When a proton attacks cellobiose in the gas phase: ab initio molecular dynamics simulations

Investigations of reaction pathways between a proton and cellobiose (CB), a glucose disaccharide of importance, were carried out in cis and trans CB using Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations starting from optimized configurations where the proton is initially placed near groups with affinity for it. Near and above 300 K, protonated CB (H(+)CB) undergoes several transient reactions including charge transfer to the sugar backbone, water formation and dehydration, ring breaking and glycosidic bond breaking events as well as mutarotation and ring puckering events, all on a 10 ps timescale. cis H(+)CB is energetically favoured over trans H(+)CB in vacuo, with an energy gap larger than for the neutral CB

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

Upplevd transfer av utbildning om fysisk aktivitet hos anställda i försvarsmakten

Trots att organisationer satsar alltmer på utbildningsinsatser, står det inom forskningen fortfarande oklart vad som leder till faktisk förändring i det fortsatta arbetet. I denna studie undersökte vi utifrån Baldwin och Fords transfermodell vilka individ-, design- och miljöfaktorer som förklarade en grupp  Försvarsmaktsanställdas upplevda kunskapsinhämtning och transfer efter genomförd utbildningsinsats. Detta skedde med Self-Determination Theory (SDT) som teoretiskt ramverk genom en enkätundersökning. För kunskap var autonom motivation (AM), kontrollerad motivation (KM), upplevelse av autonomifrämjande implementering samt behovsstöd från chef förklarande faktorer. För transfer var autonom motivation, upplevelse av autonomifrämjande implementering samt kunskap förklarande faktorer. Studien gav stöd för att SDT går att använda för att förklara upplevd transfer samt visar på viktiga implikationer för organisationer att beakta inför, under och efter framtida utbildningsinsatser. Although organizations increasingly have been focusing on training, the research is still unclear on what leads to actual change in future work. In this study, we have investigated Baldwin and Ford's model of transfer of training and which individual-, design- and environmental factors that have explained a group of Armed Forces Employees’ perceived knowledge acquisition and transfer after completing training. This was done with the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as theoretical framework. For knowledge we found autonomous motivation (AM), controlled motivation (KM), Experience of autonomy promotion and Needs Support from the manager to be explanatory factors. Explanatory factors for perceived transfer were autonomous motivation, experience of autonomy promotion and knowledge. In the current study we have found support for SDT to be able to explain experience of transfer, something organizations need to consider before, during and after training