Om elevers reaksjoner på dramatiske TV-nyheter : En kvalitativ undersøkelse blant 10. klassinger

Master i spesialpedagogik

OVERSIKTSMESSIG VURDERING AV LUFTFORURENSNINGER VED PLANLAGT VEISYSTEM I GAMLEBYEN/VÅLERENGA/TØYEN I OSLO

Vurderingen viser at det nye planlagte veisystem stort sett vil redusere den luftforurensning fra vegtrafikken som beboere i Gamlebyen/Vålerenga i dag er utsatt for. En har pekt på forurensningsmessig kritiske punkter ved de forskjellige alternative veisystem som er lagt fram

Sakper nyheter engstelse? : en undersøkelse om nyheter og påvirkning blant publikum og medieansatte

SAMMENDRAG Denne hovedfagsoppgaven viser at om lag 183 000 nordmenn hver dag er engstelige som følge av nyheter om krig, terror, kriminalitet og naturkatastrofer. Denne konklusjonen bygger på en landsomfattende undersøkelse der jeg har undersøkt hypotesen om at hendelsesbaserte nyheter om krig, terror, kriminalitet og naturkatastrofer kan gjøre publikum engstelige. Undersøkelsen ble gjennomført med økonomisk støtte fra Rådet for anvendt medieforskning i uke 46 2004. Undersøkelsen omfatter 700 personer fordelt på 600 fra publikum og 100 medieansatte. De er telefonintervjuet av TNS Gallup på basis av spørreskjema som jeg har utarbeidet. Svarene fra publikum og medieansatte har jeg brukt for å finne ut hvordan de reagerer på hendelsesbaserte nyheter. I tillegg har jeg dybdeintervjuet andre tilfeldig utvalgte fra publikum og medieansatte. Disse dybdeintervjuene ble gjennomført for å få mer detaljert kunnskap til bruk i analysen av funn fra den landsomfattende spørreundersøkelsen. SUMMARY This assignment for the master s degree shows that every day about 183 000 Norwegians are anxious as a result of the news they get about current events such as war, terror, crime and natural disasters. This conclusion is built on an extensive investigation carried out in Norway where I have looked into the hypothesis that news based on events from war, terror, crime and natural disasters can make people anxious. The investigation was carried out with economic support from Rådet for anvendt medieforskning (The council for applied media research) during week 46, 2004. The investigation comprises 700 persons, of whom 600 come from the public and 100 from the media. The interviews were carried out by phone by TNS Gallup on the basis of a questionnaire prepared by me. I have used the answers from the public and the media to find out how people react to the news about current events. In addition I have made in-depth interviews with other people from the public and the media chosen at random. These in-depth interviews were carried out in order to get more detailed knowledge to help me in the analysis of the findings from the extensive investigation

NILUs overvåkingsprogrammer for SFT. Stasjonsbeskrivelser pr. 1.5.1990.

Rapporten gir en oversikt over målestasjoner som inngår i NILUs måleprogrammer for SFT under Statlig program for forurensningsovervåking. For hver stasjon er det gitt en beskrivelse av plasseringen og forhold som har betydning for vurderingen av representativiteten

Air pollution reduction during China's 11th Five-Year Plan period—local implementation and achievements in Shanxi province

Facing the increasing environmental degradation locally and globally, the Chinese government set mandatory goals of 10% reduction of SO2 emission in its 11th Five-Year Plan period (FYP, 2006–2010). In this paper we use Shanxi province to illustrate how policies and measures are implemented in practice at a provincial level as a response to the National FYP issued by the central government. Local policies are described and their effects are analyzed. We find that the 11th FYP goal for SO2 pollution reduction in Shanxi has been surpassed. SO2 reduction from estimated baseline level was calculated for the FYP period in order to identify which sectors have had the largest reductions. Regarding SO2, we find that Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) in power plants has been the most important, while either the FGD operation rate or the efficiency, or both, are much lower in practice than officially required. SO2 emission reduction from closing down outdated production capacity is small according to our estimates. This is due to the comparatively small use of coal in the units being closed down in Shanxi. Necessary steps to achieve the targets in the 12th FYP are briefly discusse

The assessment of health damage caused by air pollution and its implication for policy making in Taiyuan, Shanxi, China

We establish the link between energy use, air pollution, and public health impacts in Taiyuan for 2000, and for 2010 and 2015 under alternative scenarios. We find that in year 2000 more than 2200 excess deaths may have been caused by particulate matter (PM) pollution. Using alternative methods for monetization of health impacts the total health damage amounts to 0.8-1.7 billion Yuan, which is 2.4-4.9% of the city's GDP in 2000. Compared to the business-as-usual scenario, scenarios assuming extensive fuel switch in low-and-medium-stack pollution sources and extension of the district heating system could prevent 200-1100 PM10-related premature deaths in 2010 and substantially reduce population morbidity. The actual PM pollution in 2007 was lower than modeled in these two scenarios. We also find that if air quality in urban Taiyuan were to reach the Chinese National Grade II Standard in 2015, the number of premature deaths would still be around 1330 and the economic cost about 1-2% of the city's GDP in 2015. Our results imply that there are large health benefits to be gained by setting stricter standards for the future in China, and that targeting low-and-medium-stack source effectively reduces health damage.Air pollution Health impacts Control scenarios

The study of traffic hotspot air quality and street scale modelling in the Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) Project

The introduction of local scale analysis in Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) requires an evaluation of road transport emission factors and local scale air quality models. The comparison of PM10 and PM2.5 over NOx delta (street level minus background) concentration ratios against emission ratio estimates, confirms the appropriateness of the COPERT methodology. The comparison also reveals the non-exhaust coarse fraction source in Stockholm to be three times the fine fraction in summer, but seven times that in winter. In London it is twice the fine fraction. The model intercomparison study shows that simple street canyon models can be sufficient for use in IAM. Copyright © 2009, Inderscience Publishers

Origin and patterns of distribution of trace elements in street dust. Unleaded petrol and urban lead

The elemental composition, patterns of distribution and possible sources of street dust are not common to all urban environments, but vary according to the peculiarities of each city. The common features and dissimilarities in the origin and nature of street dust were investigated through a series of studies in two widely different cities, Madrid (Spain) and Oslo (Norway), between 1990 and 1994. The most comprehensive sampling campaign was carried out in the Norwegian capital during the summer of 1994. An area of 14 km2, covering most of downtown Oslo and some residential districts to the north of the city, was divided into 1 km2 mapping units, and 16 sampling increments of approximately 150 g were collected from streets and roads in each of them. The fraction below 100 μm was acid-digested and analysed by ICP-MS. Statistical analyses of the results suggest that chemical elements in street dust can be classified into three groups: “urban” elements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mg, Pb, Sb, Ti, Zn), “natural” elements (Al, Ga, La, Mn, Na, Sr, Th, Y) and elements of a mixed origin or which have undergone geochemical changes from their original sources (Ca, Cs, Fe, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sr, U). Soil resuspension and/or mobilisation appears to be the most important source of “natural” elements, while “urban” elements originate primarily from traffic and from the weathering and corrosion of building materials. The data for Pb seem to prove that the gradual shift from leaded to unleaded petrol as fuel for automobiles has resulted in an almost proportional reduction in the concentration of Pb in dust particles under 100 μm. This fact and the spatial distribution of Pb in the city strongly suggest that lead sources other than traffic (i.e. lead accumulated in urban soil over the years) may contribute as much lead, if not more, to urban street dust

Cost Benefit Analysis of European Air Quality Targets for Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide and Fine and Suspended Particulate Matter in Cities

The European Commission has proposed air quality standards for NO 2, SO 2 and PM 10 to be in force by 2010. The present paper presents a study that gauged their costs and benefits. An analysis of the expected emissions for 2010 (reference emission scenario), using simplified air quality models, showed that non-compliance with these standards will occur in cities only, not in rural areas. Most compliance problems are expected for PM 10 , least for SO 2. Central estimates of the costs to meet standards range from 21 MECU (SO 2), to 79 MECU (NO 2) to 87--225 MECU (PM 10 ). The estimated benefits are 83--3783 MECU (SO 2), 408--5900 MECU (NO 2), and 5007--51247 MECU (PM 10 ). Uncertainties are high, due to errors and incertitude in various steps of the methodology, mainly the estimation of the human health effects, in particular effects on mortality, and in the valuation of a statistical life. In the case of PM 10 , additional uncertainty results from the small size of the air quality database. Notwithstanding the uncertainties, the indications are that the benefits exceed the costs. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1999air quality, cities, cost benefit analysis, SO 2 , NO X , PM 10 ,