Bibliokonseling Meaning Of Life Budaya Dayak Kenyah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk panduan bibliokonseling bermuatan nilai budaya Dayak Kenyah untuk pemenuhan meaning of life siswa SMA. Prosedur penelitian dan pengembangan ini menggunakan model Borg & Gall. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian para ahli dan calon pengguna telah memenuhi kriteria kegunaan, kelayakan, ketepatan dan kemenarikan. Produk panduan bibliokonseling bermuatan nilai budaya Dayak Kenyah untuk pemenuhan meaning of life siswa SMA dapat dinyatakan sebagai produk yang layak untuk digunakan kegiatan bibliokonseling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki kategori rendah dari hasil pretest, setelah diberikan perlakuan terdapat hasil posttest siswa telah mencapai nilai meaning of life yang tinggi

Mechanisms and Consequences of Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes: From Barbara McClintock to Modern Genetic-Counseling Issues

Supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) are common, but their molecular content and mechanism of origin are often not precisely characterized. We analyzed all centromere regions to identify the junction between the unique chromosome arm and the pericentromeric repeats. A molecular-ruler clone panel for each chromosome arm was developed and used for the design of a custom oligonucleotide array. Of 27 nonsatellited SMCs analyzed by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), seven (approximately 26%) were shown to be unique sequence negative. Of the 20 unique-sequence-positive SMCs, the average unique DNA content was approximately 6.5 Mb (range 0.3–22.2 Mb) and 33 known genes (range 0–149). Of the 14 informative nonacrocentric SMCs, five (approximately 36%) contained unique DNA from both the p and q arms, whereas nine (approximately 64%) contained unique DNA from only one arm. The latter cases are consistent with ring-chromosome formation by centromere misdivision, as first described by McClintock in maize. In one case, a r(4) containing approximately 4.4 Mb of unique DNA from 4p was also present in the proband's mother. However, FISH revealed a cryptic deletion in one chromosome 4 and reduced alpha satellite in the del(4) and r(4), indicating that the mother was a balanced ring and deletion carrier. Our data, and recent reports in the literature, suggest that this “McClintock mechanism” of small-ring formation might be the predominant mechanism of origin. Comprehensive analysis of SMCs by aCGH and FISH can distinguish unique-negative from unique-positive cases, determine the precise gene content, and provide information on mechanism of origin, inheritance, and recurrence risk