tar balls (TBs) from biomass burning based on spetro-microscopic imaging and assessments of meteorological records of smoke and precipitation data. Regardless of their apportionment, the number fractions of HVOPs were positively correlated (R2=0.85) with increased values of absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) measured in situ for ambient aerosol at the site. Extending this correlation to 100 % HVOPs yields an AAE of 2.6, similar to previous literature reports of the class of light-absorbing organic particles known as brown carbon (BrC). One out of the three samples investigated had a significant number of ASOPs, while the other two samples contained TBs. Although there are chemical similarities between ASOPs and TBs, they can be distinguished based on composition inferred from near-edge absorption X-ray fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. ASOPs were distinguished from TBs based on their average − COOH/C = C and − COOH/COH peak ratios, with ASOPs having lower ratios. NEXAFS spectra of filtered soil organic brine particles nebulized from field samples of standing water deposited after rain were consistent with ASOPs when laboratory particles were generated by bubble bursting at the air–organic brine interface. However, particles generated by nebulizing the bulk volume of soil organic brine had a particle composition different from ASOPs. These observations are consistent with the raindrop generation mechanism responsible for ASOP emissions in the area of study. In contrast, nebulized samples carry with them higher fractions of soil inorganics dissolved in the bulk volume of soil brine, which are not aerosolized by the raindrop mechanism. Our results support the bubble bursting mechanism of particle generation during rainfall resulting in the ejection of soil organics into the atmosphere. In addition, our results show that ASOPs may only be atmospherically relevant during times when suitable emission conditions are met